Mazita shiri dondo. Doma uye eshiri. Birds Russia

Nyika yedu inogarwa shiri dzakawanda, ane zita iri dzimwe nguva hatidi kunyange vakanzwa. Ndivo pose pose; mumasango, makomo, mapani, pamusoro kumiganhu nemakungwa, kunyange muchando achinaya mvura. Kusiyana boka iri mhuka nyika kwazvo zvokuti, somuenzaniso, chete pamusoro munharaunda Russian Federation anogona kusangana nevamiriri mhuka kupfuura 400, kusanganisira kwete chete kugadziriswa, asi shiri dzinotama, mapikicha nemazita zviri nyore kuwana ari atirasi.

passerine

Sezvineiwo, 50% yezvinhu zvipenyu zvose shiri ndezvaJehovha murayiro passerine, inova tsanga duku duku yaunodyara bead (6 g), uye kupfuura - Raven (1.5 kg). Kune subspecies ina shiri vachiimba, polupevchie nokupopota (vadzvinyiriri) uye shirokoklyuvye (boatbill). Miitiro uye kupenda shiri, kusanganisira huni, ndizvo siyana chaizvo, uye kuimba uye unoyevedza zvikuru nokutarira vanhurume. Ndivo wokutanga kusvika panguva rakasarudzwa nesting nzvimbo, uye avo nokuimba kureva kundima uye kukwezva vanhukadzi. Dzimwe dzakadai starlings uye jays, vanokwanisa kutevedzera manzwi shiri siyana uye mamwe mashoko matauriro edu. Ubiquitous.

Vamwe passerines panguva nesting mapupira kurarama, asi vakawanda siyana yezvinoita. Location anosarudza hono, uye subspecies zvakasiyana vanosarudza kuti ichi mugomba, mapazi emiti, matombo, mumwena iri muvhu, matombo uye nezvimwewo. Pamuviri kunoitika muchirimo kana zhizha, kunyange zvazvo, Somuenzaniso, crossbill musatya nechando, uye kana zvakakwana chikafu (spruce uye mupaini pasikweya ), izvozvo pokugara, kunyange January.

passerines All kuona kako vanoberekerwa anenge yakafukidzwa chiedza pfuti, matsi uye bofu, asi chaizvo kutsanya kukura. Fed vaduku navakadzi, uye varume. Pana mazuva 10-15, aine vabereki vana dzinobhururuka dendere; mhando kuti dendere pamihoronga, zvinoitika gare gare - 20-25 mazuva.

Mazita shiri kuti nhengo passerine, nguva dzose vachinzwa: shiri, chickadee, oriole, medza, Starling, wagtail, oatmeal, etc. makuru anogona kusiyanisa rarira, Jay, mufundisi. Thrush, Fieldfare.

Bird mumapaki, mapindu, Mafuro uye minda

Unit shiri passerine vagere minda nemapaki guta, vanogara musango uye paMaare. Forest uye gwenga vamiririri kazhinji vashoma saizi, muri granivorous uye insectivorous shiri. It songbirds makumbo pfupi vari zvakakwana kujairana noupenyu mumiti. Muminda, zvakavhenganiswa mudondo, Parkland nemapindu, unogona kazhinji kuona shiri, Starling, rook of, bullfinch, rarira, Nightingale, magpie, Finch, jackdaw, uye vamwe vamiririri hurongwa zhinji. Names shiri anozivikanwa kwatiri kubva pauduku.

Mhuri dzakawanda zvinoshamisa dzakashandisa mamiriro ezvinhu noruvazhe apo hapana miti yakareba. Izvi zvinosanganisira Skylark, oatmeal, pheasant, hwari uye vamwe. Chikwata expanses yeminda kundotsvaka nenyoka nemakonzo diki, mazizi vavhimi, harriers, inowanzorimwa makondo.

Shiri dzose yakazaruka dzezvimwe kwavo dzakashandisa zvakatipoteredza. Vamwe vacho kwazvo inofamba pasi, kwete chete achitsvaka zvokudya, asiwo kutiza muvengi, rinenge pasina kushandisa mapapiro. Ivo vakafirwa kukwanisa kubhururuka, asi vane makumbo simba neminwe pfupi, izvo zvinoita kuti kutsanya achimhanya, uye kuchera pasi. To boka iri ndezvaJehovha shiri Galliformes (Grouse, pheasant, Grouse, Guinea neshiri, Kraksi), mhou nevamwe.

Masikati nousiku "ichibhururuka" Zvikara dzinoratidzwa namapapiro simba uye unopinza nenzara zvinovabatsira kunovhima. boka iri rinosanganisira hawks, dema kites, hawks, mazizi, kumafuro uye CAD munda, uye zvichingodaro.

inowanzorimwa shiri

Russian inowanzorimwa akatambanudza yose nzira kubva pamhenderekedzo yeGungwa Azov neGungwa Black kusvika Mountains Ural, uye ndezvomuzvarirwo kuti rakazaruka dzezvimwe yakadaro yaigarwa zvakasiyana-siyana shiri. Inowanzorimwa uye gwenga shiri marudzi uye yatiri kupa zita iri, dzakamanikidzwa kungwarira. Open nzvimbo iri kunyanya kupfuma munzvimbo dzinochengeterwa, saka dzimwe nguva chete kukurumidza maitiro uye ndege anogona kuponesa shiri pamuvengi.

Sezvo inowanzorimwa uye gwenga mhando kuenda yakawanda iri uswa achitsvaka zvokudya, makumbo avo zvinokwana kukura ichi. Kunze partridges kuti inowanzorimwa shiri dziri :. Demoiselle, ibwe curlew, shoma bustard, Sociable nemhupupu, bustard, etc. Ivo nounyanzvi zvakavigwa uswa nokuda "kamafurashi" ruvara matanga uye nyore kuwana zvokudya rakaorera inowanzorimwa nevhu. Plants nezvipembenene - a chokudya, asi shiri dzinodya nyama mapikicha mazita rinogona kuwanikwa chero bhuku, nezvavakatapa pamusoro nyoka, matatya nemakonzo, zvinova zvizhinji kwazvo, uye usarega zvakaora. Dzimwe shiri matendere adzo zvakananga muvhu, uye zvikara guru - on zvisingawanzoitiki miti munzvimbo idzi.

shiri gwenga

Mugwenga, shiri duku, nokuti havatamburi nyota. In kumaodzanyemba Russia Astrakhan nharaunda uye Kalmykia mabvazuva vari munzvimbo mugwenga kuti iwedzere zvinomera uye mwando chete muchirimo. Wakasununguka zvakakwana mune vachirayira ezvinhu shiri zvakadai nehuku mugwenga, bustard, warbler, inowanzorimwa chapungu. Pamuganhu nzvimbo pedyo mvura vari nesting pelicans, swans mbeveve, duck uye egrets.

Tisingatauri flightless shiri pakukura munyika - African nemhou, izvo zvinogona kurema makirogiramu anopfuura 150. Evolution atora nokuuchengeta, zvichipa mutsipa refu kuti muchidimbu zvakanaka kwenzvimbo uye simba gumbo kuti kutsanya kumhanya uye anorova anokumhan'arira panguva kurwa. Live nemhou dzakawanda mhuri; uchidzidza uswa, tumbuyu, madzvinyu, nemakonzo, asi unogona kunhonga zvisaririra noupfu nezvikara. Funny nyaya pamusoro kuti mhou vavige misoro yavo mujecha - chete aitamba, asi nhunzvi hatch panguva pamberi ngozi chaizvoizvo flattened pasi, kuedza kuva asingaoneki. Nokuda kupisa muchirimo shiri mugwenga vari kushingaira usiku, uye chando - masikati, kana kupisa.

dondo shiri

Forest Shiri matendere adzo mumiti uye pamakwenzi uyewo pamihoronga. Woody zvinomera zviri kwavari kwete chete pokugara, asi nzvimbo kugadzirwa kwezvokudya. Naizvozvo makumbo dzakawanda zvipenyu zviri kurongwa nenzira iri nyore kubata kubazi. The zvakafanana zviri ndivo pemiswe refu uye pahupamhi mapapiro kupfupiswa kuti nokukurumidza bvisai, sipidhi uye excreting anokunyengedzera anofambisa pakati pamatavi makobvu. By dondo shiri zvinosanganisira vazhinji passerine, woodpeckers, mazizi uye kurinoobraznyh.

In mira kukwira hunde dzacho neshiri nenzara inopinza uye curved. Vamwe mazita okuremekedza dondo shiri muboka iri kunoratidzwa nenzira rwokufamba (nuthatches). Kuti atsigire nokudzikama pikas uye woodpeckers kushandisa muswe, uye chickadees, finches nevamwe Pichugov, kuwana zvokudya, zvinogona ambomiswa mapazi pasi. Wild zvikara kundovhima kutiza, kana kukurumidza akawira pasi zvavo.

Dzinodya dzimwe shiri dondo

The maitiro zviri masikati nousiku dondo zvikara inopinza pachirauro muromo uye refu nenzara Makumbo simba. Mukuwedzera, vane chiratidzo uye kunzwa zvakaisvonaka.

Mamwe mazita shiri Russian kuva sango zvikara: namazizi, Zizi, zizi, uchi gora, gora, goshawk uye nevamwe.

Mavambo mazita shiri

Names shiri haana kusarudzwa pavaidira: anenge vose nedzidziso aripo chero anokosha zvinhu akati nevanhu. Somuenzaniso, kuti inzwi nokuimba manyorerwo mazita neshiri yegungwa (neshiri yegungwa), chizhu (Chi-Chi), titmouse (zvitema-hsin), Rook (gra-gra), uye nemhupupu, gulls, lapwings, uye nedzimwe shiri dzakawanda.

For maitiro plumage uye shiri wakasimuka Urals zita: Greenfinch, Grouse, redstart (Jay), uye Pichugov zvakadai flytrap, uchi gora uye nutcracker anoratidza pamusoro zvavo madyiro. Wagtail uye vertigolovku nyore kusiyaniswa rarehwa, asi nzvimbo dzimwe shiri nesting sezvariri paakapiwa muzita ravo: Achaparadza, Sand Martin burrows that pamatunhu mabhanga, uye warbler zvakavigwa rizere zvinomera mugungwa.

Nyore kuyeuka mazita shiri vana kana vari nowenyika machemero chaibwinya, somuenzaniso, kana achifamba, sezvinoita emumvura. Iye anofamba zvishoma nezvishoma pamwe nomumachakwi mumatope, kufanana "Chapa" zvikuru vachisimudza makumbo refu, uye ichiitirwa remutauro dzakachinja zita reshiri "Chaplya" iri neshorechena. Kana kana aishamwaridzana Somuenzaniso, pamwe nechando vakabva kwakabva zita bullfinch shiri.

Asi vavhimi azive zita rake raiva Grouse: paakanga tokuet, ipapo saka zvinobatanidzwa kuti chaizvoizvo matsi uye havana kunzwa ruzha ngozi. Asi kana kumbomira, anochinja yose nezvarwo.

Pakazosvika nguva mazita nzvimbo akaparadzirwa shiri dzakadai Finch uye Robin. Little finches achibhururuka achibhururuka kwazvo chilli, mwedzi inotonhora, saka vari zvakanaka ainzi, kunyange ivo zvakakwana akaomarara. A Robin, izvo kazhinji rinopedza mumapindu pedyo kuvanhu, sonorous kuimba akasangana mangwanani uye manheru mambakwedza.

bullfinch

Quirky uye Russian kwakabva zita bullfinch shiri, nokuti anosvika kwedu nzvimbo chando, pamwe chando, uye nokuuya kwematsutso rinobhururukira murima coniferous masango. Bullfinch kwagara chokuita New Year, saka mufananidzo krasnopuzogo duku shongedza zvinhu zvezuva nezuva, shongedza Christmas makadhi uye matkamuistoja.

Shiri mumhuri ine finches uye vanogara packs it, kuramba achidanidzira mumwe pembe. Winter kunoitika kunyange mumapaki guta. Kunobereka pakatanga kupisa mukati Zvikwenzi uye boreal Masango Eurasia, kuCaucasus, ivo Carpathians. Rinodya michero, mbeu, atwo miti.

waterfowl

Water shiri, mapikicha, uye mazita akarongwa pazasi - Ndivo shiri kuti anogona kuyangarara pamusoro pemvura. Havazivi zvinosanganisira marudzi kuti vari chete kuwanikwa reservoirs chikafu. Nokuda nzira inokosha youpenyu vari ne zvakafanana zvinhu: webbed minwe, gobvu plumage uye mafuta shwanu secretory, lubricating minhenga.

Title waterfowl chaizvo zviumbu rinobva chakajeka mumiriri :. Anseriformes, Pelecaniformes, gagaroobraznye, seagulls, pingvinoobraznye etc. The zvokudya hove, dzemugungwa, matatya, algae, zvavakanga tiwane kubudikidza Diving mumvura sezvo cormorants uye dives kana uchisiya chete musoro sezvo swans uye duck. Seagulls anogona hove pamusoro nhunzi, chubvu mumvura chete muromo.

Waterfowl Russia

Kwakapararira pamusoro munharaunda Russian Federation vari waterfowl, mapikicha uye mazita ruzhinji izvo avanoziva wose. Kunyange zvazvo vakawanda vari dzinotama :. Ducks, shiri, swans, etc. Pakupera zhizha anotanga kushingaira yokutama hwemvura neshiri chando nzvimbo. Panzira, dzimwe nhengo dzeboka iri kupedza gore kure mugungwa, achidzokera kumhenderekedzo chete ruminant uye hatching (zvimwe duck). Habitat anogona zvakarurama kunzi ari Sakhalin, ivo Kuril Islands, Kamchatka, muCrimea uye dzimwe nzvimbo mvura yakawanda reservoirs.

Russian hwemvura shiri, mazita avo refu-tailed Dhadha uye Eider duck, vanogara Yakutia uye Chukotka mumhenderekedzo kwegungwa. Achitevedza Volga dendere: moorhen, tsvuku-Crested pochard, mukuru Crested grebe, wachena hanzi, mbeveve nejichidza, coot.

shiri dzvuku

Panguva dzakasiyana-siyana shiri unoratidza tsvuku shiri, ane zita riri zvekumwe chaizvo, uyewo inopenya plumage. Kana nenyemba edu, crossbill uye bullfinches zvishoma kupendwa ruvara ichi, Flamingo, Tanagra, Virginian Cardinal, Southern Red Bishop, nezizi guru - anenge zvachose dzvuku. Most Shiri idzi vanogara achitsva masango ari kumaodzanyemba America, Hawaii uye nezvimwe zvitsuwa, Australia uye Africa. Kureva passerine, ploceidae, phoenicopteriformes, Ciconiiformes uye dzimwe mhuka.

Interesting zviri shiri

Siyana eshiri, kupfuura zvose, zvakasiyana muviri saizi, Maumbirwe muromo, plumage ruvara uye dzinogarisana. Zvose zviri zvakaoma kutsanangura zvishoma nei bata mashomanana. Sezvineiwo, muromo neshiri imwe neimwe chakagadzirirwa nenzira kuti aigona zvokudya zvavo pachavo nyore. Somugumisiro, kuparadzana rwakaitika morphological kwadzakabva shiri muromo fomu muzvikwata 14, ramakagadzwa: omnivores, varedzi, Mbeswa, cutwater, mowers zvokudya mbeu Conifers, nekita kana michero, scavengers, uye dzimwe carnivores.

Somugumisiro pakuongorora, zvakanzi akacherechedza kuti vamwe shiri vane zvinoshamisa nenjere uye unyanzvi. Saka, seagulls uye kwejongwe kuwana dzemugungwa kana nzungu, akamusimudza mumhepo uye ipapo ndokukandwa pasi kuti aputse, achidzokorora kumonyanisa ichi kanoverengeka. A butorides kukwezva hove ndyiro vachikanda mumvura iri muchimiro matavi kana mashizha. Remaparrot, jays uye rooks amenable kudzidza kutaura kwevanhu, uye Dyatlov vanodzungunyika anoshandisa nhete seinään kuti atore rakavhurika mitswi iri omuti muti nokubudisa nezvipembenene.

Basa shiri zvakasikwa uye kuti murume

Meaning of shiri zvakasikwa hazviiti kungadzikira: kuwirirana uye mhuka, vakavaka ukama yakaoma inosimudzira dzinongoitika vakasarudzwa. Shiri kubatsira kupararira mbeu, uye dzimwe mhando vane muchinjikwa mukume maruva zvirimwa.

Shiri dzinodya nyama chengeta nemakonzo vawane nomwero. Nekuvongwa Pichugov insectivores, vachidya makonye uye mazana vemarudzi akawanda zvichengetedzwe, kusanganisira zvipfuwo, izvo zvinobatsira chaizvo kuti vanhu. naizvozvo akagamuchira ose zviyero nekuda kuchengetedza siyana eshiri, uyewo hunhu Matura zvakasikwa.