Mahara ekurapa mazvivako. Mishonga yekurapa yeimba yega yega: kuongororwa, mutengo

Maererano nemitemo iripo munyika ino yemazuva ano inofanira kunge iine nzvimbo dzekurapa. Chivako chinofanira kunge chakabatanidzwa kune imwe yepayipi huru kana kuti inofanirwa kushandiswa kwayo. Zvadaro, ngatinyatsoongororei zvinorehwa muti wekurapa kweimba yega uye sangano rekushanda.

General information

Kana tichitaura pamusoro peimba yakanaka, saka pane imwe nguva inofanira kunge iri inopisa uye inotonhora mvura. Zvakakosha pakushambidza kana kushambidza, kushamba, kushamba ndiro, kushambidza, kunwisa. Panyaya iyi, zvivako zvekurapwa kwemvura zvinoshandiswa chikamu chekushandiswa kweunyanzvi yekukurukura kwechivako. Chigadzirwa chavo ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha pakugadzira nekuvaka. Zvechokwadi, chakanakisisa chisarudzo chingave kutumira gungwa mumugwagwa unowanzodiwa. Asi haisi nguva dzose kugona kuishamwaridzana nayo kana kuti haisi zvachose. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, vadzidzisi vanovaka cesspools chaiyo. Zvisinei, sezvinoratidzira kuratidza, sarudzo iyi haina kukanganisa zvikuru. Mukuwedzera, matangi haana ngozi uye ane fetid. Nhasi zvinhu zvazvinoita zvinotora mitemo mitsva yekurapa kwemvura inosvibisa.

Zvinhu Zvikuru

Maitiro emishonga emunharaunda emunharaunda emvura yakasviba anoshandiswa pakutsvaira kwavo uye kubviswa kubva pachimiro. Dhiyabhorosi mufomu yakanatswa inowira munharaunda: rwizi, dongo, ivhu nezvakadaro. Mamiriro ekurapa emunharaunda, chaizvoizvo, ndeaya:

• Mumwe nomumwe. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvirongwa zvinoshanda zvakananga kune izvo zvinhu izvo zvavakagadzirirwa.
• Gravitational. Mune mamwe mazwi, maitiro acho anobata pamusoro wekuvhenekera kunyura kwemarara. Asi dzimwe nzvimbo dzokurapa dzomunharaunda dzakagadzirwa nemapombi.
• Biological and mechanical. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nzvimbo inoshandiswa kwemvura yakasvibiswa inoshanda nenzira yakazara. Panguva imwe chete yezvigadzirwa zvehupenyu uye mashandisiro ekutsvina uye kuparadzanisa zvinosanganiswa.
• Mhuri uye veimba. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti zvigadziriswe zvakagadzirirwa chete kusvibiswa kwemvura yakasvibiswa kubva kune mumwe munhu oga.

Ichokwadi, kune mishonga yekurapa yemunharaunda yemabhizimisi. Zvirongwa zvinoshandiswa kumagetsi zvinoshandiswa zvakagadziriswa, sezvo zvakakosha kushandisa zvakakwana zvakasvibiswa.

Kuenzanisa kwemarara

Mvura yakashambwa inoparadzaniswa kuva miviri miviri mikuru: yakasviba uye grey. Izvozvo zvinosanganisira mvura inoshandiswa kushambidza, kuchenesa, kushamba kana kugeza. Dema rinoreva kusvibiswa kwemvura kubva mudzimba. Anoumba anenge 30% yehuwandu hwemvura yakasviba. Panguva imwecheteyo, vane 90% ye nitrogen, 50% ye phosphorus uye akawanda mabhakitiriya eefecal. Zvose izvi zvinofanira kunge zvakasarudzwa uye hazvina kukwana. Nzvimbo dzekurapa kwemvura dzomugungwa dzeimba hazvifaniri kutora dutu nekudonha kwemvura. Kana zvisina kudaro, kukanganisa kushandiswa kwemashoko kunogona kunge.

Nheyo yekushanda kwemiti

Mvura inoshandiswa kwemvura inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzinoshandiswa mabhizimusi uye dzimba dzinoshandisa dhaka mumatanho maviri. Yokutanga inotanga kushambadzira kwepakutanga, yechipiri - yekupedzisira kushandiswa. Chikamu chokupedzisira chinonziwo "post-cleaning". Ngatimboongororai zvikamu zvose zviri zviviri.

Prefiltration

Inoitwa mune imwe tangi chaiyo. Inonzi kudonhedzera, kana kuti tangi yeti septic. Zvinyorwa zviripo mumvura inowedzera pasi. Nokufamba kwenguva, izvi zvinopera zvishoma nezvishoma. Muchiitiko ichi, zvimwe zvezvinosvibisa zvinopera mumvura. Izvo zvakasara vhu inowedzera pasi pasi nenzira yemaminera asina kushandiswa zvinhu. Muchengetera remvura, kuputika kana firimu (kazhinji kubva kumafuta) inoumbwa kumusoro. Nekuita kwekuvirisa kunobatsira, zvinotora mazuva matatu. Muchirevo ichi, chidimbu chinogadziriswa nehukuru hwemasanganisi ekugadzirisa, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemvura hunowira pahutano husati hwavapo. Kazhinji, basa reSeptic nderokuparadzanisa mvura kubva mumvura yakasvibiswa kubva kune zvinyorwa zvisingashandisi (nenzira yakasiyana-siyana - mechanical sludge), pamwe nekuparara kwezvisikwa zvinokonzerwa nehupenyu nekubatsirwa nevanaerobic mabhakitiriya, nguva dzose iri mumarara (biological process). Somugumisiro, mushure mokunge kusvibiswa kwekutanga, kugadzirisa slurries nekujekeswa kwezvinyorwa zvemvura zvinoitika. Pachitsva chetangi remvura, mvura inopisa inenge 65% yakanatswa.

Chikamu chechipiri

Post-cleaning inogona kuitika mumashandisirwo emarudzi akasiyana-siyana. Zvose izvi zvinogadzirwa kuti zvive nemamiriro ezvinhu akanaka (iyo inonyanya kuwanika oksijeni) yevanaerobic mabhakitiriya, nokuda kwekuti kushandiswa kwekupedzisira kwemarara kunokonzerwa nehombe ye sedimentation inoitwa. Iyo yakanyanya kufambidzana ne O _{2 ndiyo} , zviri nani ichava iyo yakasvibiswa uye inotevera kuora kweammonia uye organic nitrogen mu nitrate uye nitrites.

Biological neutralizing systems

Sande nemafuta ezvisikwa, pasi remvura, kunyanya kunyatsoshandiswa kunoshandiswa kwekurapa. Basa ravo rebasa rinokweretwa kubva pane zvakasikwa. Inokonzerwa nehutano hwemhuka yevhu yega-yakachena. Chinokosha chayo chinosanganisira kutanga kuparadzirwa kwemarara nemafuta maduku pane firiji pamusoro. Ikoko vanotanga kutaura nevanaerobic mabhakitiriya. Zvadaro, pane kucheneswa kwekugadzirisa zvishoma uye kwehupenyu, asi pasina "oksijeni nzara." Apo painobuda muhurongwa, tsvina inonatswa ne 95%. Ichi chinoratidzika chinopindirana nehutano hwakagadziriswa hunoda. Zvadaro kubudiswa kwezvinopisa mu cuvettes, mabheji uye zvimwe zvinoitwa.

Zvose zvinokurudzirwa pakusarudza VOC

Zvivako zvekurapa kwemunharaunda zvine izvi kana kuti zvinoshanda. Kuti uone huwandu hwakakodzera, zvakakosha kuwedzera kuwedzerwa kwehuwandu nehuwandu hwevanhu vanogara muchigadziro. Somuenzaniso, kuMoscow munharaunda iyi, chiyero chinobva 680 kusvika 1000 litres / zuva (zvichibva kuvanhu vana). Sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa, kuparadza, kupinda munzvimbo dzokurapa, kunofanira kuchengetwa ikoko kwemazuva matatu. Somugumisiro, izwi remugadziri anenge anenge 2 m ³ . Zvadaro zvakakosha kusarudza chinhu chakanaka chinobva kune iyo tangi yakagadzirwa. Izvi zvinokosha nekuti, kutanga, zvivako zvekurapa kweimba yega yega zvinopfigwa pasi. Nemhaka yeizvi, matanki echeptic anofanirwa kurwisana nekufamba uye kudzvinyirira kwevhu. Chechipiri, kubva mukati maro inoshandiswa nenzvimbo ine utsinye, iyo inogona kuenzaniswa nemvura yegungwa nesimba rekuparadza. Nokudaro, izvo zvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakushandiswa kwemishonga yekugadzira mishonga zvinofanira kuva zvakasimba uye zvinopesana nezvimwe zvinhu zvisingaiti, asi panguva imwechete ivo vari chiedza. Kazhinji, nokuda kwekugadzirwa kwemidziyo inoshandiswa simbi nekudzivirira kupfeka, kona yakasimbiswa uye polyethylene. Mashoko okutanga anokurumidza kuvharwa nehuroti. Vamwe vatengi vanosarudza zvivako zvesimbi. Asi nyaya iyi haina kukanganisa kumashiripiti ane utsinye. Munyaya iyi, kutarirwa kunofanira kubhadharwa nehupamhi hwekupfeka. Mukuwedzera, matangi emidziyo inofadza chaizvo uye nokuda kwekutakura kwavo unoda zvimwe zvekushandisa. Shanduro dzakasimbiswa dzimba dzakanyanyisa. Uye, sevatengi pachavo vanocherechedza, izvi zvinozara nekupinda kwemvura pasi, kana, zvakare, kusvibiswa netsvina yavo. Inonyanya kuzivikanwa pakati pevatengi nhasi i polyethylene. Vatengi vanocherechedza chiedza chavo, kurwisana nehuroti, dura. Polyethylene inopa chisimbiso chakavimbika muzvikamu. Chinhu chimwe chete chaunoda kubhadhara kune iyo simba remashoko acho.

Zvichemo zvewebsite

Paunosarudza mushure mekurapa, hurongwa hunokosha huripo hunofanira kubhadharwa kune zvakakanganiswa nevhu, chiyero chemvura yepasi. Makambani anenge ari kuiswa kwekuisa mafiristiro, semitemo, kupa huwandu hwemabasa. Inosanganisira hydrogeological tsvakurudzo, kugadzira, kudyara kwemati, kudhonza, uyewo waranti uye post-warranty kuchengetedza midziyo. Mutengo wekurapa mashizha "turnkey" unobva kune rudzi rwevhu uye ivhu remvura. Mutengo wekutumira mabasa - kubva pamabhuru makumi manomwe nemazana manomwe., Kuiswa kwekugadziriswa - kubva ku 24,200 rubles.

Ground drainage

Vazhinji venzi vemuguta remuzinda wenyika vanosarudza nzira iyi yekugadzirisa-kuchenesa, ichifunga kuti ndiyo yakajeka. Sezvo vashandi pachavo vachicherechedza, pasi remvura inopa hutano hwakanaka hwekutsvaga. Iyi nzira inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakadzika pasi pevhu uye jecha. Ground drainage chikamu chinokosha chezvipatara zvekugara. Mariri, kuburikidza nehurongwa hwepombi, tsvina inodyiswa kunzvimbo yekutsvaira kwavo kwakatevera. Ikoko ivo vanonatswa nedutu uye jecha muhupo hwevanaerobic mabhakitiriya. Izvo chete mushure meizvi, mvura inoshandiswa inoshandiswa inopinda pasi. Pakati pezvikanganiso, vatengi vanocherechedza zvishoma zvishoma zvehurongwa uye chido chekuita kuti kuve nekuwana zviduku zviduku. Kana zvisina kudaro, havazovi nenguva yekuzvinyengera. Nokudaro, kureba kwemvura kunofanirwa kuenzaniswa nekuperera kwevhu uye nhamba yemadhora. Kuisa kwegadziriro inoitwa kusvika pakadzika 0.5-0.8 m. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti pasi pe 1.2 mamita ipapo hapana vana vanaerobic mabhakitiriya. Iyo yakafara yechitsime pasi pepombi iri 1 mita. Nokuti munhu 1 anotorwa anenge mamita gumi nematanhatu (kumhanya) mvura yepamvura (maererano nehutano). Iyo yakareba urefu hwegadziriro yacho haifaniri kunge inopfuura mamiriyoni 120. Paunenge uchivaka iyi, haufaniri kuva nemiti pamwe nepombi. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti midzi yavo inopindira nekushanda kwekushandiswa kwemvura.

Kugunun'una zvakanaka

Izvo zvakagadzirirwa chinhu chine purogiramu yemhepo yakakura yehukuru. Chinangwa chekuchenesa zviduku zviduku mumiti yakakosha. Hapana pipirini yemapipu inodiwa nokuda kwekushandisa iyi. Kubva pahotera yechinomwe inonyura ichienda kunzvimbo yekrete, iyo inotakurwa nematombo uye jecha. Zvadaro marara anonatswa uye kuburikidza nemakomba ari mumadziro anoenda muvhu. Sezvo mutemo, zviyo zvinoshandiswa zvinowanzozivikanwa nevatenzi vezvikwata zviduku uko zvisingabviri kukwanisa kugadzira mvura, kana vadzidzisi vezvivako zvevanhu 1-2.

Sandu firiji

Yakagadzirirwa kuita mutoro wakakwana uye inogona kuva imwe nzira yevhu. Iyo firati yejecha, maererano nevatengi vakawanda, ndiyo yakagadzirisa mhinduro munzvimbo iyi ine yakaoma hydro-geological conditions. Chimiro icho chigadzirirwe chinyorwa. Mukati, mvura yepipipu inowanikwa mukati maviri. Munguva yekuvakwa, bvisa denga revhu, uye panzvimbo yacho uise ganda uye jecha. Zvokudya kubva kumusoro kwepasi yemapapipfu zvinopisa firiji, uye zvino, zvatocheneswa, zvinobviswa kuburikidza nekudonhera kwezinga rokutanga kupinda mune chairo rinogamuchira. Ukuru hwemuririmu unenge mamita maviri.

Biological filter

Vazhinji vagari vemuguta remuzinda wekutengesa vanofunga nezvemamiriro ezvinhu epasi rose. Izvi zvinoratidzwa nemhinduro dzakawanda dzemushandisi. Chirwere chemagetsi chinogona kushandiswa kwete chete nepamusoro yezvakaitika zvevhu nevhu uye pasi pevhu, asiwo nediki shoma rekutsvaga, kana chidimbu chekudisa chisingaiti. Mune mudziyo unouya izvo zvinonzi "kutakura" - chinhu chinotyisa uye chisina kujeka. Sezvo mutemo, pozzolan, yakawedzerwa ivhu, coke inoshandiswa. Zvinhu izvi zvose zvose firisi uye anaerobic microorganism. Kutanga-kunatswa mujekesti, mvura yakashambadzirwa inopararira kumusoro uye, kufuta, inouya pasi. Uyezve, mvura yacho inounganidza zvakanaka uye inozobudiswa mugomba.