Mari kwerubwinyo rwakagara rwuripo-Petrine Russia: mari pachiyero

Mari chikero vacho zita ravo nokuti chimiro. pakuonekwa nowenyika chikero hove. The akachengetedzwa kusvikira nhasi mari dziri kunyanya nesirivha, imwe mari duku zvikuru vavo - kubva nemhangura. Pane kubvuma kuti paiva flakes goridhe.

Musi chaiwo pakuonekwa Banknotes iri kushandiswa matongo uye vanyori asingagoni kutsunga, asi ivo akazviratidza pamberi wechiTatar-Mongol joko. Asi avo kushandiswa kwokupedzisira anozivikanwa - ndiye mari kuchinja kuti Peter I muna 1718. Naizvozvo, nhoroondo pachikero anopfuura makore ane chiuru. Pakutanga, vakanga vasina imwe sangano. Kukosha mari chikero chirevo uremu. Silver zvinoratidza Chokwadi, vakanga mhangura anodhura. Uye zvirokwazvo sirivha panguva raikosheswa kupfuura zvino. Mumazuva iwayo, nokuti 1 giremu nendarama zvaibvumirwa anenge 10 magiramu esirivha.

Coin inogadzirwa chikero

Sezvo mari kwaikosha uremu, zviri uye chimiro vakabhadhara zvikuru sedzisina. Vakatora chimedu waya, gurwa, izvo flattened chidhindo. Chisiri chigadzirwa anogamuchira elongated, chakafanana zvikuru pamakwande hove. Image ane chitambi usingatadzi zvachose kufanira. Printing wakaiswa manually pamusoro mari akawira vanoiswa, uye tichiswedera zviri anogona kutongwa chete nevamwe denezhek kubva chete tsime. Izvi kugadzirwa zvemichina kunokonzera hapana vaviri dzakafanana zvigadzirwa. Kana waya yakanga iri yesirivha, wawana mari yesirivha flake. muchinda mumwe nomumwe aiva chemindi, saka zvakasiyana siyana hwakakura kwazvo. Kazhinji, pamusoro obverse akatakura zita mutongi, uye neizvi rakaiswa vamwe mufananidzo: ngano mhuka kana mutasvi nepfumo. Pasinei chokwadi kuti Russia yave vakabhabhatidzwa kare, zviratidzo zvizhinji yechihedheni mari zvinogona kunzi.

The mari nadzurudzo Elena Glinsky

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti uzere mari flakes vanofanira huremu 1 giremu. Asi panguva kuvapo izvi denezhek ravo uremu nguva shoma. Papera Mari inosvika chete hafu giremu. Cherechedza kuti pakutanga ari XVI remakore muupenyu hwezuva nezuva muRussia akanga kwazvo akasiyana-siyana Bank manotsi. Zvino vakadzingiswa dzose nguva uye vakanga kuchiiswa. Business inotaura zvakaitwa tanetseka chaizvo. Pane kudiwa anochinja nokuda kusikwa rakabatana mari gadziriro yacho mamiriro. Aifanira kupedza Elena Glinsky - chirikadzi Vasily III. Old mari yarambidza, itsva inogona akadhindwa chete panguva chemindi wamambo. It akatanga zita idzva - the sendi, asi kazhinji, mari icharega chete kugadzirwa rwokugadzira uye chitarisiko. Vanhu vachiri kunzi pachikero. Chete zvino chokuita nezita Kesari kweRussia Somuenzaniso, mari-anorwisa Alexei Mikhailovich.

Periodization anorwisa mari

Ancient Mari Makwande panguva ivepo, chakachinja kakawanda, izvo chokuita nezviitiko chaizvo uye dzavo kugadzirwa rwokugadzira. Saka, zvinokwanisika here kuziva zvimwe periodization. The nguva yokutanga - kubva IX uye mavambo XII remakore - dzinoratidzwa kusavapo kuRussia dzendarama dzokubudisa, sirivha uye mhangura. Zvinowanzoshandiswa vatorwa mari, uye avo vakaita zvinokosha nesimbi Gráfica, iyo anoonekwa zvikurukuru sezvo kuri chinhu chinokosha. Panguva iyoyo, akaumba mari-achirema ezvinhu Russia.

Mune XII kuna XIV remakore, panguva wechiTatar-Mongol joko, uchibereka mari dzavo zvakanga kwakaregwa.

Munguva wechitatu - kubva XIV uye mavambo XVI remakore - kudzingirira Banknotes Russian apora, asi ose muchinda feudal anowana yayo chemindi.

Danho chechina kune chokuita zvakananga ari kuchinja zvinhu Elena Glinsky: panguva ino, centralization of mari ino muMoscow.

The wechishanu kumwedzi zviri kukonzerwa nokuchinja mari mudare Peter I. Pane yaitsiva mari pachiyero, akadhindwa ari michina. Ndivo akakura yairema uye chiso ukoshi. A grade maitiro yakayerwa.

numismatists

Sezvo pachikero vari kwose kwose, mutengo wavo zvinoenderana sei zvakawanda chaizvo mari pamusoro pamusika, uyewo simbi iyo vari vakaita. The mutengo nokuti okisheni ane runako siyana kubva 140 kusvika 7000 rubles. The chinokosha ndivo mari machinda, nekuti rwemari yakaiswa vakadaro havana kuuya mhiri kazhinji. Uye kana vachiswedera mhiri, avo ezvinhu ari -shata chaizvo. Hwainyanya kota mari uye hafu mari, nekuti pane Mari idzi zvakare apo neapo. chikamu muzana yavo mined pfuma iri dikisa.