Zvinoyangarara dinosaurs: mifananidzo, tsananguro, mavambo

Maererano paleontologists ano, hofori zvinokambaira yekare akatanga kuongorora mvura chinhu panguva pakuguma Permian nguva hwake panyika. Masayendisiti vanoti zviri zvinokambaira vekare muupenyu hwake nguva dzose akadzoka mumvura. Chikonzero kuti - zvakawanda pemvura zvokudya uye Chokwadi, kuchengeteka.

Makungwa, uye nyanza

Chinoshamisa, kuti upenyu mumakungwa uye makungwa haina vakakumbira kubva zvinokambaira yekare unokosha kugadzirisa muviri mumwe une chete kuyeuka ano zvinokambaira kuti kurarama mumvura, asi zvikuru nyika chimiro. Somuenzaniso, makarwe kana zvomumvura Iguana.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti sangano uye simba dinosaurs mumvura - nayo simba mari pamusana chete kota mari inodiwa kuti kufamba kwavo uye kupa zvakananga panyika! Kunyanya nyore kudzokera mvura inonzi saka chinyakare dinosaurs - akafa magumo mhindumupindu. Asi kuti chimwe nyaya.

Wokutanga kubhururuka dinosaurs - vanoita?

Masayendisiti anodavira kuti wokutanga wechokwadi mvura mhando dinosaurs zvave Permian Mesosaur anomiririra anapsid subclass. Nechekare vakavatevera mumvura vakadzokera vamiririri dzinonzi chinyakare Diapsid: tangozavry, hovazavrusy uye klaudiozavry.

Vose vaiva murayiro eozuhy uye rinosvika kureba masendimita chete 50. Chete pakati Triassic nguva, zvinobhururuka dinosaurs "akura" mamita maviri refu, akatendeuka pakupedzisira kupinda chakakomba uye kunyange ngozi nezvinokambaira.

Externally ivo akafanana nhasi newts mukirasi amphibians: mvura eozuhii aiva refu muswe, flattened panhivi uye penyika achipfuura shure kubudikidza mutumbi. The Triassic munyika hakuna kupfuura 5 mvura zvinokambaira mapoka. Mumwe wavo isu chete kukurukurwa - zviri mvura eozuhii. Ngationgororei zvose, uye dzimwe mhando kubhururuka dinosaurs.

placodont

Externally, nezvinokambaira izvi kufanana diki-refu akadanidzira chisimbiso. kureba kwadzo kwakanga asingasviki 1.5 m. Placodont streamlined muviri uye aiva chokurukisa chimiro. Nemusoro makumbo diki, pfupi. Nzira kushambira dinosaurs yomumwe placodont boka haana kusiyana chaiyo siyana: zvinokambaira nyore wakatandavadza pamwe muviri wake makumbo vachinyara pfupi uye aiyangarara yakaita shoma torpedoes.

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, chokwadi chose pamusoro dinosaurs-placodont mazhinji dzimwe hwemvura zvinokambaira, yakafukidzwa nerima uye chakavanzika. Masayendisiti vanowanzomuitira kudavira kuti izvi - vana vamwe anapsid yekare. Kunyange zvakadaro, zera placodont yakanga pfupi - zvisikwa izvi dzakatangira pakutanga Triassic, asi kuguma kwayo zvachose nokutsakatika.

nothosaurus

Izvi zvimwe zvinobhururuka dinosaurs nomumwe aigara Triassic yaitonga. saizi yavo rinosvika 4 mamita pakureba, asi ruzhinji vakanga vachiri yekudyidzana zvishoma. Mbeswa zvinokambaira vane streamlined muviri, muswe pfupi, mumwe asi anonzwisisa pamutsipa, akaenzana pakureba muviri wavo.

Vakanga chiduku musoro nomuromo vakapakata unopinza meno. Izvi kungadaro vakatamira mumvura achishandisa yokudzokorora. fambisa muswe generating inokukura simba, uyewo kuburikidza netsoka dzayo webbed.

Nothosaurus kana vachimuka kudiwa, vakanga nyore anokwira kuti pamahombekombe uye basking muzuva. Masayendisiti anodavira kuti zvikara vaiva Crossopterygii yekare mhando hove. Zvinofadza kuti yechipiri yezana Triassic kumwedzi, zvisikwa izvi ndakasika munhu yoga bazi zvino inozivikanwa hwemvura zvikara - plesiosaurs. Pachavo nothosaurus yakatotsakatika pakazopera ari Triassic.

Tallatozavry

Vamiririri boka iri afanane nothosaurus kumusoro, chete mutsipa aiva mupfupi uye hombe musoro. Nzira kushambira dinosaurs veboka iri hazvigoni kunzi rakasiyana: hazvina kushandiswa nokukwasva netsoka dzakapfava ake, uye akarurama akaadzura pamwe pamuviri sezvo placodont.

Masayendisiti vanowanzomuitira kudavira kuti kwave zvisikwa izvi kubva dzimwe dzekare uye chinyakare anapsid, kunyange vakuru kupfuura yambotaurwa mvura eozuhii. Ivo vakafa achishandisa pakupera Triassic, sezvo nothosaurus. No Zvizvarwa vanomutevera takasiya.

ichthyosaurs

Ichi yokupedzisira boka, yaimirirwa kupfuura akakurumbira munyika yose ichibhururuka dinosaurs - ichthyosaurs. Ichthyosaurs nani kupfuura mamwe dinosaurs vakanga dzakashandisa upenyu uye kurarama mumakungwa uye nyanza. Zvinozivikanwa kuti zvikara izvi - Diapsid vazukuru, uye chii chaizvo - harizivikanwi. Ichthyosaurs akaonekwa Permian nguva, kunyange mukuru zvisaririra nezvinokambaira aya yomusi nechepazasi Triassic kumwedzi.

Externally ichthyosaurs inodzokorora chimiro hove ano. Avo mativi musoro akavhura shaya akafanana Dolphins musoro. Flattened laterally mutumbi wehunyambiri chipande muswe uye mhuka nemazinzara ikava zvimbi, achivaita akasiyana ayo vamutangira mvura zvose.

Giant akayangarara pakati dinosaurs

Zita rake liopleurodon. Ndicho chikuru hwemvura zvikara nguva dzose, unonyanya aidzidza marudzi. miganhu yacho vachiri nyaya yesayenzi nharo varume. nyanzvi Most, liopleurodon pakureba anogona kusvika 25 metres uye vanoyera - matani 150! Maererano vamwe, ndiwo kupfuura chikara kuti akamborarama Panyika. Nenzira, akanga ari avo kare ataurwa, uye plesiosaurs vaigara Jurassic munguva.