Kuyera nhumbi metrological maitiro. Main zvataurwa metrology

A zvinokosha mukuzadzika upfumi chero nyika kutamba metrology mitemo, iyo nokuyerwa parameters dzakasiyana zvinhu zvokunyama. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, rwokuyera zviridzwa zviri kushandiswa, kushandiswa uko nokudzorwa yoga nemirayiro. Chii specificity kuti metrology mirayiro muRussia? Chii kwemitemo kunoratidzwa kufarirwa uye nokushandisa metrology?

Chii Metrology?

Kutanga kudzidza zvimwe yokungotaura pfungwa, kuratidza peculiarities ose metrology. Kuyera zviridzwa, metrological maitiro - mashoko anoenderana kubazi iri dzesayenzi.

The chikuru zvataurwa metrology:

- Dzidziso nezviyero;

- kushandiswa mumuviri zvakawanda;

- matambudziko kuona rakarurama kuyerwa-siyana, uye kufanana kuwana nzira kwazviri;

- kusarudza zvinodiwa uye ivhu, uyewo avo anobatsira Implementation ari siyana mabhora hwenyika.

The chadzainyanya pakudzidza pasi kukurukurwa kurangwa - nzira uye zvokushandisa, izvo anoshandiswa kuitira kuti kutora nhoroondo zvimwe zvinhu, pana avo uremu, urefu, vhoriyamu, simba, uye zvichingodaro ..

Dzinokosha Dzidziso zvinoshandiswa metrology:

- panyama parameter (iri pfuma chinhu, izvo chinosiyanisa maererano nedzimwe nzira nemamwe, kunyange kana vari zvakakwana akafanana nawo);

- tambo (nzira kunosanganisira kuwana mumwe kukosha chaiko parameter nokushandisa maturusi akasiyana uye tichienzanisa mureza tsika);

- zvinoreva kuyera uye vachiongorora - zvokushandisa zviri kushandiswa nokuda nokuyerwa chikwata rwomuviri parameter.

Kana isu kutaura zvakananga pamusoro nzira dzakaenzana, zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti hapana izvi zvinogona anounzwa dzakawanda. Ngationgororei navo zvizere.

kupatsanura

In mukuru nyaya pasi yakayerwa zvinoreva anowanzonzi kunzwisisa ouinjiniya mudziyo actuated kuti kuyera zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, izvo normalized metrological parameters chakatorwa nokuda playback kana kuchengetera vamwe parameters hwomuviri iyo ukoshi iri vakagamuchirwa se kugara mukati preset nguva penguva.

Zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti mhando tendero kuyera midziyo Russia pachiyero yeUnited hurumende, dzakadai Federal Agency kuti Technical Regulation uye Metrology. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvayo kupatsanura? Kuyera zvinoreva (metrological unhu kunobatanidzwawo zvikuru rokuti) kunogona aimiririra, kunyanya:

- chiyero (senhumwa icho kusashanda kuti bereka ari parameters hwepanyama imwe saizi);

- mudziyo (senhumwa icho kusashanda kuti vaunze yakananga mureza kuyera mashoko ari rokushandisa-noushamwari);

- inverter (senhumwa iro rinoshandiswa kuti vaunze mureza yakayerwa Data kuti chakasvitswa mberi kubudiswa mukati zvaisanganisira kwezvivako);

- tambo maitiro (akadai dzakaunganidzwa zvishandiso anoshandiswa vaunze kuyerwa anonongedzera ari kutsvakwa pamanyorerwo kusanganisira mushandisi).

Chimwe kupatsanura chokuratidza kuyera nhumbi - padanho kushandisa michina. Saka, vari:

- otomatiki;

- zvishoma zvoga;

- dzepamusha.

Metrological kuyera zvinoreva zvinogona Classified akavakirwa Standardization yavo. Saka, vanogona kuva:

- kwezvipimo;

- unregulated.

Chimwe kupatsanura chokuratidza kuyera nhumbi - the functionality mukati calibration redunhu. Saka, vanogona kuva:

- mitemo;

- Tools.

Chimwe chokuratidza chinokosha kuyera nhumbi - zvinorehwa chakayerwa parameter. Kubva musi chokuratidza ichi, vanogona kuva:

- zvinhu;

- chikamu.

Muchiitiko chokutanga nokuyerwa muviri parameter kuti anokosha panyaya anobudirira mhinduro yacho kuyerwa basa. Uyewo, pane mudziyo pedengu, asi metrological unhu izvo zvinoda nokuyerwa chete parameters kuti vane zvishoma chaizvoizvo, asi zvakadaro zvinokosha uye zvinoda kunyoresa.

Ngatichiongororai chaiwo zvakaita metrological zvechadenga vaiona zvokushandisa. Mumwe anopa izvi zvichava vaenzi kwatiri, Dare kushandiswa kuMudzidzisi kwezvivako.

The metrological maitiro kuyera midziyo

Maererano hurumende mitemo inodzora netsika anoda kuchinja tambo tambo, metrological maitiro - ichi ndicho hwokugadzira parameters zvinorondedzera ehupfumi ose nhengo zvishandiso uyewo kukanganisa migumisiro kuyerwa-siyana kuitwa nekuti zvakafunga kunyatsoongorora unhu hwavo, uyewo kuti zvakarurama kuona zvibereko zvavo.

The unhu mubvunzo zvinogona normalized kana experimental. First akanyorwa mureza mapepa. Somuenzaniso, munhu waibatanidzwa aumba mamiriro kunyoresa VNIIMS kuyera zvinoreva. Second vari kushandiswa mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu kufungisisa kugadzira muitiro kana zvakatipoteredza umo kuyerwa anoteererwa.

Features kunyoresa kuyera midziyo

Zvinobatsira kufunga muudzame chii State Register kuyera zviridzwa. Ichi zvekuvaka chikamu Federal Information Fund uye vachaitwa zvinobatanidzwa kuti kutarisa zvisarudzo vakanga vanotenderwa Rosstandart. Register kuyera nhumbi rakakamurwa muzvikamu anoratidza mashoko:

- zvokushandisa Rosstandart mvumo, zvitupa sumo rwokuyeresa zviridzwa;

- dzakananga makopi zviridzwa mvumo Rosstandart;

- abvumirwa paruzhinji nzvimbo, iyo aiitisa miedzo kuyera zviridzwa.

kuchengeta mazita zvinangwa

Viewed yokunyoresa anodzokororwa kuti:

- chizvidavirire chipimo Ezvemutauro;

- inotungamirwa centralized pavane mashoko kuMudzidzisi zvisarudzo dzave kubvumirwa kuti kusunungurwa nemakambani Russian, uyewo kushandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana upfumi;

- Registration kubva abvumirwa masangano zvinobatanidzwa nemiedzo kuyera nhumbi;

- nekurangarira kuti achibudisa Chitupa okuzivisa kuyera zviridzwa, uyewo zvitupa abvumirwa masangano kuitawo yekuedzwa,

- Accounting Software kunovhenekwa chipimo zviridzwa;

- mashoko rutsigiro vemo, masangano, uye National metrology muzvikoro rinoti mubasa pamwe pamusoro kuzivikanwa uye Implementation miedzo kuyera zviridzwa.

Zviri mazita

Nokuti mumwe mhando mudziyo, mashoko iyo yakanyorwa Register, vari wakaiswa

- zita;

- kunyoresa nhamba;

- chinangwa;

- nyika mavambo;

- mugadziri;

- Zita bvunzo centre;

- nguva chitupa;

- ruzivo pamusoro penguva pakati verifications;

- ruzivo pamusoro ongororo nzira.

Kuitwa imwe mhando kuyera nhumbi rinoitwa Rosstandart kunobva pakuongororwa kuMudzidzisi zvishandiso akabata mamiriro specialized nzvimbo.

Kana isu kutaura mamiriro muchinangwa mutemo kushandisa midziyo mubvunzo, uye kuti, kuti mukwanisi rokusikwa mamiriro mazita kuyera VNIIMS tichitarisa iwe basa nyanzvi kuitisa kudzidza mumuviri parameters munzvimbo dzakasiyana, zvinokwanisika kuti unyatsoteerera dzakadaro basa wehurumende zvivako sezvo ongororo uye advertising kuyerwa kwezvivako. Ngationei kudzidza izvi zvizere.

Verification yakayerwa Ezvemutauro

Saka, pamwe mabasa akadai, Somuenzaniso, mhando tendero kuyera midziyo, hurumende iri kushingaira kushanda waidzora kushandisa kwavo. Zvikurukuru, zvakadaro mirayiridzo sezvo ongororo. Yaidzorwa kwayo maitiro yoga mutemo batana.

Maererano zvokudya zvayo, ongororo yakayerwa midziyo dzinoverengeka dzacho fanira. Somuenzaniso, hurumende nekuyera zvinoreva pamberi chaiwo oparesheni, uye Implementation kugadziriswa yavo inofanira kuongororwa - mune chikuru kana nguva nenguva chiitiko runoenzanirana mhando.

Basa izvi maturusi vanoshandisa - kuti aite macheki mune nenguva nenzira. In Zvinotaurwa, vamiririri zvoupfumi vane kodzero yokuita yayo, asi mamiriro ezvinhu chete pasi rimwe - kuvapo accreditation mabasa mumunda kwerunyararo kubatana unyanzvi zvokuyera. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, ongororo inofanira kuitwa kushandiswa metrological basa, izvo abvumirwa. Kazhinji, izvi zvinoshandawo kune nyaya umo hurumende yeRussia vakatsunga zvakananga pasi kuyera midziyo icho ongororo chinofanira kuitwa maererano akakodzera urongwa.

Dzaimboonekwa muitiro kuitwa, gwaro iri rakapa ayo Implementation. The madhipatimendi ehurumende nomazvo inogona kuva chaiyo calibration mavanga, uyewo nemamiriro gwaro. Uyezve, dzimwe masangano hurumende inogona mvumo kuunganidza migumisiro ongororo-siyana tambo zviridzwa.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kunyange kana imwe chishandiso haina kuiswawo pakati pemazita kuyera midziyo icho kuita verifications zvakafanira, inodzidzisa anogona kuita kudaro kwezvivako yakakodzera nzira nokuzvidira.

Certification chipimo Ezvemutauro

Mugadziriro wehurumende mutemo kushandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana yakayerwa iri akaita advertising ari kwezvivako. Chaizvoizvo Its - kuti kwakaratidza kupfuura zvose njodzi kushandiswa nevamwe namano. Uyezve, munhu vanopupurirwa chishandiso rwuripowo State Register kuyera zviridzwa. Kazhinji, nzira iri mubvunzo kunosanganisira magadzirirwo:

- Certificate GOST R kana GOST R mudziyo kuzivisa zvinodiwa;

- chitupa pamusoro mhando kuyera zviridzwa.

Certification kunogona kuitwa mune kana mumwe Rosstandart aizivikanwa zviri pamutemo nzvimbo. Certification - imwe nzira iyo, kufanana ongororo, kungava Vanosungirwa nechokwadi tambo zviridzwa. Kazhinji, izvi zvinodiwa vakagadzwa kuti kuyera nhumbi, iyo inoshandiswa muzvinhu zvinotevera:

- mabasa muchiuto pakati pehurumende;

- mushonga;

- basa Vezvemitemo;

- cartography;

- panenge pachivakwa;

- kwakaita mitemo Implementation pamusoro zvakafanana pakati kuyerwa.

Kufarirwa yakayerwa Ezvemutauro

Zvinobatsira kufunga nezvemashoko aya kushandisa maturusi, kunzi kufarirwa kuyera zviridzwa. nzira iyi zvakare kuitwa pamwe kutora chikamu mamiriro sezvo chikamu metrological kuzvidzora. Kuitwa imwe mhando rwokuyeresa zvinoreva anotakura nomazvo metrology basa. In ichi seti:

- Nzira pakutevedzera ongororo zvinoreva kuti kuyera unhu;

- dzakananga zviratidzi kuyera rakarurama tsika;

- Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri neeSultan ose calibration chiridzwa.

Kuburikidza kuyera migumisiro tendero nomazvo simba vachabva gwaro rinokosha. Tiri kutaura kwakadaro kunobva ndiyo mvumo gwaro kuyera zviridzwa. Inogona wakabudiswa uye pamusoro penzvimbo zano, uye Serial kugadzirwa kuMudzidzisi sarudzo.

Zvimiso yechipiri mhando gwaro angava kuchengetwa zvimwe mugadziri nokurondedzerwa. Kuti ape gwaro kuyera zviridzwa, zvakakodzerawo kuva rinokosha mapepa nokuti kunoshandisa chiridzwa. Kana isu kutaura pamusoro gwaro nokuda batch mangé kugadzirwa zvinogadzirisa, ndiwo nomazvo simba kwemakore 5 years. Pashure paizvozvo, zvingangoita kuwedzera nemhaka chikumbiro kubva mugadziri. Uyewo, kana gwaro iri rakapa kune imwe chigadzirwa, kururama kwemashoko nguva rinoenderana nguva dzebasa mano.

Calibration kuyera midziyo

Chimwe chinhu chinokosha ehurumende murau pakati nokure metrology - pamutemo mabasa, yokudzora nzira iyo yaifanira calibration kuyera zviridzwa. Izvi izwi rinorevei?

Calibration kuyera nhumbi - muitiro riri kuitwa kuti asarudze uye kuzosimbisa chaiko netsika metrological zvatariswa uye suitability kushandiswa chipimo Ezvemutauro. Musiyano mukuru kubva calibration ongororo - ndiko kuti nzira iri mubvunzo chaitwa kupfuura zvose pamusoro avo kuyera nhumbi kuti havasi pasi kudzora uye kutarisira nenzira vehurumende.

Maererano mitemo Russian zvokushandisa kuti hadzingoshandi hurumende mutemo kumunda apo kuona kuti kufanana kwakaita kuyerwa, iri nokuzvidira hwaro inogona calibrated. nzira iyi rinoitwa kushandisa dzakasiyana-siyana zvinodiwa, izvo tichienzanisa National chepuraimari yetsika, kana avo ndisipo, pamwe nyika, izvo zviri kugamuchirwa mune dzimwe nyika.

Calibration vangarega vanhu - business masangano uye munhu Entrepreneurs pasi ndima yokuzvidira accreditation. Zvakabuda nzira uku kunogona kushandiswa sechikamu ongororo vamwe achishandisa yakayerwa munzira pakutsvaga Hurumende Russian. Saka, pasinei nokuti calibration kuyera nhumbi ndiyo yokuzvidira, hurumende inogona zvakadaro kunyoresa mirayiro wedare maitiro nzira iyi uye ayo chikumbiro zvabuda.