Liberal Party aiva chii? The inotungamirwa ezvematongerwo enyika

In tsarist Russia aiva Liberal Party pamusoro kweBumbiro Democrats, kana, mune rakapfupikiswa, ivo Cadets. Muna State Duma mangwanani XX remakore yakanga akapa uye nemamwe masangano enyika ane purogiramu yakafanana. Somuenzaniso, dzakadaro "Union of October 17".

The kwaita worupo kumapati

Muna 1905, pashure pokukundwa Russia muna kundorwa Japan, paiva chimurenga wokutanga Russian. Nicholas II akanga asingakwanisi vasachiziva nechisimba, aifanira kupa vavengi vake. October 17, 1905 akapa Manifesto, maererano izvo Russian Empire akasimbisa State Duma.

Mauto Political, kushorwa kusvika ipapo umambo pakupedzisira ndawana mukana kuita zvemitemo mumunda. Maiva muna 1905, maiva chaiwo democratic sangano.

Cadets

Pakati mapato yakabuda yaiva norupo Constitutional Democratic Party (sezvo rainzi vanhu Freedom Party). Chisarudzo pamusoro nechitarisiko sangano iri rakatorwa muna July 1905 unotevera Congress of zemstvos. Saka, bato vaisanganisira vanhu vakambotadza aishanda mumaruwa makanzuru. Ivo, kupfuura munhu, vaiva pedyo noupenyu vanhu vanhuwo vaigara mumaguta Russian Empire.

Dzakavamba Congress yakaitirwa Moscow muna October 1905. The First Chigaro panguva paiva vakawanda parinouya, kwevashandi pakufamba mabasa vashandi uye kunyange Kusanzwisisana. In ezvinhu aya akaoma uye akatanga mabasa avo Cadets. Party mutungamiri Paul Miliukov akasarudzwa - anozivikanwa publicist uye wenhoroondo.

Constitutional Democratic nevanovhota

Sezvo Liberal Party aiva Cadets, ayo nevanovhota kwaisanganisira vakadzidza uye kwamachinda Zemsky, dzinoratidzwa mberi aifarira-Western maonero. The sangano pacharo rinoumbwa vamiririri madhorobha bourgeoisie, vadzidzisi, vanachiremba uye dzimwe Varidzi. Kana political sunungukei mapato ndivo SR, zvichava mutsigiri rinoona nezveBumbiro reMitemo Democrats. Asi Social-kuipandukira zvakasiyana leftist. Kuti vakanga vakabatana nevashandi. With izvi akabatanidza yakaderera kukurumbira pakati Cadets iri proletarian zvakatipoteredza.

Uyezve, Milyukov neshamwari kubvira pakutanga ivepo, akaisa ayo zvinotyisa pamusoro chinhu, kuti vabudirire pazvinangwa zvavo kuburikidza nzira dzeparamende uye kurerutsa nezviremera. Kana chikamu vashandi muna 1905, uye kutsigira sangano, munguva akaenda Socialist kana Bolsheviks.

Liberal kadheti Party aiva, saka iye vakatsigira February Revolution. Maiva muna 1917, zvakanga ruzivo ichatonga zvine mbiri yayo. Kuwanda vanhu kubatana sangano, ikawanda kanoverengeka. Miliukov akagadzwa Minister of Foreign Affairs yeRussian dikidiki Government.

kadheti chirongwa

Constitutional Democratic chirongwa zvaisanganisira dzenhoroondo worupo kumapati zvinhu. Vaitsigira pfungwa wakaenzana vagari vose Russian pasinei nechitendero, nyika uye munhui. Milyukov nevatsigiri vake vaifunga zvakakodzera kuvapo rusununguko rwokutaura, hana, pachaunga kushamwaridzana uye neungano. Vazhinji izvi zvinodiwa zvakaitwa mushure 1905 chimurenga. Panguva iyoyowo, nokuti nzvimbo yacho Milyukova vatsigiri akatsutsumwa kurwisa hurumende maitiro akauya panguva wemakurukota Petra Stolypina.

Kutaura zvazviri, kadheti Party - Liberal Democratic Party. The dzematongerwe wesangano iri, kunyanya, kunosanganisira pfungwa pose suffrage. Uyewo, Constitutional Democrats vakanga vachida rusununguko munyika tsanangudzo vemadzinza akasiyana venyika hwacho. Yaiva rakapinza zvikuru chepurogiramu, nokuti haasati dzagadziriswa mubvunzo wePolish. Chero Liberal Democratic Party ndiro zvichida wokutanga uye chikuru chinodiwa yakazvimirira edzimhosva. Kadheti rakanga rakawanda pamutemo nyanzvi uye magweta. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvose aronga mabhiri mapato zvakasiyana zvakadzama uye kufanoronga.

Socialist zviri purogiramu Constitutional Democrats vakanga wakaratidzwa ndima iri Kuturwa 8-awa rokushanda. Inenge zvose masangano ari State Duma vaiva chibvumirano ne zvinodiwa ichi. Naizvozvo, munhu mutsva basa mutemo chaizvo rikadzoserwa apo Imperial simba.

End of bato

Pausiku yaOctober Revolution, ivo Cadets, aimbova mufundisi ari dikidiki Government, akanga asungwa. Gare gare muna etorongo vamwe vakakurumbira bato nemifananidzo, kunze vaya akakwanisa kutiza munyika. Vamwe vevaya vasungwa vakanga achitungamirira pena panguva Civil War.

Asi kunyange November 1917, Cadets vaifanira kutora chikamu mune sarudzo kusvika Constituent Assembly. Vakazozvinzwisisa yakawanda mavhoti, sezvo vaiva chete zvakakomba Anti-Bolshevik simba. Constitutional Democrats rinotsigirwa kunyange vaimbova vavengi (kunze yakakura kuruboshwe). Zvisinei, December 12, 1917 Council Vanhu vaJehovha Commissars vakaziva Cadets 'Party vavengi vevanhu. " The sangano rakarambidzwa. Kadheti mutungamiri Milyukov akakwanisa kutiza kuRussia. Akafa muna France muna 1943.

Octo pati

Chimwe chinokosha sangano asara mwero kodzero-bapiro mapato ari Liberal Democratic Party Octo. rutsigiro wake vaiva vanamuzvinabhizimisi vakapfuma uye varidzi makuru. Party ainzi Munongedzo kuna October 17, 1905 - musi kusaina pakati Manifesto, uyo akapa zvakawanda rusununguko kana yokutanga Russian chimurenga.

Musoro sangano rakanga Alexander Guchkov. Muna 1910-1911 gg. Akanga kunyange sachigaro State Duma III. Muna dikidiki Government Octo mutungamiri akagamuchira Portfolio kuna Minister Hondo uye Navy. Panguva yaifamba 1905-1906. bato kwaisanganisira 75 zviuru vanhu. The Union yaOctober 17 akanga yayo pepanhau "Voice of Moscow".

hurumende nevatsigiri

In yokutanga maviri State Dumas octo zvakanga zvishoma (16 uye 43 azvaitwa). The budiriro akauya bato mushure June 3, 1907 Akave nokuvandudza murairo nesarudzo. The nadzurudzo kwakaderedza nhamba Socialist vari muparamende. Panzvimbo yavo wakasvika yakawanda Octo, ane nhamba yasvika 154. The kukurumbira huru yebato nokuti kuti zvinotora mwero nechinzvimbo uye akava chinhu mumagariro nzwisisa.

Octo ndamboenda hwakare, kunyange pedyo kupfuura Cadets. At vevatariri Guchkov akavimba Pyotr Stolypin, apo hurumende akaedza kusunda kubudikidza Duma gwaro vasingadzikurudzire asi zvakakodzera kuchinja. ungano mbiri yokutanga State Duma vakanga nechisimba emauto akadzingwa mabasa chete nekuti dzimwe nhengo dzeParamende iwayo dzaiwanzova Socialist uye akamira kuti mitemo.

Kana munhu akarurama ane veboka RSDLP enyika, iye vangadai kukurukurwa uyewo. Asi Bolsheviks kubva pakutanga zvakanga zvisina chete Socialist, asi akashandisawo echimurenga nzira hondo nehurumende. Octo aidawo kuunza shanduko mune rugare nzira, nokutsvaka zvibvumirwano hurumende.

paradzanisa Octo

Muna 1913 makanga mahwanda pakati vatsigiri Guchkov. Sezvo Liberal ari veboka Octobrists political, nokuti chikamu kwave zvikuru kuremekedza dzokunamata takasununguka muRussia. Asi pashure yokuRussia chimurenga chekutanga, hurumende aenda pamusoro reactionary matanho vavengi vavo inveterate. Octo akazviratidza pakati boka kuti kusunungurwa raipikisa chisarudzo. Gwaro akanga yakasainwa nehurumende akapomerwa kutyora kodzero dzevanhu vayo Russian.

Somugumisiro, bato zvikwata matatu State Duma. Paiva kuruboshwe bapiro inotungamirirwa Guchkov nezvakarurama Zemstvo-Octobrists, ane mutungamiriri aiva Mikhail Rodzianko. Also vakaparadzana ne boka duku akazvimirira vevatariri. Party dambudziko rakatanga. Akapfiga pepanhau "Voice of Moscow" muna 1915. Haasisina kuti paKokorodzano ne Central Committee. Saka, Octo anyangarika enyika munda nyika isati chimurenga uye Bolshevik chimurenga. Kuruboshwe bapiro webato achipinda ari Progressive Bloc. Vamwe vaimbova vatungamiriri Octo akanga akakurumbira enyika inofananidza Russia kusvikira muzhizha 1917.