Meaning matanda, akafanana, zvivako, maitiro uye mamiriro. Wood - chii ichi?

Man anoshandisa huni nguva kare. Mafuta, zvokuvakisa, fenicha, zviridzwa - nyaya matanda atiperekedze nokusingaperi. Mukuwedzera, miti - choga makarenda uye kurarama nhoroondo nzvimbo.

Pane rose bazi sayenzi - dendrochronology, iyo inotiita munoziva nemakore chigadzirwa, uye umo nharaunda yakanga akatema muti, kubva iyo yakaitwa. Kudzidza zvikamu negore marin'i, unogona kudzidza nezvezvinhu zvakasikwa uye mhepo kare. Zvakanakira nekuipira, sechivako huni sezvo chivako zvinhu ehupfumi - vose nyaya idzi kutarisirwa.

How akunoita

The zvivako uye zvechadenga zvinhu hazvigoni kunzwisiswa pasina kutanga kuongorora marongerwo Zvinoumba matanda. The chaizvo yokuti anoenderana ndiani anorishandisa. Nokuti avhareji munhu uye muvaki ndiyo chete kudanda pasi nemakwati, iro rinogona kushandiswa pamba kana kubasa. For bhotani chivako huni nehuni - ichi ndicho zvakaoma chose, izvo zvinosanganisira zvose zvinhu kubvira pamidzi Korona.

Crohn kushandiswa indasitiri zvishoma, uye mapazi vakaita feedstock nokuda fibreboard uye makadhibhokisi. The chikuru kukosha ndiyo hunde. Pamuchinjikwa-sectional maumbirwo kwemaziso huni hunde. Okumusoro rukoko - the cortex, anodzivirira masero mapenyu kubva Kufurirwa nevamwe. Pakati hunde mumuviri nemakwati uye marongera masero mapenyu - cadmium. Mumoyo kuburikidza Upfu inopfuura pokupedzisira. Loose zvinyama kubva izvo zviri, kuti kukodzera kuti utilitarian zvinangwa.

huni Musimboti rinoumbwa ainyanya masero akafa, nebwe deposits värjäys uye kusukuta matehwe nevamiririri. Musimboti akapoteredzwa ose sapwood - chikamu muti, riri basa kutakura mvura mashizha kubva pamidzi. Saizvozvowo, pane zvakawanda mwando, zvinonyanya mvura zvakasimba uye kusimba ora. Iziviswe tsanga handizvo miti. Mune vamwe vavo hapana musiyano pakati nepakati uye kumucheto Upfu. matombo yakadaro inonzi sapwood.

Nemaziso mamiriro huni

Uchishandisa maikorosikopu, tinogona kutarisa zvakadzama kupinda chivako. Wood inoumbwa dzinokwana ganda masero akafa. Young vegetative masero panofanira kuva goko uye menzvimbo - the cytoplasm uye musimboti. Based dzakaonda läpinäkyvä Kamudzira iri cellulose kana cellulose. With kumbotambudzika metamorphosis uye, zvichienderana mashandiro, vari mudzoke kunyika mukanyiwa kana kuti cortex (probkovanie) kana matanda (lignification) chirimwa masero pamusoro nguva.

Masero akaumba dzose lignin. Ndiye chikonzero lignification. Shared nokuda kwemarudzi maviri Woody masero - prozenhimnye uye parenchymal. Chokutanga mhando ndiyo unorema matanda, zvichienderana rudzi - kubva 85% kusvika 99%. Uyewo, vakanga vakakamurwa mu mabasa avo. masero Conductive vane basa hurukuro zvinovaka muviri uye mwando kubva pamidzi kusvika mashizha, zvemaziso - nokuti simba uye kutsiga muti. Masero Parenchymal aite kushanda pandiri nokuda chirimwa. Vanounganidza zvinokurisa (mafuta, sitachi) uye kuvapa sezvinodiwa panguva yakaoma.

Softwood

Zvichienderana kwemarudzi miti uye mamiriro avo akasiyana. Type huni rakakamurwa coniferous uye Deciduous. Sechivako Conifers zvikuru nyore. Vanoumba unorema traheidnye masero. Chaiwo zviri softwood zvinosanganisira urongwa masero kuti pave nebwe. mhando dzakasiyana vanogona kana randomly vakapararira uye yakabatana nebwe ducts.

Hardwood

More kunzwisisa miti Deciduous dzinoita nokugadzirwa kwawo. Wood rinoumbwa vascular uye parenchymal masero libriform fibers. Sezvo miti Deciduous vanorasikirwa mashizha avo kuwa chando, vanoda hombe zvokudya. Saka, vakawanda vari parenchymal masero anokonzera kuunganidza zvinovaka muviri, pane ari softwood. Izvi zvinogona kuonekwa munhu raidudzwa core.

ehupfumi

Vanoverengeka mamirire zvivako ane matanda. Zvakakurukurwa nemamiriro kusvika chikonzero. Mukurumari mudondo zvakakwirira chaizvo, uye pakati zvokuvakisa pamusoro chakarurama ino anopindura ane zvenguva chinzvimbo. Asi akapa duku inorwara zviri akafanana panyaya iyi kusvika simbi. Simba pfungwa pehuni ndechokuti - anisotropic zvinhu. Mano kurwisa kuparadzwa kunobva kutungamirirwa simba hama kuti internet urongwa. The yakanakisisa zviratidzi simba zvinoonekwa apo pachena kuti mashoko achitevedza zviyo.

The kuomarara pehuni riri duku, chikonzero ichi - zvariri marongerwo. Wood - a porous, anonzwisisa zvinhu. Matanda vanokwanisa kudzorera chimiro chavo mushure pfupi mutoro. Asi residual deformation nokuda mazhinji kugara kuramba zvachose. Wooden danda havazokwanisi kuwanazve chimiro chavo mushure kushandiswa refu.

Kwekuoma zvokuvakisa kunotemwa nezviri mutoro zvakafanira kuti mabhatani simbi bhora neumwe saizi. Huni zvakaoma zviri 1000 chete N. In iyi, pasi pokuoma - ndiwo mumwe chikuru zvakanakira mashoko. Wood zviri nyore kuti dzifunge, zviri kwazvo dzaidzidziswa zvipikiri, screws, screws kuzvidzora tapping.

Wood mwando kugutsikana iri pakutsvaga chaicho zviri mwando ari pores. In chete vakatema muti, wasvika 100%. Zvichienderana chinangwa kupwa mitema masango pasi anodikamwa parameters kubva 40 kusvika 15%.

chiremera

Wood ane pasi chafariz conductivity ukoshi. Kunogona advantageously kushandiswa insulating zvinhu. Nyore kugadzira runoita kushandisa-siyana zviridzwa. Hazvibviri kufungidzira chero bhendi pasina zviridzwa zvakaitwa namatanda. Hunoshamisa gitare - mugumisiro zvivako izvozvo namatanda, sokukwanisa resonance. Wood iri nyore wakakombama, anovhura kusarudza mukuru kugadzirwa-siyana curved hurongwa. Uyewo emapuranga zvigadzirwa vane zvakanaka inzwi-rokutora unhu. Beautiful pamusoro dzakazonaka nzvimbo fungidziro kana nzvimbo magadzirirwo.

kutadza

Kugona kutora mutoro chamatanda zvigadzirwa kunoenderana kutungamirirwa chikumbiro simba. Izvi nokuda anisotropic maumbirwo huni. Uyezve, simba ehupfumi kuvimba vo pamusoro napedyo kuti nechepakati hunde, mwando, kuvapo nokusunungura mapfundo uye makatsemuka. Izvi zvinoita kupedza nguva yakawanda ari kusarudzwa yakakodzera zvinhu nokuda basa.

Sezvo makemikari acho, huni nyore kuti tumbuyu, chakuvhuvhu, notumwe. For-kare kushanda kunodiwa kuti aite rimwe chinodhura namakemikari kurapwa. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti womuti chivako pasina pre-kurapwa - imwe zvakatapwa nyore pamoto.

huni kugadzira

Kazhinji, pane mhando nhatu huni kugadzira:

• The Zvinonyanyozivikanwa - zvokuimba nzira. Wood Kucheka, planing, paradzanisa.
• In kwemakemikari-zvokuimba kurapwa mashoko ari pasi ane zvenguva kugadzirira. Wood machipisi, Shavings kusanganiswa bhainda uye kupopotedzana. A makemikari polymerization maitiro uye goho yaibereka zvinhu zvakadai plywood, Chipboard, fiberboard.
• Kana makemikari kurapwa kudanda acids, alkalis, munyu, ari pasi kudziyisa. It anganzi wakadaro kurapwa zvigadzirwa marasha, rosin chingamu, tannins, cellulose.

Miti murume wechikuru ari mazana emamiriyoni kwemakore. All nokusingaperi aivapo ibudirire kunobva pakushandisa pehuni. Books, fenicha, zviridzwa - ichi zvose zvinogoneka nemhaka iyi yakasiyana nedzimwe dzinongoitika zvinhu.