Marongerwo uye kushanda kuona analyzer. nhego wezvakaonekwa

Kutaura kunze nyika, munhu anofanira kugamuchira uye ongorora ruzivo kubva kwokunze kwezvakatipoteredza. Kwaizvozvi, hunhu husina ake takasvinura. Vatanhatu vavo maziso, nzeve, rurimi, mhuno, ganda, uye ari vestibular midziyo. Saka, munhu anoumba chiratidzo cherudo zvose dzinoitwa naye uye iye semubairo kutarisana, auditory, olfactory, tactile, gustatory uye kinesthetic nezvekufadza.

Hapana angapokana kuti vamwe pfungwa nhengo kunokosha zvikuru kupfuura vamwe. Ivo mukwanisi mumwe, kutanga mufananidzo wakakwana chenyika. Asi chii kupfuura vose mashoko - kusvika 90%! - Vanhu ndinoona kushandisa ziso - ichokwadi. Kuti unzwisise kuti mashoko aya anopinda uropi, uye sei nenyaya yacho, zvinokosha kufungidzira marongerwo uye kushanda kuona analyzer.

Zviri kutarisana analyzer

Nemhaka kuona maonero tinodzidza pamusoro saizi, chimiro, coloring, yakawiriranwa urongwa midziyo yenyika, avo kufamba kana kutadza kufamba. Uyu yakaoma uye multi-danho muitiro. Marongerwo uye kushanda kuona analyzer - maitiro pakutevedzera risiti uye kubudiswa kuona mashoko, iyoyo chiratidzo - chaizvo kunzwisisa. Pakutanga, zvinobvira govera munhu peripheral (a kugamuchirwa chiyamuro Data), uye ongorora conductive mugove. Kuwana ruzivo ratakurwa Kanotokonya hurongwa rinosanganisira yeziso uye ebetsero hurongwa, uye mberi nayo yakatumwa nomukombiyuta optic etsinga akakodzera nzvimbo uropi, apo chinogadzirwa uye Mifananidzo vari aumba. All madhipatimendi ari kutarisana analyzer ichakurukurwa munyaya.

Sei ziso. Chokunze rukoko yeziso

The maziso aiwanzopiwa wokushanda nhengo. Mumwe yeziso chakafanana zvishoma flattened bhora chimiro uye rinoumbwa anoverengeka akaturikidzana: wokunze, pakati uye rwomukati akarikomberedza mvura yakazara mhango ziso.

The rokunze goko - a gobvu fibrous Kamudzira kuti anochengeta chimiro ziso uye anodzivirira ezvirevo yaro yomukati. Uyezve, vakatakura matanhatu kugadzira injini tsandanyama yeziso. Chokunze goko rine segirazi nechemberi - cornea uye neshure, opaque - sclera.

The cornea iziso refractive venhau, zviri convex, ane maonero izvo uye, akavapindurawo, chakagadzirwa anoverengeka akaturikidzana. Haina midziyo ropa, asi pane zvakawanda harinzwi tsinga. Rinokwanisa kucheneruka chena kana sclera, chikamu chinooneka iyo kazhinji unonzi mapuroteni maziso aumba kubva connective tishu. Kwaari uye zvakabatanidzwa tsandanyama, ichipa ziso kwaanoda.

The pakati rukoko yeziso

Average choroid rinobatanidzwa metabolic urongwa, ichipa ziso muviri uye kushaya kuti metabolic zvigadzirwa. The mberi, zvikuru kuoneka chikamu - ndizvo Iris. Pigmented fuma iri Iris, kana pane, chayo akatsunga nomumwe Hue ziso kwevanhu kubva zvitema, kana hazvina kukwana Hazel, kana zvakakwana. Kana ruvara vasipo, sezvo zvinoitika pamwe albinism, zvinova pachena vascular plexus, uye Iris anova tsvuku.

Iris iri chete seri cornea, ayo hwaro ndiyo tsandanyama. Mboni - kumativi buri hwakavakirwa Iris - nekuvongwa tsandanyama idzi inodzora kupinda chiedza mukati ziso dilates panguva chiedza yakaderera uye tapering panguva zvakare yakajeka. Zviri kuenderera maziso ciliary (ciliary) muviri. Mashandiro chikamu chino kutarisana analyzer ndiko kubudisa mvura kuti zvinogara ziso madhipatimendi avo vasina midziyo yavo. Uyezve, ciliary muviri une zvakananga simba pamusoro ukobvu zviri izvo pachishandiswa anokosha nemarunda.

The posterior Chikamu ziso pakati rukoko ndiye choroid, kana chaiyo vascular ziso goko zvinenge zvachose ropa midziyo yakasiyana dhayamita.

the retina

Mukati, thinnest layer - a the retina kana the retina chakaumbwa masero etsinga. Pane rakananga manzwisisire chezvinhu kuongorora uye kuona mashoko. The musana Chikamu the retina chinosanganisira photoreceptor anokosha rinonzi pasikweya (7 MN) uye tsvimbo (130 MN). Ndizvo avo vane basa omumwe zvinhu ziso.

Pasikweya vane basa ruvara pamutemo uye zvinopa nechepakati chiono unokubvumira kuona yakanaka mashoko. Tsotso, ari unetseke, kupa munhu mukana kuona mavara matema uye chena pasi chiedza ezvinhu, uye vane basa peripheral chiratidzo. pasikweya Most vari kusimbiswa vanonzi yero gwapa pamberi mboni, zvishoma pamusoro pamusuo optic etsinga. Iyi inzvimbo kufadza kutarisana acuity. The the retina, uyewo nhengo dzose kutarisana analyzer, chidziro hakusi nyore - ayo mamiriro govera 10 akaturikidzana.

The nemamiriro ziso mhango

Ocular Musimboti kuchibva izvo, uye vitreous makamuri akazara mura. Rinooneka somunhu convex izvo pamusoro mativi ose segirazi izvo. Haana midziyo ropa kana tsinga harinzwi uye yakaturikwa kubva-yakatesvera panyanga dzacho dzakapoteredza ciliary muviri, tsandanyama iyo kushandura curvature kwayo. Mano aya anonzi pekugara uye anobatsira ziso pfungwa pedyo kana zvinopesana, nyaya kure.

Zvinokonzera gogorosi, vachinamatira kwachiri uye mberi akazara pose the retina, akaronga vitreous. Izvi zvakajeka gelatinous fuma kuti anozadza akawanda Vhoriyamu nhengo wezvakaonekwa. The Zvinoumba ichi gelatinous guru 98% - mvura. Chinangwa ichi zvinhu - akatakura chiedza mwaranzi muripo intraocular kufurirwa kuchinja, kutsigira nguva dzose pamusoro pezvakaita yeziso.

Anterior Kamuri rakatenderedzwa cornea uye iris. Hwakabatana pedyo mudzidzi aine rakatetepa neshure kamuri, kuvakoka kubva Iris kusvika izvo. Both intraocular mhango akazadzwa mura, izvo circulates pachena pakati pavo.

refraction chiedza

chinooneka analyzer maitiro akadaro kuti pakutanga chiedza mwaranzi vari refracted uye chakabatikana ne cornea uye nomumvura Iris kusvika Anterior yomukati. Kuburikidza mboni centre chikamu chiedza weveta izvo, apo zviri neyakarurama kutaura, uye ipapo kuburikidza vitreous muviri - the the retina. Chiri projected pamusoro the retina pamusoro penyaya mufananidzo ari ipfupi uye, uyezve, kuti inverted chimiro uye nesimba chiedza mwaranzi photoreceptors dzikwanise tsinga nomunhu. Information pachishandiswa optic etsinga anopinda uropi. Isa pamusoro the retina, panopinda optic etsinga, ndiyo isina photoreceptors, saka akadana bofu gwapa.

Pakufamba nhego wezvakaonekwa

Ziso kuti nenguva ikarumbidzwa kuti mikana yakawanda yokukurudzira, anofanira kuva pafoni. Munguva kwebasa kuona midziyo undosangana majoko zvitatu ziso tsandanyama: maviri yegwara yakarurama uye mumwe oblique. Pamwe tsandanyama Ndivo Wokumusorosoro-nokukurumidza ari mumuviri womunhu. Kutonga kufamba yeziso oculomotor etsinga. Iye chinobatanidza pamwe tsinga mana matanhatu ziso tsandanyama kuburikidza nokuvapa zvakakwana basa uye kwakarongeka kufamba kwemaziso. Kana oculomotor etsinga, nokuti chero chikonzero, hunoguma ishande zvakanaka, chinotaurwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana zviratidzo: strabismus, ptosis remakore, kaviri zvinhu, mydriasis, pekugara zvirwere, ziso protrusion.

Kudzivirira nyika ziso

Mberi dingindira rino, sezvo marongerwo uye kushanda kuona analyzer, tisingatauri hurongwa kuti vadzivirire. Yeziso iri mu pfupa mhango - pasi raitenderera zuva, uri kuvhunduka-rokutora piro mafuta, apo riri vakachengeteka kudzivirirwa kubva matambudziko.

Uyezve zviri muchadenga, ari kudzivirira mutumbi midziyo inosanganisira okumusoro anopenya pamwe eyelashes. Inokuchengetedza maziso kubva kunze zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Mukuwedzera, namafungiro kubatsira dzakafanana kuparadzira pamusoro ziso misodzi mvura panguva achibwaira vanobviswa kubva cornea miniti tudonhwe muguruva. Nechapamusoro, zvakare, kusvika pamwero vane unodzivirira basa, achidzivirira meso enyu kubva inoyerera kubva pahuma yake ziya.

In rokumusoro rokunze kukona ziso panosangana yaiva lacrimal mumasero. chakavanzika yavo anodzivirira, zvinogara uye moisturizes ari cornea, uye anewo disinfectant chiito. Zvakawandisa mvura kuburikidza misodzi mutsinga dzinofamba nemukaka drains the kupinda nasal mhango.

Kuenderera uye kupedza mashoko

Muimbisi vakaparadzana analyzer inoumbwa peya optic tsinga kuti vabude nezvigadziko avo cranial mhango uye rinosanganisira chaiwo migero, pova mberi chikamu kuyambuka kana chiasma. Images kubva rwenyama (rokunze) chikamu the retina kuramba kudivi rimwe asi uta yemukati - vayambuka uye chakasvitswa divi uropi. Mugumisiro ndechokuti zvakanaka kuona munda chinogadzirwa ne hemisphere rworuboshwe uye kuruboshwe - zvakanaka. bindepinde Izvi zvakakodzera kuti paumbwe imwe Vhoriyamu kuona mufananidzo.

Pashure kuyambukira manzwiro kondakita dhipatimendi kuramba optic turakiti. Visual ruzivo anopinda chikamu chepfungwa cortex uropi, riri basa processing nayo. mumwe mapazi kwakadaro iri munzvimbo occipital nharaunda. Kunouya kwokupedzisira Kutendeuka akagamuchira mashoko ari kutarisana manyawi. Ndiro huru chikamu chinooneka analyzer.

Saka, marongerwo uye kushanda kuona analyzer zvokuti kukanganisa pamusoro chero nhengo dzayo, kana vakanzwisisa anoitisa kana chokuongorora vematunhu, kunotoreva kukundikana basa rake rose. Zviri ichiita mabasa akawanda chaizvo, dzakaonda uye akakwana hurongwa.

Kutyorwa kuri kutarisana analyzer - vachiberekwa kana awana - uyewo, kukonzera zvinetso dzinokosha kunzwisisa chokwadi uye urema.