Lithuanian nhoroondo zvishoma

Kunyange nhoroondo yezviri Lithuania - zvinonakidza uye akapfuma imwe rondedzero. KuBaltic nyika chakavapo muna guises siyana. Raiva mubatanidzwa yemadzinza yechihedheni, simba Grand Duchy, kusanganisira nouchapupu chikamu Russian nyika, nhengo pamwe wokuPoland, ruwa Russian Empire uye Federal Republic muna USSR. refu uye ichi minzwa nzira kwakatungamirira kuti chidzoke yazvino mamiriro Lithuania.

kare

Chinyakare nhoroondo Lithuania akatanga chegumi chemakore BC. e. About nguva ino munharaunda yayo tanga misha yevanhu. Neman Valley Vagari vaiita hove uye kundovhima.

Mumireniyamu yechipiri BC. e. pakati Western Dvina uye Vistula akatanga kukudziridza tsika madzitateguru emadzinza reBaltic. Vaiva bronzes vokutanga. Inenge muna VI remakore BC. e. kupararira pakati Balts simbi zvokushandisa. Nemhaka zvishandiso itsva (eg nani namasanhu) nokukurumidza kwemiti uye vakava kurima.

The pakarepo vamutangira pakati Lithuanians vaiva Aukštaitija uye Zhmud vaigara pedyo Prussians uye yatvagami. madzinza Ndivo chinoshamisa. Vose vakavigwa namabhiza vanhu vakataura chinokosha basa mhuka idzi vari ipapo Balt upfumi.

Pausiku ari kubuda ari mamiriro

Pakati mamwe madzinza Baltic Lithuanians vo hwakagara chete Slavs, uyo akarwa uye nhumbi. Vagari nomumipata yose Nemunas uye Neris aivhima kwete chete nemambure, hove uye kurima. Vakanga vaita nyuchi uye zvikaramba wakisi. Products dzavo micheto, vahedheni izvi Makatengeswa mukutsinhana dhefisiti panguva simbi uye nezvombo.

History of Lithuania zvino kufanana nhoroondo zvimwe vanhu vane dzokumaruwa pabonde. Zvishoma nezvishoma simba machinda (kunigasov). Paivawo vapristi vaydeloty. On mazororo, asi Lithuanians vakauya vamwari vavo chibayiro mhuka (uye dzimwe nguva vanhu).

Kusanganisa Lithuania

Political kuzviremekedza sangano akatora madzinza Baltic ari XII remakore, apo vokutanga vairwa muhondo dzemachechi German akatanga kuonekwa pamuganhu nyika yavo. mirayiridzo yechiKristu vakatanga kuwedzera zvechiuto, akaisa chinangwa kubhabhatidza vahedheni. Nokuda ngozi zvinobva vatorwa nhoroondo Lithuania kwakaita kuti pachikuva wayo mutsva.

Maererano rugwaro yakasainwa neDare Galicia-Volyn muchinda wayo Baltic vavakidzani pakutanga pakati XIII remakore, nyika yavo vakakamurwa pakati 21 Duke. Nokukurumidza pakati pavo akamira Mindaugas, aitonga 1238-1263 gg. Akatanga vakakwanisa zvakazara nokusangana Lithuania pasi pesimba rayo chete.

Mindaugas akanga akakombwa nevavengi. Kana hondo yakatanga pakati pake wokuLivonia Order, muchinda yechihedheni akasarudza exchange kuchiKristu. Muna 1251 akabhabhatidzwa. Izvi akabvumira Mindaugas kutsvaga rutsigiro Papa iri hondo neimwe muvengi - Daniilom Galitskim. Somugumisiro, mashoko Lithuanians akakunda Slavs. rufu Mindaugas Nguva pfupi asati zvasiya chiKristu, kuitwa yaakanga kubatwa somunhu nedzenyu rinoshamisa, uye akaita ukama Aleksandrom Nevskim, kunangana vokuGermany. Muna 1263 Mindaugas akaurayiwa vaainamata vedzinza uye Dovmont Treniota.

The Grand Duchy

The Ages Nhoroondo Lithuania akaramba maererano dzidziso kumabvazuva. Balta namachinda vakagumisa dynastic michato pamwe Rurikovich uye vaiva pasi necheSalvic simba. Sezvo kuguma XIII remakore kunotanga Lithuanian miganhu kukura. Iye ari vakabatana (kazhinji yokuzvidira) ukuru Russian, izvo, apo musingadi kubhadhara mutero kuna eMongolia, vakabatanidzwa nevavakidzani vavo.

Muna 1385 mubati Lithuania Jagiello akaita pachake pamwe Poland uye nekuda kwaizvozvi iye akasarudzwa Mambo Poland. Akabva vakabhabhatidzwa nyika yake Catholic setsika, kunyange zvazvo vakawanda Russian Orthodoxy vakaramba vachiita. Muna 1392 Jogaila akaita mutevedzeri wake Lithuania Vytautas. Pasinei kwavo chinzvimbo, mune chokwadi muchinda akaramba yakazvimirira. Patakarambana mukutanga nhoroondo Lithuania - nyika yasvika vanova simba rayo.

Muna 1410 Vytautas, pamwe Jagiello akakunda Teutonic Knights mu Hondo Grunwald, pashure iyo Knights vasisiri pangozi rusununguko zviri Grand Duchy. Kumabvazuva, Lithuania akanga yakatora kuna Smolensk, uye kumaodzanyemba nharaunda yayo kwete chete inosanganisira Kyiv, asiwo kuratidzirwa kweGungwa Dema.

Union pamwe Poland

Pakafa Vytautas muna 1430, Lithuania iri zvishoma nezvishoma vari kuramba pasi Polish simba. Zvose nyika ichitongwa madzimambo enyika Jagiellonian dzinza. Kunosimbisa kukosha dzeRoma. Around nguva ino paiva yakakurumbira Hill Michinjikwa muna Lithuania. Nhoroondo panowanikwa mumwe chikuru zvinokwezva munyika haina kuzivikanwa. Asi kuti chave kuitika emakore Lithuanians kushanyira nzvimbo iyi, uye simbisai ipapo michinjikwa. Maererano nezvinodavirwa nevakawanda, vauye rombo rakanaka.

Muna 1569, pakati Poland uye Lithuania akanga asaina Union Lublin, chakaratidza kutanga Commonwealth. Zvaisiyana uya akatora Jagiello. Kubvira ipapo, nyika mbiri mitemo namambo uyo anosarudza vakakwirira (kwamachinda). Panguva iyoyowo, uye kuPoland, uye Lithuania kuramba enzvimbo mauto uye wepamutemo gadziriro.

Chikamu Russian Empire

Kufanana nevamwe nyika ipi European, nhoroondo Lithuania akapfuma zvose nemateru makata. Muzana XVII remakore, pashure nokugarika pasi Commonwealth akatanga muitiro nezvishoma kuderera. Vakawira kubva nyika munzvimbo itsva. chinokosha chikamu Ukraine akarasika. Hunyambiri umambo rakanga pasi kumanikidzwa vaviri marudzi akapoteredza - muSweden uye Russia. Pakutanga mashoko XVIII remakore Rzeczpospolita wakapinda kubatana Peter I pamusoro hwokumusoro Air umambo, iyo yakaponesa naye kubva pedyo miganhu varasikirwa.

Sezvo Poland uye Lithuania vaiva zvoupenyu Russian simba. Pakupera ari XVIII remakore Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth yakakamurwa pakati vavakidzani makuru. Nyika yayo vakaenda Prussia, Austria uye Russia (ekupedzisira kusanganisira nhaka Lithuania). Kurasikirwa rusununguko, kuvagari Commonwealth haana kugutsikana. Muzana XIX remakore paiva Polish uye Lithuanian National yokumukira akawanda. Mumwe wavo yakawira Patriotic Hondo 1812. Kunyange zvakadaro, Russia yava wakasara navana Western kutora, izvo zvinosanganisira Lithuania. Nhoroondo yacho kwemakore akawanda hwakasimbiswa nechokuita Romanov umambo.

Kudzorerwa rusununguko

Pakatanga Hondo Yenyika First Lithuania akanga achitungamirira kurwa Germany uye Russia. Mauto eGermany kuBaltic nyika muna 1915. Tariba - In 1918, apo nokumukirana maviri raitika Russia, ari dikidiki National hurumende yakatangwa Lithuania. Kwemwedzi mishoma rakanga vakazivisa umambo. King akaziviswa Wilhelm of Urach. Nokukurumidza Zvisinei, nyika ichiri ane zvokuvhoterwa.

Lithuanian nhoroondo remakore rechi20 hwachinja nokuda Soviet Russia. The Red Army dzatora nharaunda kuBaltic States muna November 1918. The Bolsheviks vakabata Vilnius. It akasikwa kubudikidza Omani Soviet Republic, zvakarudzwa akabatanidzwa pamwechete Belarusian. Asi nokuda zvakaoma ezvinhu panorumwe fronts of Red Army of Civil War vaisagona kugara Baltics. Lithuania akanga vakasunungurwa kuitwawo nevanotsigira cherusununguko. Muna 1920, munyika dzakasaina chibvumirano pamwe RSFSR runyararo chibvumirano.

Interbellum

Zvino kuti munhu mutsva yakazvimirira Lithuania, nhoroondo vaisagona kuenda siyana. The nyika akawana pacharo ari quandary. Vilnius akaramba kutongwa pedyo Poland. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, guta guru (nezvenyama) akanzi kuKaunas. The dzakawanda kwakaita aiziva rusununguko Lithuania zvinoenderana Chibvumirano Versailles.

Muna 1926, kuBaltic nyika yakazununguka zvemauto akabvuta chigaro. Vakauya simba, kuti nationalist Antanas Smetona, uyo akasimbisa ane anomanikidza hwechiKomonisiti. Nokuti kunze chibatiso masvingo Lithuania nevavakidzani vayo (Latvia uye Estonia) vakaumba sungano pakati kuBaltic Entente. zviyero izvi havaridziviriri duku inoti pachisimba. Muna 1939, Nazi Germany akapa kokupedzisira kuna Lithuania, maererano iyo iye akapa Third Reich dzichipesana Klaipeda.

Hondo Yenyika II

Pausiku Hondo Yenyika II, Soviet Union uye Nazi Germany akasaina Molotov-Ribbentrop chibvumirano, maererano iyo kuBaltic States akapinda nokure simba yeSoviet Union. Nepo vokuGermany vakakunda Western Europe, kuti Kremlin akaronga accession pamusoro kuEstonia, Latvia uye Lithuania. Muna 1940, nyika yose mitatu yakanga kwakamutsa kokupedzisira zvakaoma kubvuma kuti ayo kundima mauto eSoviet uye yeutongi kutora simba.

Saka nhoroondo Lithuania, pfupiso iri kunoshamisa chaizvo, akanga zvakare nechokuita Russia. Smetona vakatama, uye munyika zvakarambidzwa sangano chero enyika. Muzhizha 1940 zvakaguma paumbwe Omani SSR, uye waibatanidzwa USSR. Vavengi hurumende yeSoviet vakatambudzwa uye kuSiberia. From 1941-1944. Lithuania, uyewo muHondo Yenyika I, yakanga pasi neGermany.

Lithuanian SSR

Pashure peHondo Yenyika II, Nezvagara Zviripo haina rakadzorerwa. Lithuania akaramba ari USSR. zvokuvhoterwa ichi chaiva chete muSoviet Union ane veKaturike vakawanda. Russification uye kumanikidzwa pamusoro chechi haina kufanana yakawanda Lithuanians. Yaizotangira Kusagutsikana kwakaitika muna 1972 apo dissident Calantha Romas kwakaitika kuKaunas, kuzvidzora immolation.

Zvisinei, kudzoreredza uchangamire yayo Lithuania aigona chete pashure pamavambo Gorbachev kuti perestroika. Muna 1990, Dare Council of Republic vakagamuchira Ita nyika rusununguko. Mukupindura, vatsigiri hurumende yeSoviet akasika National Salvation Committee. At chikumbiro chake, kuti Lithuania mauto akapinda USSR. Panguva Kusanzwisisana muna Vilnius muna January 1991, vanhu 15 vakafa. Nhasi, vakaurayiwa makakatanwa vanoonekwa Lithuanian yenyika magamba.

modernity

Moscow akaziva rusununguko Lithuania pashure yaAugust kubvuta masimba. ReBaltic mamiriro pakarepo zvava kuMadokero. Muna 2004, Lithuania akava nhengo European Union uye NATO, uye muna 2015 vakatanga kushandisa Euro currency mairi.

Modern reBaltic mamiriro chinhu zvokuvhoterwa. Musoro nevarikutonga bazi, purezidhendi akasarudzwa kuti izwi kwemakore mashanu. Nhasi, nzvimbo iyi inoitwa Dalia Grybauskaite. paramende Lithuanian rinonzi Diet. Mariri 141 MP. Dzimwe nhengo dzeParamende vanosarudzwa nokuda zvakavhenganiswa hurongwa.