Leh Valensa: Biography, mhuri, zvematongerwo enyika, mibayiro

Leh Valensa (akaberekwa 29/09/43 muna Popowo, Poland) - imwe nemumiriri vakabatsira chimiro uye akatungamirira (1980-90) kutanga akazvimirira yokutengesera Kubatanidzwa Communist Poland "kubatana." The rerunziro mutungamiri kwemamiriyoni vashandi Polish akava mutungamiri (1990-95). Muna 1983 akagamuchira Nobel Peace Prize.

Leh Valensa: Biography

Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II muna ndakabatikana Poland Walesa baba Boleslav asati aberekwa zvaakawanda akanga mujeri muna mumusasa wechibharo muna 1945, akafa kuneta uye akagamuchira kurohwa vasati vasvitsa makore 34. mai vake, Felix aiva simba guru mwanakomana wake. Mupristi womunzvimbo anoyeuka wake se "anouya mukadzi akachenjera." Munhu

Walesa aiva mediocre mboni wechikoro yeko, uye ipapo kudzidza mamiriro yekosi chikoro muna Lipno, apo iye specialized magetsi. C 1961 kusvika 1965 iye aishanda musimboti basa imotokari.

Kwemakore maviri akashanda muchiuto, apo akagamuchira chinzvimbo koporo.

Electricians shipyard

Muna 1967, Leh Valensa akatanga kushanda zvemagetsi panguva rakakura Shipyard. Lenin muna Flughafen. Muna 1970 akapupurira chikafu nemhirizhonga umo mapurisa vakauraya demonstrators akawanda. Kana kuratidzira itsva pamusoro yechiKomonisiti noutungamiriri Poland akatanga muna 1976, akaonekwa somunhu Anti-hurumende wesangano rinomirira kodzero, zvichiguma basa akarasika.

Muna August 1980, apo Flughafen shipyard yakanga takurirwa Kuratidzira, zvinokonzerwa ndichifumira chikafu mitengo, Leh Valensa akakwira pamusoro fenzi uye akabatana vashandi zvebhizimisi, uyo iye akasarudza sezvo musoro wavanozvisunga dare, mvumo kutaurirana yevatungamiriri shipyard.

Mushure 3 Mazuva zvinodiwa chakagamuchirwa, asi kana vashandi inosvetukira dzimwe miti Flughafen zvaakawanda akakumbira kuti murambe wavanozvisunga, akabva akabvuma. Akatungamirira interplant parinouya, kuunganidzwa emakambani munharaunda Flughafen-Sopot-Gdynia. Komiti akaisa mberi dzinoverengeka vakashinga enyika zvinodiwa, kusanganisira kodzero kubaya paumbwe vakasununguka zvokutengeserana mibatanidzwa, uye akazivisa zvayo ranwa. Achityira yakakurumbira nokumukira, vakuru vakuru vechiKomonisiti kuti conceded huru zvinodiwa vashandi, uye musi waAugust 31, yakanga yakasainwa chibvumirano achivapa kodzero kuronga zvakasununguka uye yakazvimiririra. The kusaina yakanga wakapindwa Mechislav Yagelsky, First wemutungamiri wehurumende kwePoland, uye Leh Valensa. Biography of mutungamiriri wesangano rinomirira sangano yachinja zvakare: nayo akadzorerwa muna Flughafen Shipyard ndokunanga National Kufambisa Commission.

yokubatana

Kamwe, pavakanzwa kuti chibvumirano ichi chinokosha mamiriyoni 10 vashandi Polish uye varimi vakabatana semiautonomous dzaishandiswa mibatanidzwa, Interfactory amurove Dare tinoshandurirwa National Federation of Trade Unions pamwe Walesa sezvo sachigaro wayo uye Chief Rinomiririra. Muna October, kuti "kubatana" wezvokutengeserana mubatanidzwa akanga pamutemo kuzivikanwa nehurumende Polish, akatungamirirwa neMweya Federation uye zvaakawanda iri achisangana nemasimba, rinongotaura mano reSoviet uto kupindira.

Leh Valensa: Nobel Prize

Federation kukunda akaratidza ephemeral. Muna December 1981, hurumende yePoland akaiswa pasi mutemo wechiuto, "kubatana" riri kurambidzwa uye vazhinji vatungamiriri ayo vakasungwa, kusanganisira Leh Valensa, ane Biography makapfumiswa gore mujeri. Awarding naye 1983 Nobel Peace Prize kwave vakatsoropodza nehurumende wePolish. Achityira somupoteri pasingadiwi, akaramba kuPoland, uye mudzimai wake, Danuta Walesa, akaenda Oslo, Norway, kubvuma mubayiro nokuda kwake.

Election kukunda

Somutungamiriri pachivande kufamba "kubatana", Walesa akanga pasi kugara kunetswa kusvikira nguva akadai imwe kudzikira mune mamiriro ezvoupfumi, uye wave chitsva basa Mhirizhonga 1988 kumanikidzwa hurumende Polish kwete kutaurirana naye uye nevamwe vatungamiriri mubatanidzwa. Dzavo Zvakaguma chibvumirano, icho unovandudzwa pamutemo kuti "kubatana" uye hwatenderwa sarudzo kuti vashomanana akakwirira yakadzorerwa yepamusoro imba yeparamende. Muna June 1989, sangano akave nokugamuchira ruzhinji nzvimbo idzi, uye pashure Walesa vakaramba panyaya kuti vaumbe hurumende yemubatanidzwa pamwe vaKomonisiti, Parliament akamanikidzwa dzinobvumira Cabinet vashumiri vachitungamirirwa "kubatana", kunyange zvazvo vakaramba kuva mutungamiri waro, Prime Minister.

Head wehurumende

Muna 1989, Walesa akabatsira ake pamwe bhururu Tadeusz Mazowiecki kuva Premier kwehurumende iyi, asi akazivisa candidacy ake pamusoro pake kuti mutungamiri muna 1990 uye akahwina wokutanga zvakananga musarudzo muPoland nevanhu ruzhinji.

Sezvo President Polish Walesa akabatsira kuchengeta sarudzo dzeparamende muna 1991 uye akatora mugove kuchinja National upfumi kune vakasununguka kumusika. Akaratidza kunoshamisa unyanzvi enyika ave mutungamiriri "kubatana", asi nyore mubvunzo wake, kusakakavadzana manyorerwo uye kuramba wokumborerutsa kwazvo kurambidzwa pamuviri kunge vasanyanya mukurumbira wake pakupera gavhuna muhofisi. Muna 1995, aiitawo sarudzo, asi vakakundwa aimbova Communist Aleksandra Kvasnevskogo, mukuru Democratic Left Alliance. Kamwe zvakare Walesa akamhanya mutungamiri wenyika muna 2000, asi akagamuchira chete chikamu mavhoti. Muna 1997 yaakasimbisa takananga rezvematongerwo enyika "Christian Democracy III Republic of Poland."

Kushaya hanya kubva zvematongerwo enyika

Somugumisiro pokukundwa 2000 Walesa yakazivisa mudyandigere yake kubva zvematongerwo enyika. Zvadaro, iye chose nguva yake vachishanda panguva sangano muzita rake, iro yaakasimbisa muna 1995 kuti zvinozivisa mashoko pamusoro nebudiriro "kubatana", inoita kuti pave nevanhu uye kuvaka veruzhinji muPoland uye munyika.

Muna August 2006, Walesa akazivisa mudyandigere yake kubva yakazvimirira wesangano rinomirira mu kutsutsumwa panguva rutsigiro raro mubato "Chakanaka uye kururamisira» (PiS), uyewo zvaakawanda uye Yaroslava Kachinskih, mapatya, uyo kamwe akabata nzvimbo vakakurumbira "kubatana "uye akava purezidhendi uye mutungamiriri wehurumende, ukuwo. Maererano naye, sangano rava mutorwa kwaari, raiva rimwe ichikosha, dambudziko yachinja uye vanhu. Zvikurukuru, iye akashora kudzingwa kaczynski vanhu chokuita vehurumende yaimbovapo rechiKomonisiti oedza kubudisa ndandanda vashandi PiS yaitonga mapurisa epachivande, Poland.

Kubvira 2004, izvozvo inoshanda Flughafen yendege zvaakawanda Wałęsa. Dzinoungana uye migwagwa zita rokukudza aimbova mutungamiriri "kubatana", dziri muUnited States, Canada, uye France. Muna 2009 aiva shongwe iri mukoto wePolish Nobel Prize vakundi.

Muna 1981, "Nguva", akava wokutanga Pole kuti paakavapa musoro "Man Pagore" magazini. From Queen Elizabeth II Anogamuchidza Leh Valensa akanga paakavapa musoro Honorary yeDare Order of Bath. Uyewo paakavapa zvirevo zvakawanda uye Medals ose dzimwe nyika, mune Vol. H. Presidential menduru yeUnited States Freedom, French Legion Kukudzwa, sezvakarayirwa "pahwaro Italian Republic", iro Swedish Order of Seraphim, weDanish Order of Elephant, kuFinnish Order of White Rose, yechiPutukezi Order of Liberty uye ari infante Dona Enrike, Norwegian Order of St. Olav, Ukrainian Order of Prince Yaroslava Mudrogo, Czech Order of White shumba, Order "Nokuti pahwaro Federal Republic of Germany", iro Chilean Order chokuita, asi Estonian numéro Ene Cross Mary Land, UNESCO menduru uye nevamwe.

upenyu Personal

November 8, 1969 Leh Valensa akaroora Danuta Golos. Vaviri ava vakava 8 vana: Bogdan (1970), Slawomir (1972), Przemyslaw (1974), Jaroslav (1976), Magdalena (1979), Anna (1980), Maria-Victoria (1982) uye Brigid (1985). Yaroslav Valensa akavawo wezvematongerwe enyika uye aiva nhengo yeparamende muna 2005-2009, uye kubva 2009 iye akasarudzwa kuti European Parliament.

Muna 2008, zvaakawanda Walesa zvakaitwa coronary tsinga stenting uye pacemaker iiswe.

Agent Bolek

Kwemakumi emakore, aichimbova purezidhendi Poland, akapomerwa pakuti mune 1970 aiva Informant nokuda yechiKomonisiti basa zvakavanzika, kunyange zvayo categorical pemitongo uye chisarudzo chinokosha dare muna 2000, kubvisira nayo mhosva kubatirapamwe. Zvisinei, kuti hype yakapoteredza mhosva idzi akasimuka 2008 zvakare. Ipapo bhuku rakabudiswa, gamba iri kuridzwa Leh Valensa. mutungamiri Biography mubatanidzwa akanga vaisanganisa ne chokwadi izvo zvinoratidza kuti kubvira 1970 kusvika 1976, akashanda se zvokushandiswa kuchengeteka mabasa pasi codename Bolek. Nyaya akamutswazve muna February 2016, apo Institute of National Remembrance, zvakagadzirirwa kuongorora Nazi uye yechiKomonisiti wokuPoland, akabva chirikadzi yaimbova gurukota Internal Affairs nezvinhu, maererano iyo Walesa aiva mutengesi kuchengeteka mabasa. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, rakachengetedzwa kuwanikwa pamwe Security Council, akaita rwake risiti mari, yepachivande uye mishumo pamwe muchivande mumiririri Bolek. Leh Valensa pachake vakaramba ndingangokuvara nderechokwadi magwaro uye kwakaratidza kuti pane anogona dzaishandiswa kurekodha achitorwa kubva kwaari panguva kutsvaka.