Kutapata nonspecific uye akananga: zvenhengo kusafanana

Kutapata - shoko kuti vanhu vakawanda ndizvo anenge mashiripiti. Chokwadi kuti mumwe muviri rine mashoko ayo yaingowanikwa iye chete kuvabereki, uye naizvozvo kutapata zvirwere vanhu vakasiyana.

Saka chii - dziviriro yezvirwere mumuviri?

Zvechokwadi, munhu wose ajaira chikoro zvidzidzo muna zvipenyu, zviri pamusoro kuti kutapata - ndiwo mano muviri kuti vadzivirire waibva vose vatorwa, ndiko, dzivisai chiito nokupopota nevamiririri. Uyezve, vose avo kuti vapinde muviri kubva kunze (utachiona, nemavhairasi, uye siyana zvine maatomu akafanana), uye avo vari akaumba mumuviri, zvakadai masero kenza kana akafa uye sousingabatsiri. Chero fuma ine vatorwa mashoko kuvabereki, chiri antigen kuti chaizvoizvo rakashandurwa - "Anti-Gene". Nyatsotaura nonspecific kutapata inopiwa munhu Integrated uye kwakarongeka kushanda miviri anokonzera pagadzirwe zvimwe zvinhu uye masero kuti kukurumidza anogona kuziva kuti muviri wake, uye kuti - yavatorwa, uye akatiita kudavira dzimwe nechisimba.

Antibodies vavo basa mumuviri

Pakutanga The rokuzvidzivirira inobvuma ane antigen, uye ipapo anoedza kuhuparadza. Panyaya iyi muviri unobereka chaiyo mapuroteni maumbirwo - antibody. Ivo kumiririra kana anwa chero utachiona hwakakura. Antibodies - chaiwo mapuroteni (immunoglobulins), zvinoberekwa leukocytes kuti neutralize vanokwanisa ngozi maantigen - utachiona, muchetura, kenza.

By pamberi antibodies, uye avo okuti ndakatsunga ne- quantitative, muviri womunhu utachiona kana kwete, uye kana ane kutapata zvakakwana (yakananga uye nonspecific) pamusoro imwe chirwere. Kuwana mamwe antibodies muropa, zvinokwanisika kwete chete kuti tigumise pamusoro kuvapo chirwere kana malignancy, asiwo kuona kwayo mhando. Zviri pamusoro Pakusarudza kuvapo antibodies kuti utachiona muzvizhinji zvirwere chaizvo kwakavakirwa chirwere miedzo uye assays. Somuenzaniso, apo Elisa ropa yokuenzanisira yakavhenganiswa ane kare kugadzirira antigen. Kana paine rudaviro, zvinoreva kuti antibodies muviri varipo naye, saka, uye pomutumwa pachake.

Dzakasiyana-siyana masoja kudzivirira

In kwayakatangira zvinotevera mhando kutapata: yakananga uye non-yakananga. The yokupedzisira ndiyo vachiberekwa uye kunangana chero wokumwe fuma.

Nonspecific kutapata - kunzwisisa inodzivirira zvenyaya nhengo, iyo, akavapindurawo, akakamurwa 4 marudzi.

1. By zvemaziso zvinhu (inosanganisira ganda uye mucous membranes, eyelashes, ipapo sneezing, vangakosora).
2. The mushonga (iine acid ziya, misodzi uye nemate, nasal kubuda).
3. Pakazosvika humoral zvinhu zviri rikwanise kuzvimba danho (the mukwanisi hurongwa, coagulation, lactoferrin uye transferrin, mainterferon, lysozyme).
4. To muchitokisi (phagocytes, dzinongoitika muurayi masero).

Dzakananga kutapata anonzi vawana kana adaptive. Zvinonzi kunangana vakasanangurwa vatorwa zvinhu hworatidza pacharo maviri siyana - the humoral uye cellular.

Nyatsotaura non-zvakananga kutapata, ayo zvigadziriswe

Chimbofunga, vakasiyana mumwe zvose mhando zvipenyu kudzivirira zvipenyu. Non-chaiwo uye akananga zvirwere zvenhengo vakakamurwa mwero kuita uye chiito. Zvinhu rwokuzvarwa kutapata kutanga kudzivirira pakarepo achangopera nayo utachiona chinopinda kuburikidza ganda kana mucosa, uye regai kuponesa kuyeuka kudyidzana pamwe utachiona. Vanoshanda yose nguva hondo nhengo kuti utachiona, asi zvinobudirira zvikuru - mumazuva mana okutanga pashure utachiwana anopinda uye ipapo kuenda vashande zvigadziriswe nezvevamwe kutapata. The chikuru kutsigira nhengo kubva nemavhairasi panguva isiri chaiyo kutapata muri lymphocytes uye interferon. Natural mhondi masero zvikavengwa aparadze masero utachiona hweHIV dzinounzwa cytotoxins. Wokupedzisira chikonzero chiite muchitokisi kuuraya.

Somuenzaniso tinogona kufunga mashandiro wechiito kuti interferon. Kana chaikonzerwa noutachiona, masero synthesize interferon uye kusunungura icho kupinda nzvimbo pakati pamakamuri, apo runokusunganidzai kune receptors vemamwe masero utano. Zvichitevera kudyidzana kwavo mumasero uchalichivaetsya kwetunhu mbiri itsva makemikari synthetase uye mapuroteni, okutanga kuchititadzisa kubatana kwetunhu nemavhairasi mapuroteni, uye yechipiri vavatorwa unodokwairira RNA. Somugumisiro, vamwe kutapukirwa noutachiona mukamuri chipingamupinyi aumba kubva mumasero uninfected.

Natural uye chakagadzirwa kutapata

Nyatsotaura non-yakananga chokuziva zvirwere rakakamurwa dzinongoitika uye chakagadzirwa. Mumwe nemumwe wavo rinoshanda kana pusa. Natural akava dzinongoitika nzira. Natural achishingaira chirwere anooneka pashure akaporesa. Somuenzaniso, vanhu vakatambura denda, kwete noutachiona murwere hanya. Natural pusa - placental colostral, transovarial.

Chakagadzirwa kutapata ari kuona somugumisiro sumo kupinda muviri kuti attenuated kana kuurayiwa majemusi. Chakagadzirwa achishingaira pashure kubaya. Chakagadzirwa pusa yakawanikwa kushandisa serum. With rinoita muviri pave antibodies oga pamusana chirwere kana rinobata majekiseni anodzivirira. Hazvina akatsiga zvikuru uye inogara kwenguva refu, unogona kuramba kwemakore akawanda kana kunyange kwoupenyu hwose. Kurwisa hosha kunokwanisika kushandisa antibodies artificially hwakatangwa majekiseni anodzivirira. Zviri zvishoma zvakawanda, zvinoita inoshanda pashure vaviri maawa mushure rokutarisira antibodies uye kunotora shomanana mwedzi.

Nyatsotaura non-chaicho kutapata misiyano

Non-chaizvo kutapata inonzi dzinongoitika, magene. pfuma Uyu muviri kuti majini nhaka vamiririri kwemarudzi ichi. Somuenzaniso, pane kuti munhu kutapata kune imbwa uye gonzo denda. Chokuziva kutapata inogona simba irradiation kana nenzara. Chokuziva kutapata chaitwa pachishandiswa monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, macrophages, neutrophils. Nyatsotaura nonspecific kutapata zvinhu uye zvakasiyana refu. Papera chaiwo pachena 4 Mazuva kwetunhu dzakananga antibodies uye inotungamirwa T-lymphocytes. Kana izvi kusashanda kuburikidza paumbwe immunological kuyeukwa T- uye B-ndangariro masero kuti yakananga utachiona hwakakura. Immunological ndangariro inochengeterwa ichi- uye ndiyo chinoumba munhu rikurumidze yechipiri masoja chiito. Zvinonzi kwakavakirwa pfuma iyi mano yokudzivirira kudzivisa zvirwere zvinotapuriranwa.

Dzakananga kutapata rinotarisirwa kudzivirira muviri, izvo zvakasikwa munguva kukura wacho muviri muupenyu hwayo. Kana rakapinza muruoko muviri ane kunyanyisa mari chirwere Utachiona anogona attenuated, kunyange hosha zvaizoitika mune raita chimiro.

Ndeipi rokuzvidzivirira achangozvarwa?

We achangozvarwa mwana ariko kutapata nonspecific uye akananga kare, izvo zvishoma nezvishoma kunowedzera roga zuva. Mwedzi upenyu mwana ikoko pakutanga kubatsira madzimai antibodies, yaakanga apiwa kwaari kuburikidza placenta, uye ipapo anowana pamwechete nechityu mukaka. Izvi kutapata pusa, hazvina nemishonga uye anodzivirira mwana kusvikira inenge 6 mwedzi. Naizvozvo, mwana achangoberekwa asingambovi zvirwere zvakadai gwirikwiti, rubella, nezvitsvuku nefivha, mumps nevamwe.

Zvishoma nezvishoma, uyewo mushonga, asi rokuzvidzivirira mwana vachadzidza kubereka antibodies uye kudzivisa zvirwere yomuchipatara pachavo, asi zvichiitika mirefu uye pachake chaizvo. The yokupedzisira paumbwe rokuzvidzivirira mwana rinopedzisa makore matatu. A mwana pasi pemakore dziviriro yezvirwere mumuviri haasi chose kuumbwa, saka mwana vakakura pane mukuru kubatwa vakawanda utachiona uye utachiona. Asi izvi hazvirevi kuti muviri zvachose kuzvidzivirira achangoberekwa, anokwanisa kurwisa zhinji zvirwere vavengi.

Pakarepo pashure pokuberekwa mwana kuitwa navo uye zvishoma nezvishoma anodzidza kurarama navo, kubereka rokudzivirira antibodies. Zvishoma nezvishoma tupukanana nyuchi kuti ura nembudzana, kupatsanura kupinda zvinobatsira kubatsira kugaya uye nezvakaipa, asingaiti unooneka kusvikira wakaputsika microflora mwero. Somuenzaniso, utachiona nyuchi yacho mucous membranes ari nasopharynx uye tonsils, Ibid unoitirwa unodzivirira antibody. Kana kupinda ari chirwere muviri anotova antibodies naro, kana asingadi kuva chirwere, kana kunosvika nenzira nyore nenzira. On pfuma iyi, muviri kunobva chokudzivirira majekiseni.

mhedziso

Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti nonspecific uye yakananga kutapata - nemagene basa, kureva, muviri wose anoita pazvakakodzera kuti nhamba dzakasiyana unodzivirira zvinhu, uye kana Zvaringana, nokuti vamwe uyu - kwete. Ukuwo, munhu anogona rokugovera zvachose kuti zvishoma zvakakodzera, apo mumwe munhu unodzivirira muviri vachada zvakawanda. Uyezve, zvinoitwa kuitika mumuviri, tiri kugadzikana zvakakwana, sezvo basa zvirwere - chichiitika uye kunoenderana zvakasiyana-siyana munyika uye zvimwewo zvinoitika.