Zviratidzo zvehupenyu: tsanangudzo nemifananidzo

Zvichida zuva rega rega tinosangana nemapakiti nemifananidzo yakadai se "green dot", katatu yemiseve, girazi neforogo, munhu achikanda marara mumudziyo, nezvimwewo. Zvose zviri pamusoro apa zviratidzo zvakasikwa zvakagadzirirwa kutumira mashoko anokosha kumutengi . Muchikamu chino, tichazarura zvazvinoreva, tichifunga nezvezvinonyanya kukosha uye zvinofadza.

Chii chiratidzo chezvisikwa

Eco-zviratidzo zviyeuchidzo zvinoshandiswa kune zvishandiso zvinokwanisa kukuvadza zvakapoteredza mukati mekugadzirwa kwayo, kushanda, kuchengetedza, kurasa, nezvimwewo. Kwechikamu chikuru ivo vanobvumirwa munyika yose, munyika yose.

Panewo zviratidzo zveEco-labeling - mifananidzo yakajeka iyo inoratidzira kutenderwa kwemimwe michina nemhando ipi zvayo yekuchengetedza yemutengi, nzvimbo. Ecologically, zvinogonawo kudana maitiro ehutsika-zviratidzo zvinoreva kuti chigadzirwa kana chigadzirwa chaibudiswa pasina kuputsa mitemo yetsika - munyaya ino utsinye hwakanyanya kune mumwe munhu. Zviratidzo zvehupenyu zvakare eco-mavara. Vanoudza mutengi nezvekuchengetwa kwemamiriro okunze, ane zvisingasviki 95% zvezvisikwa zvepanyama.

Ecocertification zviratidzo zvakare zvinotaura nezve:

• Kuchena kwekugadzirwa;
• Kusava neine genetically modified components, makemikari anoitwa;
• Kusashandiswa kwemhuka kwekuenzanisa kwekugadzirwa;
• Kuremekedza mafungiro ezvisikwa pakugadzirwa kwezvinhu.

Zviratidzo zvehupenyu pahutengo hwezvinhu

Funga nezvezviratidzo zvinoratidza humwe ruzivo pamusoro pekuiswa kune mutengi:

1. "Green dot" (German Der Grune Punkt) - chiratidzo ichi chinowanikwa mumavhuni, machena-machena uye madhi-uye-white. Anoti kuvhara kwakakodzera kukodzokodzwa mukati meDDD ("Dual System"). Chiratidzo chinoshandiswawo pamigetsi yayo nemakambani anobatsira chirongwa chekuvandudza chiGerman Eco Emballage. Munyika yedu, ichi chiratidzo chezvisikwa zvakare chinotaura nezvekugona kushandiswazve kwekuiswa, asi mutsika uyu haamboshandiswi muRussia, ndicho chikonzero che "green dot" haina maturo.
2. "Ipurastiki yakashandurwa" kuburikidza kwayo inofananidzira kukwirira "kusika - kushandisa - kushandiswa". Chiratidzo chakaiswa plastiki michina inogona kushandiswa mumiti yemagetsi. Nhamba kana tsamba dziri pedo nechiratidzo ichi ndiyo nhamba yezvinhu zvinobva pakumiswa kwacho (tichakurukurirana zvakadzama mundima inotevera).
3. "Kudzokorora" - miseve, zvakare, inoreva kurongedza kubva pakugadzirwa kusvika pakurasika. Chiratidzo chinoratidza kuti kuiswa kwacho kunoshandiswa zvakare kana kubudiswa nenzira iyi.
4. "Ikande mumarara!" (Chirongwa Chengetedza nyika yako yakajeka - "chengetedza nyika yako"); Mamwe mazita echiratidzo chezvinhu zvakasikwa: "Ndinokutendai", "Usatora", "Chenjerera vatsva", "Usasvibisa chimiro!". Nyora ichi chigadzirwa chekuvhara chiratidzo, icho chinowanzoshandiswa mumugwagwa - soda, kudya, ice cream, nezvimwe.
5. "Girasi neforogo" - mapurasitiki epurasitiki kana mudziyo hauna uroyi, hunokodzera kusangana nezvokudya.
6. "Kutsika-tsika mudziyo wezvimedu" - zvigadzirwa, kuiswa kwepurasitiki hazvisi pasi pekuregwa zvachose - kuti zviwedzere kushandiswa, dzinofanira kuendeswa kune imwe nzvimbo yavanotora, somuenzaniso, mabheti akwegura, mabheti emunwe. Munyika yedu nanhasi mumaguta akawanda mashizha ari kushandiswa kuti adzokere zvakare zvigadzirwa zvakaratidzwa nechiratidzo chezvisikwa.

Mamwe magwaro epafabheti uye nhamba

Ngatitarisei mazita echidimbu uye zvinyorwa zvechidimbu zvechiratidzo chezvisikwa (zvakaratidzwa pamusoro) - "Plastic plastic".

Iye zvino ngatifambei tichirambidza zviratidzo zvepanyika.

Kurambidza Eco Zviratidzo

Pane zvinyorwa zviviri zvinorambidza panguva ino:

• Zvigungwa zvegungwa, zvine ngozi kune vanogara pasi pemvura.
• Chigadzirwa chinotakura njodzi kune zvakatipoteredza chiratidzo chinogamuchirwa muEuropean Union.

Zvinhu zvehupenyu zvinoratidza kufanana

Uye zvino zviratidzo zvinoratidza kufanana kwezvinhu, kuiswa kune chero mitemo:

1. Miljomarkt ("Scandinavian swan", "White swan") - mishonga ine bheji iyi inofanirwa kuti irege kuva nezvinhu zvisina kuipa zvinowanikwa mumuviri mhenyu, uye kuvhara kwavo kunorasikirwa nyore nyore. Zvigadzirwa zvakarongwa ne "White Swan" zvinowirirana nechinzvimbo chekugadzirisa zvematongerwo enyika emaScandinavia.
2. Mark ISO 14001 - makambani anonyora maitiro avo ane chiratidzo chakadaro, anopa mutengi kuvimbiso yavo yekutevera mitemo yezvakatipoteredza.
3. "Green Seal" (Chirungu cheGreen Seal) - chiratidzo chekuteerera mitemo yakagadziriswa muEU.
4. "ECO" chiratidzo cheKazakhstani kunze uye kutengeswa. Anotaura kuti kubudiswa kwechigadzirwa ichi kwakaitika nekusava nechinokonzera kukuvadza pane zvakasikwa, uye iye pachake zvakare akachengeteka. Icho chiratidzo chinonyorwa chete nemiti yakagadzirwa nedzimwe nhatu dzesayenzi nyanzvi yekuongororwa kwekuteerera mitemo inodikanwa.
5. "Blue Angel" - chiratidzo chekugadzikana kwezvakatipoteredza, yakagamuchirwa muGermany.
6. Ecogarantie ishoko rakagadzirwa nekambani yeBelgium yezita rimwechete remakemikari emhuri, rinosangana nezvinodiwa zvinotevera: chete mbeu / mineral / organic components, kusagadzikana kweGGOs uye zvinhu zvepetroleum, kushandiswa kwezvakanaka kune zvakatipoteredza, kusakosha kwemhuka, kushayikwa kwezvipfuwo, kuzvidzivirira kweunyanzvi hwokuzvimirira.
7. Zita rokuti Eco Label rinoshandiswa muUnited States chete nokuda kwezvinhu zvakatarwa kuti zvine ngozi, asi zvinogadzirwa mukati mezvishoma uye mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu.
8. QAI (Quality Assurance International) - chiratidzo chinobva kuUnited States, asi chinoshandiswa munyika yose; Izvo zvine zvayo ISO 14001 zvikwereti Makambani anowirirana nawo ari kuedza kuderedza kusvibiswa kwekukuvadza kwekugadzirwa kwavo mumhepo.
9. Ozone Friendly CFC Free - zviratidzo zvakadai sechiratidzo chezvisikwa hazvina zvinhu zvinoparadza ozone denga rePasi.
10. "Chisarudzo chakanaka kune zvakasikwa" - chiratidzo chakagadzirwa neSweden Society for Environmental Protection. Vanonzi makemikari emhuri, zvinhu zvemagetsi, pepa, kutakura vatakure, nguo, kutakura.
11. TCO - eco-label yakagadzirwa neSweden Trade Union Confederation. Iyo magetsi inonzi yakanyorwa naye inogadzira hutsika hunogamuchirika husingarevi hune simba hwemaginiti uye magetsi, mukufunga kwevaSweden, iyo inokanganisa muviri wemunhu.
12. AB (Agriculture Biologique) - ine bheji yeFrance Ministry of Agriculture. Inongoiswa chete nokuda kwekukohwa, yakakura maererano neEU dzose economists.

Russian Eco-Signs

Tichaongorora zviratidzo zvezvakatipoteredza nemitemo yakagamuchirwa muRussian Federation:

1. "Eco-friendly friendly product" chiratidzo chekambani yekuzvipira kweMoscow kwezita rimwe chete. Maererano nemitemo yayo, chiratidzo chinoiswa pamiti yezvirimwa, inobudiswa nekuchengetedza mitemo yese yehutsanana chete kubva kune zvinhu zvakasikwa zvakasikwa, uyewo kunwa mvura, zvakachengeteka kumutengi.
2. "Kusununguka kubva kune chlorine" - michina inogadzirwa, kushandiswa kana kushandiswa haina kushandisa chlorine-ine zvinhu. Zvinoreva kutevera GOST R 51150-98.
3. Chiratidzo cheS OS "MEF" - kutarisana nezvido zvekuchengetedzwa kwemhepo РОСС.RU.001.01.ЭТОО, chiyeuchidzo cheEast Environmental Fund.
4. "Leaf of Life" inofadza eco-certification system yakagadzirwa neSt. Petersburg nyanzvi dzinobva kuWaltern Union - kusvika ikozvino sangano rega reRussia Federation rakagamuchirwa kuti ribvise zviti zvese zvenyika iyi.
5. "Nzvimbo yakachengetedzwa yakachengetedzwa" - iyo logo inoshandisa chiratidzo che "21st Century Quality Sign", iyo chiratidzo chekushandiswa kwemichina inotengeswa mukugadzira, kusakosha kwezvinhu.

TK "Vegan"

Chiratidzo chehupenyu che Vegan ndiyo kukurudzirwa kwechirongwa cheBritish vegan association Vegan Society, imwe yevanhu vane simba uye vanoremekedzwa munyika. Anopupurira kushayikwa kwezvikamu zvechigadzirwa chemhuka yemhuka. Ichi chinyorwa chinonzi chinonyanya kuremekedzwa muEngland. Makambani anoisa chiratidzo ichi pamishonga yavo, nekuda kwekushandiswa kwayo, nguva dzose anopa zvipo zve Vegan Society, izvo kambani inotumira kune rudo.

Chiratidzo chechikara

Imwe zita rekucherechedza kwezvakatipoteredza " Haisi kuedzwa kumhuka". Vanonyorwa neainzi anonzi maitiro ekuzora, avo vanogadzira zvinhu vakaramba zvose kubva kushandiswa kwezvipfuwo, uye kubva pakuedzwa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakagadzirwa nemishonga yakagadzirwa pamhuka. Iyi eco-label yakagamuchirwa neBritain Union muna 1998 - yakasikwa ichirwisana ne vivisection (lit. "kutemerwa kubupenyu"). Kutenga zvinhu nechokufananidzira, iwe unogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti panguva yekugadzira kwayo, hapana hupenyu huri kutambura.

Panda WWF badge

Iko kodzero yekodzero yePanda WWF chiratidzo ndiyo World Wildlife Fund, ine vateveri vanopfuura mamiriyoni mashanu munyika zana yenyika. Chinangwa chavo ndechekuchengetedza zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupenyu. Iyo panda inonaka inopinda muzviratidzo gumi zvemireniyamu uye inoshandiswa nekambani dzemakambani ekutengesa anobatsira chikonzero chakanaka.

Pano, zvichida, uye zvose zvinowanzoonekwa zviratidzo zvepanyika. Pasinei nekuonekwa kwavo kwakasiyana-siyana, chinangwa chezviratidzo izvi ndeye - kudzivisa kushata kwevanhu pane unhu husina kudzivirirwa.