Kukudziridza mangwanani makabheji. Early makabheji: yokudyara uye kuchengeta

Cabbage - inokosha zvikuru chirimwa, iyo yakawedzera kubva panguva yakare. Mazuvano kune vanopfuura gumi nevaviri kwazvakaita ayo uye mhando dzakawanda.

Cabbage rine zvinovaka muviri zhinji: mapuroteni, faibha, mavhitaminzi, macro- uye microelements. kushandiswa emarudzi ose makabheji dzose ari kudzivirira kenza uye zvemwoyo chirwere zvakanaka. Cabbage rinobatsira zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvakadai kupererwa, zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, ganda zvirwere uye nevamwe. Kunze, makabheji mashizha inoshandiswa senzvimbo tsonyera pamaronda siyana, nomusoro, rokumusoro kufema turakiti zvirwere.

Chikwata Vakawanda dzinofarira sei kukura mangwanani cabbage nzvimbo. Izvi nyore, chaiwo ezvinhu kukura chirimwa ichi zvinoda.

gadziriro mbeu

Kukudziridza mangwanani makabheji rinotanga nekugadzirira mbeu kuti zvinoda arongwe uye disinfect. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, anofanira kutanga akaiswa kwemaminitsi 20 ari inopisa, ipapo mumwe maviri maminitsi mumvura inotonhora uye yakaoma. Kana iwe yatenga mbeu pachitoro, hapana chikonzero dzidzo yakadaro.

Asati pakudyara, zviri chinodiwa kuti soka mbeu mangwanani makabheji uye tempering navo ari tembiricha +1 ... +2 ° C muusiku humwe. Nokuda kweizvi ivo vachava kukura nokukurumidza, mukuwedzera, kurovedza kwakadaro anovandudza chando nemishonga zvinomera.

rokudyara nguva

kudyara nguva zvinoenderana worudzii uye mhando mangwanani makabheji. Kana nenguruve ndiyo yakanakisisa kuwana gohwo rakanaka?

mhando vokutanga chena uye tsvuku makabheji nokuda mizambiringa yakabva kumwe yakadyarwa mukupera March, broccoli uye ruvara - kubva paMarch pakunopera April, kweBrussels - pezana pakunopera April. Zvakakosha kufungawo okunze.

kukura mamiriro

Zvakakodzera kufunga rinokosha chinoratidza kukura zvakanaka uye kugadzira mangwanani makabheji. Planting uye kutarisira zvakasiyana mhando kumboda zvakafanana. Cabbage haagoni akura panzvimbo kwemakore anopfuura matatu. Rinopa goho rakanaka munzvimbo kare akakura bhinzi, beets, madomasi, hanyanisi, mbatatisi, wemagaka.

Chero mhando tsika dziri yakanyatsokodzera yakaorera, chiedza loam, jecha loam, pevhu-podzolic, peat nevhu pamwe acidity pedyo kwazvakarerekera. A gohwo rakanaka haangazorori pamusoro pejecha inoremerwa nevhu ivhu.
Nzvimbo inofanira ngaasvinure uye tsime Lighted.

nzvimbo gadziriro

Zvikuru ndiye gadziriro yacho, iyo pachamera mangwanani makabheji. Tichidyara uye kutarisira miti inotanga muchirimo. Plot nokuti mangwanani makabheji zvakakodzera kugadzirira kuwa. Kuti aite izvi, izvozvo vakachera uye nembeu. In kushandiswa sezvo fetiraiza zvinobudirira manyowa, mupfudze uye mufudze mune imwe mari 1-1.5 migomo muzana mamita ^2.

Akaitawo zvimwe fetiraiza mune imwe mari 40 g superphosphate pa 1 mamita ² uye zvishoma pane nehafu potassium chloride. Acidic ivhu nesuko.

Nokuuya munyika patsime iyo chakasimwa chichaitwa mangwanani makabheji, ndikachera, akasunungura uye nembeu. Rakashandiswa mupfudze spreaders (mumugomo imwe mativi mita) uye dota (1-2 v. Per mativi mita).

Seedling nzira yaikura

Kukudziridza mangwanani makabheji mizambiringa yakabva kumwe kunoita kuti tiwane goho rakanaka. Mbeu vari unodyarwa mumabhokisi vakazadzwa pasi ivhu, waiva yakapfuura zvakakodzera kuti chechetere panze uye dira. Zvadaro kuti muforo kudzika anenge 1.5 cm mbeu zviri vakakushwa pana 2 cm. Kusvikira mabukira kuoneka, zvakafanira kuti kamuri tembiricha yakanga vangasvika 20 ° C. Kana mbeu imere, tembiricha akanga akatura kuna 8 ° C uye inotarisirwa panguva ino pamwero vhiki, pashure pacho kunofanira kumutsirwa 16-18 ° C masikati uye vanenge 10 ° C usiku.

Pashure mashizha maviri kuonekwa, abate Chisarudza mizambiringa yakabva kumwe kupinda munhu mumidziyo. Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti unofanira imwe nhau kukura zvakanaka kwemashoko makabheji.

Pashure kuonekwa 5-6 Mashizha mizambiringa yakabva kumwe wakasimwa rakavhurika muvhu kwechokwadi.

Kukura pasina mapiki

Kudyara mangwanani makabheji mizambiringa yakabva kumwe nenzira akashandisa makapu, peat Mahwendefa hari kana chinokosha dzacho. In mumwe mudziyo kana sero anofanira vysejat mbeu maviri. Kana mabukira kuoneka, kuchisara bedzi chirimwa akasimba.

Kudyara- pakachena muvhu

Kana mhepo tembiricha kwazvo 17 ° C, uye ivhu kupisa - 14 ° C, Cabbage mizambiringa yakabva kumwe wakasimwa mangwanani muvhu.

Mizambiringa yakabva kumwe emarudzi akasiyana Vakasimwa mu configurations dzakasiyana:

- Early white- uye tsvuku makabheji - 30 × 40;
- broccoli - 30 × 60, kuti vave matavi lateral - 40 × 60;
- kweBrussels inomera - 60 × 70;
- Early kohlrabi - 30 × 40;
- savoy makabheji - 70 × 30;
- ruvara mangwanani makabheji - 30 × 60.

Zvakanakisisa kudyara makabheji mu ramakore kana wainaya. Pasi hakusi nekuumbanidzwa uye crusted izvozvo, anofanira kugara pevhu kana kusunungura.

nonseedlings nzira

With nzira iyi, mbeu zviri unodyarwa zvakananga muvhu kurima mangwanani makabheji. Kukudziridza mangwanani makabheji mu nzira iyi ine mikana. Chirimwa hazvirevi kuti replant, mudzi kukura uye pamusoro-pasi ndechokuti nokukurumidza kupfuura nzira seedling kurimwa, vakawedzera goho. Kudyarwa mangwanani makabheji zvinoitwa panguva dzakasiyana, zvichienderana kukura munharaunda.

Asati kudyara kudzivirira mbeu kubva tupukanana vabatwe kushandisa 12% hexachloran. The seeding zvazvingava - 2 makirogiramu por 1 hectare, vachidyara udzamu - 2-3 cm.

Pakangotanga chirimwa kuchava 4-5 mashizha vechokwadi, makabheji thinned panze, vachisiya mumwe muti pane chinhambwe 40-50 masendimita nepedyo. Kupfuurirazve hanya kwakafanana iri kurima mizambiringa yakabva kumwe kushandisa: nokudiridza, tichisakura miforo, kudzivirirwa zvipukanana.

Kuberekesa uye nokutarisira

How kukura mashizha uye chii saizi achange kuenda panze, izvozvo zvinoenderana sei chirimwa inopiwa ne senitrogen. Zvikuru kudiwa senitrogen ane makabheji pamberi paumbwe musoro. Kana musoro hunotanga akasungirwa, muti inoda potassium.

A vhiki pashure wakasimwa mizambiringa yakabva kumwe, zvakakodzera zvokudya kubva urea mhinduro (zvokudya zvinomera gumi - .. 3 tbsp pa 1 mugomo wemvura), asati dzokubatanidza mumusoro zvokudya kushandiswa nitrophoska (chete inorwara miti shanu).

Kushandisa Organic fetiraiza nokuda kuberekesa, avo mhinduro rinogadzirirwa zuva asati zvokudya. Mudziyo uzere shiri nhoko hafu kuzadza nemvura. Fetiraiza zvakafanira kuti manyukunyuku kakati rimwe zuva, kusvikira imwe homogeneous zvokunwa. Pakarepo asati kuberekesa nemvura inofanira rakasanganiswa nemvura kagumi.

Cabbage anoda mwando, saka zvinokosha kuti kudzivisa kuomesa ivhu. Early makabheji akamwisa nguva nhatu mana pavhiki. kukohwa kusati, kana zvinofungirwa mberi kuchengetwa, kudiridza rurege kwemazuva 35-45.

Pashure kudiridzwa zvinokosha kusunungura ivhu, nguva imwe neimwe achidzikisa machine udzamu kuitira kuti kukuvadza midzi. Kukura noutano mangwanani makabheji, zvakakodzerawo kuti spud, asi kwete ivhu rakaoma.

chipembenene Control

Zvipembenene nezvimwe tupukanana zvinogona kukonzera irreparable kuvadza chirimwa, saka unofanira vatarisire chirimwa kudzivirirwa.

Early makabheji, uye konifurawa zvinogona zvakakuvadza makabheji nhunzi, ane mazana chikonzero kukuvara kudyara midzi. Panyaya iyi, kuti makabheji anotanga svava kwazvo ekunze, uye ezasi mashizha ayo rinokwanisa kucheneruka.

Kuti tikurire kutyisidzira ichi uchishandisa DDT guruva kana guruva hexachlorane 6%, izvo pollinating zvirimwa pashure kudyara. The nzira rinoitwa kaviri kana katatu panguva zvikamu nevhiki. Ivhu rakanga rakadiridzwa kushandisa 30% thiophos (wevasungwa - 0,03%). Ground inogona kusaswa kumativi anosima naphthalene, hwakakanyiwa jecha (1: 5).

Chirimwa, iyo chete kutanga kumera, anogona kukuvadza crucifer nhata, izvo anodya Mashizha makabheji. Dzivirirai pamusoro chipembenene ichi kunogona mangwanani seeding uye transplanting, izvo anobvumira zvirimwa simba ari nhata pamberi kusashanda. Kuwedzera kukura uye kuwedzera nemishonga zvinomera zvokudya achishandisa nitrate uye mupfudze.

Kuvadza chinomera uye makabheji chena shavishavi (chena shavishavi nemapapiro mune mavara matema). Pakati mazai akaitwa pamusoro underside imwe jira riri nehonye. Raspolzayas zvinomera, ivo zvokudya pamusoro mashizha, vachidya kuti zvinonyadzisa mutsinga. In pakurwisana makabheji chena shavishavi kushandisa chete nzira nokuda diamondback chitemamachira.

Zvichiita kukuvadza zvikuru chirimwa mapoka makabheji inda dzemuriwo kuti dzinoyamwa facial kubva mumiti. The mashizha ipapo akafukidzwa mavara dzinotanga dzakapeterera. Tava kuderera Kukura makabheji, makabheji musoro wakagumiswa tambo.

Kuti tikurire kutyisidzira ichi asati dzokubatanidza musoro makabheji chirimwa akanga sprayed kushandisa anabasine sulfate (wevasungwa - 0.2%) kana 2,5% Metaphos guruva. Zvinobudirira spraying fodya muto, izvo zvakafanira kuwana kudira fodya guruva (400 g), mvura (2 L) uye akabika nokuda 2 kwemaawa. Ostuzhennoy yakasvinwa mhinduro. Zvadaro, zvakakodzera kuwedzera sipo (50 g), uye zvose zvazvichanyungudutswa mugomo wemvura.

Kukudziridza mangwanani makabheji ari girinihausi

Cabbage ndeimwe mikuru zvirimwa wakasimwa inokudza. Vari kazhinji vakura makabheji mangwanani makabheji. Kana kudyara mbeu munyika nzira iyi?

Kukura mangwanani makabheji ari girinihausi, mbeu vanoda kudyara mukutanga February. Mukutanga April, richi- kura mbesa Vakasimwa ari chinhambwe 35-40 cm. Mizambiringa yakabva kumwe vanofanira 3-4 mashizha vechokwadi, pashure pacho ukadzimwa.

Chimiro mizambiringa yakabva kumwe vanogona kutaura chii chichava kukohwa. In zvirimwa vane egirini, simba midzi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mizambiringa yakabva kumwe achadzika midzi havaratidzi. Maumbirwe jira anogona kutongwa pamusoro pezvakaita musoro. Kana mashizha makuru uye chokumisa pfupi uye mikobvu, ipapo, achava makabheji guru.

Primer, izvo zvichaita makabheji dzabudapo inokudza anofanira zvakanaka nourume, gobvu, loamy uye musungo mwando zvakanaka. Need dzose kusunungura ivhu mupfudze kuberekesa mhinduro.

Tembiricha chikuva kurima zvinomera - kubva 5 kusvika 20 ° C. Young mizambiringa yakabva kumwe vanoda okuwedzera chiedza. Panguva paumbwe musoro chirimwa inoda yakawanda unyoro.

kukohwa

Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana makabheji cabbages Early kuonekwa anenge 55-60 mazuva pashure seedling wakange wakasimwa, kureva, zuva June - mangwanani July. Kunyatsovira wemisoro kwete panguva imwe chete, saka unofanira kubvisa navo mumatanho akawanda, nebanga rakapinza. Saka siya 2-3 mashizha uye hura urefu 2 cm.

mitemo zvinokosha

Kufunga nezvokuti sei achikura mangwanani makabheji, unofanira kutanga kutora hanya chatingatevedzera mizambiringa yakabva kumwe, uye nokuda kuti unofanira kuyeuka shoma dzinokosha:

1. Asati kudyara mbeu, vanofanira kuva vakagadzirira kudzivisa zvirwere zvinomera.

2. akashandisa ivhu muvhenganiswa hakufaniri chakakomba. Kana uchishandisa ivhu mumunda, zvakakodzera kwerubwinyo rwakagara rwuripo-kubata chando mumugwagwa kana muvharanda, uye kupisa pakurapa zvakakodzera. The yakanakisisa nzira - ndicho kutengwa akagadzirira Mix chaiyo.

3. Zvakakosha kuchengeta rokudyara nguva. Early makabheji zvadyarwa paMarch. Kurebesa kukohwa, rinogona kudyarwa mumazuva maviri kana matatu kwevhiki mbiri.

4. capacity pamwe mizambiringa yakabva kumwe zvinofanira riri munzvimbo pane zvakakwana chezuva. Zvikasadaro kudhonza mizambiringa yakabva kumwe kunogona kuitika. Uyezve aida jekeso kubudikidza fluorescent mwenje, kuti vabudirire zvinonyatsorehwa ya chemasikati maawa maawa 12-14.

5. Kana iwe kugamuchira pakutanga mashizha wechokwadi, mizambiringa yakabva kumwe vanofanira kuomesa. Uyewo tembiricha yakaderera vadzimwa mizambiringa yakabva kumwe chiedza chinopenya. Nokuti chinangwa ichi zvakafanira kumira panze. Izvi zvinobatsira kudzivisa ndichisveerera mizambiringa yakabva kumwe.

6. Kudiridza anofanira mwero, kudzivirira mudzi ora. The supernatant rinoshandiswa yokudiridzira mvura pa 22-23 ° C.

7. Usati watama richi- kura mbesa kuti nzvimbo havana akadiridza. Zvirimwa zviri zvishoma podvyali, kwete kuputswa.

Zvaidiwa mitemo nyore izvi ichapa rakaisvonaka kukohwa yaibatsira tsika iyi.