Kuwa Amur River kubva kwaibva muromo

The chikuru Rwizi ari Far Eastern District - Amur. Maererano kwayo hydrological parameters zvarinomirira muna 4th panzvimbo pakati 10 pakukura nzizi Russian. Pamberi pake chete Ob, Yenisei uye Lena, inoyerera kubva kumaodzanyemba kuSiberia mugungwa kweArctic Ocean. Kusiyana neizvi, Amur akasarudza zvakasiyana dziva - Pacific, uye runoyerera kubva kumavirira kumabvazuva. Chaiko kunotanga mugomo mubani Transbaikalia kubva kwemapazi ari Shilka uye Argun. Kuva 2824 km mvura Amur rwizi kudira kupinda Pacific Ocean pedyo netaundi Nikolaevsk-on-Amur, Munotatamura mhenderekedzo yacho Tatar Strait. The catchment nzvimbo parwizi wamashekeri 1855 sq.km. Kuwa uye yakatenuka Amur River kunobva Nzvimbo: chiri rokumusoro gomo, muna Lower - sandarara.

hydrological mazwi

pfuma mvura pamusoro penyika vachida kunooneka akadai sezvo kuwa uye longitudinal yakatenuka rwizi. Nokuti kutsunga parameters izvi zvinokosha kuziva kwakadzikira pakati pemvura (pamucheto) panguva yakasarudzwa pfungwa uye daro therebetween akayera pamwe chaiko. Watermarks anotsanangurwa pakati yakadereresa yakamira mvura - mumvura pasi.

Fall River - akapfuudza sandara iri nomurwizi iri pfungwa yaiva nechokumusoro kwerwizi. Akayera mu Linear vamapoka urefu - mune mamita kana masendimita.

Nemikwidza rwizi - dzaona kusanganiswa ukoshi pakutsvaga quotient kuti kuitika River pamusoro kureba kwayo pakati runotsanangurwa pfungwa. Ataurwa sezvo ‰ - paminiti thousand (kuzviuru ari nhamba) kana% (hundredths).

Ataurwa River kutsvetera ari nzira I = H1 - H2 / L, sezvamakaropafadzwa:

I - longitudinal materu rwizi% kana ‰;

H1 - chiratidzo pamwero yoRwizi pamusoro kunorondedzerwa chidimbu M;

H2 - chete, nechepasi, m;

L - Kureba rwizi pakati rinorondedzerwa muzano mamita kana makiromita.

Full donhwe rwizi - musiyano pakukwirira kwaro muna panobva uye muromo. Hazvina basa chii chichava pfungwa - hama kana mhedziso.

Paavhareji kutsvetera River - mugumisiro kugovera zvachose donhwe zvayo kunopindirana kureba.

By kukosha rwizi yakatenuka, unogona kusarudza chii mhando nde-. For nzizi gomo dzinoratidzwa makuru zvarakasiya akayera kubva makumi masendimita mishoma makumi ezviuru mamita. For pachena zviduku zvarakasiya, akayera mu masendimita. Rinoreva kutsvetera nokuyerera velocity kwerwizi mvura.

The Amur rwizi

Kudonha kubva pakutanga kusvika muromo ndiko 304 M nhamba iyi -. The kusiyana kwakadzikira pamuromo (0 mamita - wegungwa) uye zvitubu rwizi.

Tanga Cupid - batanidza of Shilka pamwe Argun. . Stamp pemvura panguva iyi Coordonatele 53 madhigirii 21.5 miniti iri 304 M Saka, zvinonyatsorehwa donhwe Amur rwizi yaizova: 304 - 0 = 304 m.

Kuziva Kureba rwizi uye vachawa kuwana neavhareji longitudinal yakatenuka norwizi, zviri akaenzana:

I = 304/2824 = 0.107 ‰ woita kana 0,11 ‰.

Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvichienderana mirayiridzo iri kufamba (nokuda nharaunda kana mepu), paminiti kiromita kureba rwizi mvura pamwero pamusoro payo izmenyaeetsya masendimita 11. Kana kufamba Nechezasi, donhwe Amur River ose kiromita kunodzikira masendimita 11. Asi ino ndiyo anofungidzirwa kukosha, sezvinonzi norwizi runoyerera pamwe pemvura panguva imwe angled kuti mafungiro.

Kutaura zvazviri, zvinhu zvakadaro nzizi zvenyika hakuwaniki kwese. Channel dzavo vakaisa mu siyana geomorphological ezvinhu. Ivo chokuita variability pakati parameters uye akawira materu, kunyange panguva imwe rwizi.

3 zvikamu (yakaturikwa), zvichienderana Nzvimbo uye hunhu kuerera yorwizi inokamukana Cupid. Fall uye dzakatenuka muna Yokumusoro, Middle uye Lower Amur zvakasiyana.

rokumusoro Amur

Panobva kunotangira ake kubva confluence of Argun uye Shilka. Isa tsunga pfungwa kumabvazuva echitsuwa chacho Mad akacherekedza unopinza 304 M pakupedzisira akabvuma. Muromo rwizi Zeya - kuruboshwe rechibharo, iyo inoyerera pa 1936? Km kubva pamuromo Amur. Somugumisiro, kureba 888? Km of Lower Amur. Elevation dzakagadzira pamwe kukosha 125 m. Fall River Amour uye yakatenuka munzvimbo iyi yaiva 179 M uye 0,2 ‰ azvaitwa. Character yerera pedyo kugomo rukova - kuerera velocity ndiyo avhareji 1.5 m / s. Upamhi mugero mumvura pasi kubva 420 M kusvika 1 km.

Middle Amur

Plot pfungwa iri shoma: yokumusoro rukova - r.Zei muromo (Blagoveshensk) pamwe chiratidzo nokukwirira 125 m, pasi - muromo Ussuri (and s.Kazakevichevo) - kukwirira kumucheto mugove kureba 41 M - 970. Km. Amur Fall River pano 84 m, uye yakatenuka (84/970) 0,086 ‰. Izvi zvinoreva dzakaderera kwakadzikira pamupendero 8.6 masendimita kusvika 1 km yorwizi. The kuyerera velocity pamusoro 5,5 km / h kana 1, 47 m / s. Channel upamhi kubva 530 kusvika 1170 m.

dzikisa Amur

Pakusarudza kure pakati pfungwa kurwizi - 966? Km (muromo Amur kuti confluence maari Ussury inflow). Kwakadzikira: pamusoro pfungwa - 41 m, pasi - wegungwa 0 M zvinoreva kuti donhwe the Amur rwizi munzvimbo iyi - 41 M materu - 0.042 ‰ ... Kuerera mwero iri pasi chokubuda mamita 0,9 / s, panguva yakakwirira mvura 1,2 m / s. Noupamhi mugero - kubva 2 km (nzvimbo) kusvika 11 km, uye muromo - kusvika 16 km.

The hydrological hurumende rerwizi

Amur dzinoratidzwa yakakwirira mvura vapfume: izwi avhareji yegore negore eko 403 cubic km paavhareji kubuda mwero pamuromo 12800 cubic metres / s.

Main simba wedzerai (80% of kuerera) - muzhizha uye kuwa mvura inopfunha. The yasara 20% ari kuwanda uchanyangadika uye pasi, mune anenge zvakaenzana pauwandu hweavo.

Meltwater zvokudya rwizi kubva April kusvikira May, saka mafashame rwakatambanudzwa uye duku vhoriyamu kuyerera haakonzeri pave pakakwirira nhanho. Mafashamo nguva iri kazhinji kubva gore negore iri July-August. Panguva ino, dzimwe nguva nekurangarira kuti 75% wepagore eko.

Vade kwevari mavanga (mvura pasi) zvakakodzera kuona kuti mafashamo kuti kupfuudza 10-15 M iri repamusoro uye pakati karwizi, uye nomurwizi - kusvika 6-8 mamita Heavy kunonaya chikonzero inorasikira Middle uye Lower Amur kusvika 25 km uye yakakwirira kwevari zvabatwa. pamusoro nemafashamo nzvimbo kusvikira mazuva 70.

Multi-zuva monsoon mvura muna August 2013 zvakakonzera aiparadza mafashamo muna Amur mumudziyo, ichizadza misha yevanhu uye munda.

Summer pasi mvura pashure kunyangarika ari "mudzi" mvura (snowmelt mumakomo) - pakupera June. Autumn - zuva September-mangwanani October. Ndinoda-up kunoitika mukupera October - mangwanani November. Okutanga echando - Mazuva gumi April uye May yokutanga.