"Lee-Enfield" - British pfuti. Description, unhu, mapikicha

World Armory Nhoroondo anoziva nyaya dzakawanda apo vamwe pfuti rinova "chiso" chaiyo nguva yake. Izvi zvakanga "trehlineyka" yedu, iroro pfuti aiva "Lee-Enfield". Kusvikira ikozvino, vateresi munyika anogona forogo panze chero kwaye jackpot rombo vanogona kudzibayira nzwisa ichi chombo zvakakwana ezvinhu. MuUK pachayo iri mhando nepfuti zvakafanana kukosha, izvo tine kunozivikanwa "mosinka".

Ayakaita?

Kokutanga ane Chirungu pfuti iyi mhando rakagamuchirwa kubva Royal Army muna 1895. Kutaura zvazviri, aiva zvakananga mugadzi pamusoro pfuti "Lee-Enfield" muna 1853. Sezvineiwo, chepakutanga chombo iri zvakasikwa zvakananga kuti upfu dema. Kana isu kuedzwe cartridges mutsva noutsi-isina ivhu, kamwe zvakava pachena kuti chombo kushandiswa zvachose kukodzera.

The British aifanira kukurumidza kuva mudhiramu itsva akasiyana configuration pamusoro rifling. Chokwadi, inini shandurudzo nesimbi zvinotyisa. "Chipo" chake chitsva "Lee-Enfield" zvizere akaratidza panguva ropa Boer War.

Kana uine mwana verenga uchinzvera enganonyorwa, pamwe iwe kuyeuka "Boers" uye "mibatanidzwa", vachibvumira kurova munhu anokumhan'arira pamwe yakakurisa panguva marefu. Kutaura zvazviri, kazhinji kacho yakanga zvakafanana pamusoro British "Lee-Enfield", sezvo Boers (Dutch colonists) rinoshandiswa vakawanda German "Mauser".

Sezvineiwo, zvigadzirwa German muhondo iwayo aiva nani zvikuru, asi zviri nyika British touted pfuti yake, iyo kubva kazhinji akaritumidza "shava."

Akaratidza kuti African zviitiko?

Britain akakunda hondo, asi CSKA vakatambura zvikuru kubva chaiwo "Mauser". Hazvishamisi kuti vakanga akumbira kukurumidza dikidiki nepfuti dzavo. Ndokusaka muna 1903 muenzaniso itsva - SMLE Mk I. Chii chinoita kuti vakasiyana ayo vamutangira?

Zvichitevera muenzaniso vokuGermany, Britain akasarudza kuita chimwe chinhu zvenguva pakati emauto carbine uye "kuzadzisa" nepfuti kukura (se "Mauser K98"). Izvi zvakanga zvakasiyana chinhu chine musoro mhinduro, sezvo kare muhondo zvakava pachena kuti vatasvi vemabhiza vakanga kudukupiswa uye kuti masoja bhiza nguva dzose kuti dismount kuti moto muhondo muoti.

Muna 1907 vakatanga kushandisa nadzurudzo akatora SMLE Mk.III, iyo inozivikanwa nokuva mukana nokukurumidza kuchaja Via clip. pfuti iyi "Lee-Enfield" raishandiswa chaizvo muHondo Yenyika I uye yakanaka zvakaratidza pacharo. Masoja vakada pfuti iyi yakakwirira nemazvo uye kururama. Muna 1916 nayo kushandisa "zvenguva" shanduro pfuti, izvo zvinogona kuitwa pamusoro itsanangudzo ano, kuti munguva yehondo zvinhu chaizvo okushamisira.

The zvombo saka akaita varwi?

Pasinei vamwe zvazviri akura "akanyengera", Britain vakakwanisa pave chombo zvikuru yakavimbika. Pane zviitiko apo mauto akaputirwa shutter jikichira dhende, uye ipapo akaramba kurwa kunyange avete mvura kuhondo. Patinosangana kuramba yokurwiswa guru pfuti apo zvose zviri pemigero inofambidzana akafuka gobvu rukoko madhaka uye jecha, rakavimbika nepfuti izvi kwaingova chipo chinobva kumusoro.

pakuzadzisa

Before Hondo Yenyika II rakagamuchirwa kubva nadzurudzo of SMLE No.1 (SMLE No.4 Mk. I). zvakagadzirwa Major kunge kunetseka kusikwa kupfuura akaomarara hunde, zviri nyore uye manufacturable receiver. Uyewo, apo paiva nyore shure kuona, kuwedzera zvikuru kururama aiming uye moto.

Kana tikaenzanisa nepfuti itsva kwokutanga okunatsiridza, yava kunyanya nyore uye hwakavimbika. zvombo Service vanotanga unoparadza ndoda nguva. shutter nzira rakapfupika, zvinogona nokukurumidza uye nyore juggle. Pakupedzisira, mwero pfuti ichi kokutanga akapfuura kuti ari "Mauser".

Pamusoro "uremu" zvainyanya kuitwa

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti masoja yeBritain akacherekedza mumwe chete drawback - kurema. mumwe nadzurudzo wechishanu chete kwaiyerwa 3,3 makirogiramu, uye dzimwe dzakasiyana vose vakanga vari kuwanda 4 makirogiramu (pfuti No. 4 Mk. Ndakayerera 4.11 kg). Ukuwo, "mosinka" yedu bhayoneti akadhonza zvose 4,5 makirogiramu, saka kuti chinetso ichi mubvunzo pamusoro vamwe vakwikwidzi. Zviya, "Mauser K98" uye rairema makirogiramu anenge 4.1, saka pano - zvizere parity.

Mapfuranhunzi "modding" uye dzimwe okunatsiridza

Pahwaro wekupedzisira nadzurudzo akatanga kusika uye mapfuranhunzi nepfuti, sezvo kudiwa siyanei chikamu zvombo kuti "sharpshooters" panguva iyoyo yaiva pachena. Zvisinei, Britain haana kusvika kugadzira ari munhu conveyors: nyore kusarudza zvombo kubva rwevanhu murwi, inobva rakawedzera zvakarurama uye kururama (saizvozvo kuti tiri kuita kuti Wehrmacht). Mazita mapfuranhunzi okunatsiridza - SMLE No.4 Mk. I (T).

Muna 1944, zvikuru kurwa yakavapo Burma uye dzimwe nzvimbo Asia, apo Britain vakaedza kudzinga Japanese, uyo nyore Pinda kubva British pakutanga kweHondo Yenyika II. Rakakurumidza pachena kuti mutemo inifanduri pfuti mumasango vanonzwa vachinyara chaizvo nokuti refu dhiramu ichikutadzisa zvikuru rusununguko rinoshamisa.

Nokuda kweizvi, vagadziri zvakakurumidza yakasimbiswa chivhorovhoro No. 5 Mk. I Jungle carbine. In pfuti iyi nokupenya suppressor akanzi, uye aiva mupfupi zvikuru mudende uye forend. Asi kumasoja nadzurudzo iyi nezvikonzero zvakasiyana siyana vaisada muchiuto, muenzaniso uyu haasi kushandiswa nevakawanda.

Zviya, chii kuwanda moto chombo? Zviri zvikuru hunoshamisa: iri kugadziriswa kutanga - 2743 metres, panguva pfuti No. 5 Mk. I Jungle - 1000 mamita. Chokwadi, zvose izvi - "bhiza ari Vacuum", kubva muna tsika, zvokurwisa kuwanda moto hapana kupfuura 500-900 metres, asi nemigumisiro izvi (kunyange mitemo yanhasi) zvakanaka chaizvo. For pedyo rwisana rakagadzirwa bhayoneti, "Lee-Enfield" akanga vakapakata anoyevedza chipande, iyo ichiri vanoonga zvikuru kuti vateresi.

Tales uye "kuvhima tsika"

Up kusvikira mukupera 50-ies wekupedzisira remakore, zvombo izvi Vakanga vakabata yeHumambo Army. Pfungwa, nepfuti rimwe pamusoro mienzaniso vanongogona nyore kuwanikwa munyika idzodzo dzaiva British dzaitongwa. Zvinozivikanwa kuti Mujahideen muna Afghanistan ari kushingaira kushandiswa "Enfields" ari kurwisa masoja edu. Panguva dzechembere zvinorondedzera kushandiswa chaiyo iri "Boers", yava kubva vaunganidza zhinji.

Somuenzaniso, zvinokwanisika kuti anobvumirana ndechokuti bara vanogumurwa kubva kare Chirungu pfuti, chaizvoizvo anotyora mutemo mauto flak bhachi. Asi nyaya chakaparadzwa warrior vashandi keriya ...!? Kuti vakariisa zvinyoronyoro, mashoko aya kukonzera chokwadi pakati nyanzvi sezvo zvombo BTR-70/80 munhare, kunyange asiri nezvechii, caliber 12.7 mm. Panewo mashoko kuti kubva "Boers" Soviet chokufambisa helicopters varohwa kakawanda.

With ichi, unogona kubvumirana: kuti "MI-8" zvombo haisi seboka, saka hapana chinoshamisa mu Zvikamu kwakadaro imomo. Pashure pezvose, yokuVietnam US "Hugh" Anonziwo agogodza kubva nyore nepfuti munguva Second World War. Muchidimbu, nharo nharo pamusoro zvakanakira nekuipira "Enfield" kuitwa saka kure, uye havagoni kuona mugumo.

rwokugadzira unhu

Kubva STRUCTURAL nemaonero ane Chirungu pfuti ari mumiririri chaiwo kubva chombo ne Chinyorwa Reset uye zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope bhaudhi. The chikuru Pakanzi - desyatizaryadny chitoro, iyo, kunyange zvakasimba muchifarira kukura "chibooreso" riri dzisiri bvisika. In mufananidzo zvakajeka chombo chinooneka.

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, zvakakodzera kurayira, kungoita vharuvhu kumugumo nzvimbo (se trehlineyke kana "Mauser"). Zvisinei, munzvimbo dzakadzikira chikungiso murindi chinhu chihuri iyo inogona kushandiswa kubvisa kuchitoro. Kunyange zvazvo pfungwa iyi inoshandiswa chete kana kunodiwa kuti aite rimwe wandei kana yaitsiva zvikamu.

zvombo

Uchiraira kunoitwa kuburikidza longitudinal slots iri receiver. Zvinoita, sezvo isu ambotaurwa, anosunungurwa chete kana shutter anonyatsokwanisa rakashama. Undoraira chombo aigona kuva souya anorichengeta, uketani, mumwe nomumwe akanga vaitenderera shanu. Kufanana nepfuti dzose nguva, nokuti zvivanakire yokupedzisira mhando vachizvitakudza ari chaizvo mugamuchiri milled grooves.

Zviya, kworudzii katuriji rinoshandiswa pano? "Lee-Enfield" anoshongedza zvikuru chaizvo zvombo: Caliber .303 British, kuti munhu ari arşive hurongwa - 7,7 mm. ruoko kureba - 56 mm. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pakutanga caliber zvombo vakasvika 7,69 neMM, asi gare gare nokuda yezwi itsva rifling zvaida kuchinja.

Features uye shutter rukungiso

Nechepasi resuwo maberere maviri, izvo unobereka zvakavimbika nokukiya yacho dhiramu. Kana iwe vanza shutter kwaita kukonzera cocked. Bata mubato nokuti recharging yakanga zvishoma wakakokonyara, vakakotama. Sam shutter zviri nyore chaizvo kugadzirisa, ane "yakasimba", asi, uyezve, pfupi sitiroko. Nokuda zvapedzisira chokwadi kunopa zvazvingava rakawedzera, iyo kwagara akakurumbira pfuti "Lee-Enfield".

USM (kureva rukungiso mashandiro) - nyore, Anouraya mhando. Pane fiyuzi riri kurutivi mugamuchiri rworuboshwe. Kusiyana trehlineyki yedu chinhu ichi pamusoro "Englishwoman" akanga akasununguka chaizvo, aine fiyuzi aigona kutarisira nomunwe ruoko rimwe pasina kuchinja chatakagara zvombo.

Mukuwedzera, pfuti, "Lee-Enfield" aiva maviri-danho dzinza, izvo inovandudzika zvikuru zvakarurama. Zvinofadza chaizvo kuita pamutsipa garo: kuva kushanda "chivhorovhoro" chimiro, ine ergonomic chaizvo, izvo yekudyidzana anovandudza rokuona zvombo.

Kana kutarira garo, uchaona pane makomba diki matatu, rimwe zvakagadzirirwa kuchengeta wastewater kurapwa mano, vamwe vaviri vari kudiwa kuti kuderedza zvachose kurema chombo. Kazhinji, huni pakuvaka zhinji: mufananidzo unoratidza zvombo kuti zviri kubva ichi zvinhu overlays zvose.