Nerevane maumbirwo maplatelet

Maplatelet, yakaitirwa kukurira vafirwa ropa, inonzi maplatelet. Vanounganidza munzvimbo usachikanganisa nemidziyo ropa uye kuzadza nokuzvipisa rinokosha chivhariso.

Kutarisika ndiro

sechivako maplatelet dzinogona kuonekwa nemaikorosikopu. Vanotarisira sezvinoita Disc, iro dhayamita izvo zvichisiyana 2 kusvika 5 microns. Vhoriyamu neimwe iri kumativi 5-10 microns ^3.

In ayo mamiriro, kuti maplatelet vari kunzwisisa kongiri. Iye anomiririrwa microtubule hurongwa, membranes, organelles uye microfilaments. Modern ruzivo kubvumira kuti ateme kupararira-eagled ndiro muzvikamu zviviri uye kuti govera payo anoverengeka zvikamu. Ndiko kuti vakakwanisa kuziva zvaidiwa platelet mamiriro. ndiro imwe neimwe ine anoverengeka akaturikidzana; asi peripheral vematunhu, kuti Sol-gel, intracellular organelles. Ivo nomumwe vane basa ravo uye chinangwa.

yokunze rukoko

The peripheral Nzvimbo unotora munhu-rukoko matatu membrane. Platelet mamiriro zvokuti Kurutivi rwokunze kwayo marongera ine plasmatic zvinhu mhosva pakugwamba kweropa, yakananga receptors uye makemikari. Ukobvu idukusa 50 nm. Receptors ino platelet rukoko ndiye anokonzera activation masero aya uye avo kukwanisa adhesion (kuomerera subendothelium) uye aggregation (mikana interconnected).

Uyewo, phospholipid Kamudzira unotora rinokosha chinoita 3 kana inonzi chizvaro. Chikamu ichi ndiye paumbwe basa coagulation zvivako pamwe chete yeplasma zvinhu anokonzera kweropa.

Uyezve, zviri arachidonic acid. Chinhu chinokosha chezvinonhuwira phospholipase A. Kuti kunoumba asidhi zvinodiwa kwetunhu prostaglandins. Ivowo, vari aiendeswa paumbwe thromboxane A _2, iyo inodiwa simba platelet aggregation.

glycoproteins

platelet mamiriro haringorevi nokuvapo rokunze membrane. Its lipid bilayer vari glycoproteins. Vari zvakagadzirirwa kusunga maplatelet.

Saka, glycoprotein I chinhu Kanotokonya riri basa kutyira subendothelial collagen ropa masero aya. Rinopa adhesion pamusoro maplatelet, vachiawaridza uye unobatanidza pavo nemumwe puroteni - fibronectin.

Glycoprotein II rakagadzirirwa ose platelet aggregation. Rinotibatsira nokusungwa fibrinogen neropa masero aya. Zviri kuburikidza izvi mberi vachimuvenga zvokutoda kumuponda aggregation uye rutapudzo (yokururamisa) pamusoro peboka.

Asi glycoprotein V nokuda kwokuramba platelet akakura. Ari hydrolyzed ne thrombin.

Kana akati rukoko zvinoderedza platelet Kamudzira glycoproteins zvakasiyana kugutsikana, inova mhosva kwakawedzera ropa.

The Sol-gel

Pamwe chechipiri rukoko platelet Zvayaiva pasi Kamudzira, ndiyo rin'i microtubule. platelet mamiriro muropa romunhu kuti sepombi izvi vari contractile midziyo. Saka, pamusoro kweiyi pamahwendefa aya kunoita chindori iri compressed uye granules nechitokisi centre. Somugumisiro, vari compressed. izvi zvose chinokonzera secretion Mukati zvavo panze. Izvi zvinogoneka nemhaka rinokosha hurongwa yakazaruka tubules. Izvi anonzi "centralization granules."

Tiine rutapudzo kuti microtubule mhete uyewo zvinovawo zvinogoneka kuumba pseudopods kuti chete anofarira kuwedzera aggregation okufunga.

intracellular organelles

Wechitatu rukoko unotora munhu glycogen granules, mitochondria, α-granules, batana miviri. Izvi zvinonzi organelles mapazi.

Gobvu miviri ane ATP, ADP, kweserotonin, calcium, adrenaline uye noradrenaline. Vose zvakakodzera kuti kukwanisa kushanda maplatelet. Marongerwo kushanda masero aya zvinopa adhesion uye muchikuvadza chingamubatsira. Saka, ADP anobudiswa panguva kuda kuti maplatelet kune vascular masvingo, zviri zvakare mhosva yokuti akati bwendefa kubva riparadzirwe akaramba achiwedzera avo kare chavasina. Karusiyamu anoita kusimba adhesion. Kweserotonin iri zvinoberekwa kusunungura platelet granule. It chendangariro panguva yokuzorora vascular aienda pamusoro lumen.

Alpha granules, organelles anowanikwa munzvimbo, inobatsira kuti paumbwe platelet aggregates. Ndivo mhosva kweiyi wakatsetseka tsandanyama kukura, kupora mudziyo rusvingo wakatsetseka tsandanyama.

Muitiro nokuumba masero

Kukurira kuti, chii sechivako maplatelet dzevanhu, unofanira kunzwisisa vanobvekupiko uye sei kuumbwa. Pfungwa chidzoke wavo kusimbiswa mumwongo. Rakakamurwa muzvikamu akawanda. Pakutanga kuumbwa megakaryocyte nyuchi Anoumba chikwata. For mumatanho anoverengeka, iye ari kuva megakaryoblasts, promegakaryocyte uye pakupedzisira ari platelet.

Zuva nezuva, muviri womunhu unobereka murayiro masero 66,000 paminiti 1 L ropa. Ari mukuru serum munhu anofanira kubva 150 kusvika 375, mwana kubva x 10 ⁹ / L maplatelet 150 kusvika 250. Saka 70% wavo achiparadzira vakapoteredza muviri, apo 30% vari vaunganidza munyika chirwatata. Kana zvakakodzera, kuti muviri kunoderedza uye zvabudiswa maplatelet.

zvinhu mabasa

Kuti tinzwisise zvinodzidziswa muviri zvinodiwa maplatelet, kunzwisisa zvishoma kuti izvo kunyanya platelet mamiriro. Ivo zvakagadzirirwa zvikurukuru nokuda paumbwe chikuru sepombi, izvo zvinofanira kuvhara ukama mudziyo. Uyezve, maplatelet dzinopa pemvura kuti mhanyisa maitiro yeplasma pakugwamba.

Uyezve, akanga akawanikwa kuti zvinodiwa pakuberekwa kutsva nokuporesa siyana hunenge munyama. Maplatelet kubereka kukura zvinhu, akaronga inotokonya kukura uye weboka zvaparadzwa masero.

Zvinokosha kuziva kuti vanogona kukurumidza uye zvachose kutamira itsva ezvinhu. The zvakasimbisa kuti activation kwavo kunogona nechimuko kwezvakatipoteredza, kusanganisira nyore zvokuimba mupfungwa.

kunyanya maplatelet

Kurarama ropa masero aya refu. Paavhareji, nguva chokuvapo kwavo kunobva 6.9 kusvika 9,9 mazuva. Yapera iyi Vanoparadzwa. Zvikurukuru, izvi kunoitika mumwongo asiwo muduku zvakadini, zviri chirwatata uye chiropa.

Nyanzvi ziva mhando shanu akasiyana ropa maplatelet: muduku, akakura, akwegura, uye chinopedza siyana bundu. Kazhinji, muviri kunofanira kupfuura 90% masero vakura. Chete ichi kana platelet mamiriro akanaka, uye vachakwanisa kuita zvose mitambo yayo zvakazara.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti vasanyanye wevasungwa aya masero eropa chinokonzera ropa kuti chinonetsa kurega. Kuwedzera zvavo nhamba chinokonzera thrombosis - nechitarisiko ropa. Vanogona kuzadza midziyo ropa nenzira dzakasiyana-nhengo dzomuviri, kana yakavafukidza zvachose.

Kazhinji, siyana matambudziko platelet mamiriro haachinji. zvirwere zvose zvinobatana kuchinja dzavo wevasungwa muropa mugadziriro. Kuderera kwavo nhamba inonzi thrombocytopenia. Kana wevasungwa rwuchiwanzwa, ndiro riri kutaurwa thrombocytosis. Kana mukaputsa basa masero aya akaonekwa thrombasthenia.