Market kudiwa. The chinodikanwa munyonga. Murairo zvitengeswa

sainzi Economic kunosanganisira dzinoverengeka pfungwa, mitemo, mirayiro, Masvomhu, hypotheses uye pfungwa. Kana mashoko haagoni kuva zvakanaka kana zvakaipa. Akafunga Economist ose amenable kuti kutsoropodzwa. Pashure pezvose, kusiyana masvomhu, chaiwo mitemo, yakadai kaviri maviri nezvina, hapana.

Izvi imhaka zvinhu zvakawanda. Chief pakati pavo yakavanzwa iri chinhu kutsvakurudza, iyo anosarudzwa zvesayenzi ichi sezvo kiyi - ukama pakati vanotongwa pamusika ukama.

How kunzwisisa izvi? Chii chakanaka mumwe, hakuna tangofanana imwe nguva dzose. Imwe neimwe yeboka kuti misika ukama hune ayo shoma utility pachake ane chigadzirwa, chigadzirwa, basa. Mumwe unobereka uye mumwe kungonyanya.

Nyaya iyi zvakajeka mumusika kudiwa, chinhu ichi charehwa munyonga, zvinhu dzinochinja ayo mwero.

mhando kudiwa

Kudzidza sayenzi iyi, upfumi, nguva dzose rinotanga utsanangurirwe Dzidziso romugove uye kudiwa. Ivo mudziyo, tichiziva kuti, unogona kutanga kuongorora zvoupfumi Links uye ukama pakati musika vechikamu.

Saka, kwokudiwa - nayo akazivisa kudiwa chero zvakanaka nyaya pamusika ukama. Somuenzaniso, kana uine mari imwe chigadzirwa raunoda, unenge kutosika munhu kudiwa rakanaka.

Mukuwedzera, kurayira kunobva pamisika elasticity, iyo inorondedzera ukama romugove uye kudiwa kuburikidza mutengo pamwero iri kudiwa zvakanaka.

In ichi Mumwewo munhu, musika uye uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. kudiwa. Vakasiyana chete ari vatori vechikamu uye musika akamboona.

Saka, munhu kudiwa - a kudiwa chigadzirwa, izvo kurarama mune imwe mutengi. Somuenzaniso, kana iwe zvakananga vanoda tangi, zviri nomumwe kudiwa kwako.

Market kudiwa - ndicho zvinonakisa zvoupfumi kukosha, izvo rinobatanidza kudiwa akawanda mumwe. Kuburikidza ichi kuti kudiwa mhando iri pakutsvaga kudiwa consignment womumwe chikamu yevatengi. Kureva, zvichienzaniswa wokutanga maonero, chiri pamwero mukuru pfungwa, izvo hakubvi rimwe nyaya musika ukama, asi yose boka.

Uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. kudiwa - Verengai vanhu vose vemo vade, izvo kurarama mune imwe kumusika. Tinogona kutaura kuti kunoratidzwa kudiwa zvose zvoupfumi vatambi pamusoro zvigadzirwa siyana, asi ari mundege mumwe kumusika, kureva kukabatanidzwa musika kudiwa.

The chinodikanwa munyonga. Murairo zvitengeswa

Nezvoupfumi nokuti unhu pfungwa vakashandisa mitemo nomumwe achiwana Masvomhu uye kuti calculators. Saizvozvo anorondedzerwa pacharo zvinoda.

Pasi mutemo kudiwa anoratidza pfungwa yokuti rezasi nomutengo chigadzirwa, zvikuru zvichaita kukwanisa kutengesa zviyero, ceteris paribus. Nokufungidzira kunoita zvachose anobata chete panguva Pakutanga, asi kuti anobvumira kuti kutora rokutanga matanho ari zvoupfumi kuongorora zvinokosheswa pamisika kudiwa.

Kana tikaongorora chinhu dzakadai elasticity zviri kudiwa, mutemo anova asina zvachose zvakarurama, asi taurira nezvazvo pashure.

Zvii zvinogona kushandiswa kuongorora kumusika kudiwa? The kudiwa munyonga chinoshandiswa kuona migumisiro vakawana ari kuunganidzwa mashoko ari kudiwa zvinhu uye mabasa. Iri girafu, riri rakanyorwa pachishandiswa dzakaunganidza mashoko pamusoro padanho kudiwa zvichienderana nokuchinja mitengo nokuda zvigadzirwa.

Somuenzaniso, tine zvinotevera mashoko:

mutengo mabasa, USD (R)	padanho kudiwa, USD (Q)
11	25
15	22
20	21
25	16

Fungidzira kuti patafura kumusoro rinotsanangura yakananga musika kudiwa. The kudiwa munyonga achava sezvinotevera:

Sezvaunogona kuona, kudiwa haisi zvakananga novimba mutengo nhumbi, uye inomiririrwa munyonga. Saizvozvowo, unogona yakanyatsotsanangura kuratidza chero musika kudiwa. The kudiwa munyonga anogara rinonyatsoratidza kuti nedoro ari mutengo zvinodiwa pamusika vechikamu.

chinodikanwa mukana wokuti vanhu vanga

Zviri pachena kuti mutengo nomumwe unoenderana padanho kudiwa. Chero upfumi, kutanga masayendisiti anogona kutsanangurwa vachishandisa yakananga inonyatsoita. Kushandisa izvi kuti yedu tsvakurudzo chinhu?

The musika kudiwa munyonga, mumwe girafu izvo anopiwa kumusoro, inogona kurondedzerwa vachishandisa yakananga inonyatsoita. Kurishandisa, unogona nyore uye chero nguva kuziva madiro vade achaita-chinja vaine nokuchinja zvakananga mitengo.

Izvi zvinobatsira chaizvo mashoko vatungamirire (mamaneja) wokutengesa, ezvokutengeserana kudzora chero emakambani, yemakambani, makambani vari mubasa Implementation upi chigadzirwa. Pashure pezvose, mune misika dzakawanda pane makwikwi, uye kudzingirirana haibatsiri havafaniri kukanganwa kuti vade inogona kuchinjwa.

Mukana wokuti vanhu vanga mumusika kudiwa munyonga rinogona kuratidzirwa sezvinotevera:

P = X - and * MUBVUNZO, apo:

X, y - parameters kuti vakawana nokuongorora mamiriro kumusika. "X" - mutengo pamwero panguva iyo kwokudiwa achava akaenzana 0. Nenguva iyo "Y" ndiye anokonzera mwero Nemikwidza hama kuti akabatana. Izvi zvinoreva kuti shanduka wechipiri anosarudza kunyatsoita izvo kwokudiwa zvinosiyana zvichienderana chikwata mutengo kuchinja.

The girafu inogona kushandiswa tsika

Kushandisa mukana wokuti vanhu vanga ichi, vari tsika, zvinova pachena kuti kumusika kwokudiwa munyonga inoratidza kuti vhoriyamu achaita kuderera rokutengesa nokuwedzera mitengo yayo. Chokwadi, unofanira kutsvaka kuti mamiriro ezvinhu, apo pane kukurukurirana sezvinobvira mitengo pamwe soro zvemaBhaibheri rokutengesa nhumbi. Chete muchiitiko ichi zvichiita kutaura kuti kambani anogamuchira kunonyanyisa mari dzavo mabasa.

Saka, mashoko inokosha romutemo kudiwa ndewokuti: rezasi mutengo P, zvikuru anogona kutenga nhumbi. Asi chete kunyanya nyaya iyi. Chii chinogona kuita musiyano?

Kubvuma sanduko - chinoita achifurira chinodikanwa

Elasticity kuti kudiwa unonzi indekisi kuti asarudze, zvichienderana nevatengi basa iri mutengo kana pachiyero mari kuti vatengi kuti kuwana zvinhu kana mabasa.

Muchiitiko chino, pedyo kutarisa mutengo elasticity kuti kudiwa.

elasticity mhando

Zvinotevera zvokuzvivaraidza kudiwa vangazivikanwa zvichienderana muenzaniso uye mhando zvoupfumi muenzaniso kuvaka musika upfumi:

1. Zvakakwana kwakavharwa nenyama.

2. Kwakavharwa nenyama.

3. Aoma kwakavharwa nenyama.

4. Inelastic.

5. Absolutely inelastic.

The mhando chakarurama rokutanga rinoreva kuti mutengi kwenhumbi haisi inokosha, ane zvakawanda Sevamiririri kana analogues, uye nokudaro kwokudiwa vachaita sei zvakasimba kuchinja mutengo. Unogonawo kutaura kuti pane chimwe chete zvinogamuchirika mutengo kuti nhumbi, iyo ichava kudiwa nayo.

Chechipiri mhando anoratidza kuti mitengo nokufamba isingasviki padanho kudiwa kuchinja. Saka kazhinji nyaya, kana chigadzirwa riri pedyo umbozha nhumbi.

In rushoma elasticity mumusika kudiwa munyonga inoratidza kuti kuchinja kwokudiwa ndiyo Proportional kuti mutengo. Iyo girafu kuti kuchengetwa kururamiswa mutsetse kuti intersects zvose namasanhu vane kure chete vavo pakutanga.

Kwete nguva dzose kudiwa kunotsamira mutengo pamusoro

Uyezve, inelastic kudiwa. Kazhinji, unogona kuonekwa ari pamusika mishonga kuti vanhu vanoshandisa ose zuva. Izvi zvingava sipo, tishu, chisvo mashizha, uye zvakafanana. Kureva vaya mapoka mishonga kuti vatengi chaizvoizvo, uye vakagadzirira kuti overpay zvishoma.

Kungavawo zvigadzirwa izvo nezvevanakomana kumusika zvikuru rakamanikana siyana, uye pamusoro payo pane vashoma Sevamiririri.

Last Kutarira zvachose inelastic kudiwa. Panyaya iyi, musika kudiwa munyonga inoratidza mamiriro ezvinhu apo kudiwa nenhumbi hakunei mutengo wayo. Ari girafu inogona kuonekwa muchimiro mutsetse kufanana mutengo akabatana.

Izvi ndizvo zvinoitika kana kuongororwa pamusika zvinodyiwa. Vangave: zvinodhaka, zvokurapa maturusi vamwe mapoka zvigadzirwa chikafu (chingwa, mvura, etc.), Utilities (mvura, magetsi, gasi), etc.

Chiizve paupenyu kwokudiwa?

The makakombama nomunhu uye musika kudiwa vari kubatsira kuongorora kutenga basa, uyewo kuwana zvakanakisisa reshiyo mutengo / vhoriyamu zvigadzirwa.

Graph The pamusoro chinoratidza kutsamira pane padanho kudiwa pamutengo nhumbi. Asi zvinokosha kuziva, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvine chokuita kudiwa. Pasi riri ndandanda:

1. Kusiyana-siyana kwakaita mitengo iri nhumbi dzinonakidza.

2. Change nezvekukosha chinotsiva zvinhu kana zvinoriumba.

3. The vanotenga simba yevatengi (mari).

4. nefashoni.

5. Mwaka.

6. Akafanotaura kuchinja pamisika (somuenzaniso, nerunyerekupe dambudziko, mitengo, etc.).

Sei iwe achagadzira kwokudiwa munyonga muzviitiko izvi?

The munyonga of zvachose musika kwokudiwa achabviswa kurudyi pamusoro chinjikira akabatana mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro:

• kwemitengo tsiva zvigadzirwa;

• zvinoriumba zvinova isingadhuri;

• achifumira nevatengi mari;

• Kushambadzira kambani kunova huru;

• kunouya nguva basa kushandisa nhumbi;

• nerunyerekupe kuwedzera mutengo nhumbi mu.

The neizvi mamiriro kuchaitika kana:

• okutsiva zvigadzirwa zvinova isingadhuri;

• zvinoriumba kuva dzinodhura;

• akawira mari vatengi;

• chigadzirwa hakuchisina vaiona mufashoni uye ano.

Zvechokwadi, zvinhu zvine chokuita padanho kudiwa zvikuru zvakawanda, uye hunogona kungoparara rinowanikwa nokushandisa yakakodzera payakavakirwa uye purogiramu.

In kushandisa ongororo zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti kumusika haasi akamira uye kunoramba Virtual, saka kushandisa kwokudiwa munyonga, uyewo maitiro kuongorora zvakanaka simba.