Kufema ari chirimwa mashizha chiri kuitika ... The chirongwa gasi Exchange

The mweya - chinhu chinokosha muupenyu chipenyu chose. Okisijeni inodikanwa zvose - nehove, uye vanhu nemhuka. Zvinoita sokuti, nei tichifanira mhepo hove, nekuti iye anogara pasi mumvura? Mvura nomuti okisijeni, iyo inodiwa zvisikwa pasi pemvura. Zvino tichataura pamusoro sei kufema Mashizha miti kunoitika. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti mune nedanho afemeruke zvinomera inosanganisira kwete chete mashizha asiwo madzinde, uye midzi. izvi zvose uchadzidza kubva ino.

Kufema chirimwa mashizha nokuda photosynthesis kunoitika. miti, kusafanana nedzimwe zvipenyu iri pakuti miti yokufungisisa tsvina okisijeni, kureva, carbon dioxide, uye kudzokera atipe zvatinoda. Ngationei mberi kuti uwane kufunga nyaya iyi.

mweya

Kufema Mashizha miti kunoitika vakakomba wachi, mazuva manomwe pavhiki. Panguva iyoyowo, chirimwa absorbs okisijeni kubva mhepo, asi vanogona kushandiswa zvinobva basa ravo, kureva kuti okisijeni inoumbwa photosynthesis (iyo inodiwa kuti munhu kufema uye zvimwe zvipenyu). photosynthetic zvigadzirwa uchingounganidza ari intercellular dzezvimwe, zvakakodzera kufema usiku.

The kufema usiku wakasiyana zuva? Ndinofanira kufema zuva rose nousiku. Atmospheric okisijeni masikati nokushingaira anopinda kuburikidza stomata, mabukira, midzi uye hunde. Asi zvokuita usiku apo stomata dzakavharika nguva? Pano anouya wemari, yakaunganidzwa masikati, riri munzvimbo intercellular dzezvimwe. Kubva ipapo, zvinobikwa photosynthesis iri vaipa kune masero ose chirimwa, ichipa anokosha. Naizvozvo zvakafanira kuti tiyeuke kuti kufema mashizha nguva dzose zvinoitika, chete muitiro kungava siyanei muchiedza uye kwasviba.

Mumwe katsamba, uye kuti afemeruke uye photosynthesis - zviri chokwadi muitiro. Kana kufema miti rishandise okisijeni, asi rinofanira kuva shoma zvikuru pane kuti reproduces zvakafanana zvinomera panguva photosynthesis. Uyu zvakanaka yakaoma muitiro, absorbs okisijeni oxidizes (majana) kunzwisisa zvinhu zvinomera zviri zvinoriumba maviri:

• mvura;
• carbon dioxide.

Imhandoi kunzwisisa zvinhu mu mubvunzo? Chokutanga, hazvina chokuita shuga. kufema muitiro anosunungura yakawanda simba rakanga kuitwa musi photosynthesis. Panguva iyi, sezvo isu vambotaurwa, carbon dioxide wo kuumbwa, vanobviswa kuburikidza:

• stomata;
• lenticels;
• midzi.

Pane zvakawanda zvinoratidza kuti Carbon dioxide chaizvoizvo zvinoberekwa miti, asi zvikuru diki zvakawanda.

gasi Exchange

Saka, muna mashizha mweya kunoitika mumasero nhengo iri yose pamusoro, asi masero aya uyewo pamusoro pemvura hunde, midzi, uye zvichingodaro. Asi zvinokosha kuziva kuti huru gasi kuparadzirwa kunoitika kuburikidza Mashizha chirimwa. Mune nedanho photosynthesis, Carbon dioxide zvokudya kuburikidza slots ari stomatal masero zvakare, iye mberi chlorophyll munyama. Paumbwe okisijeni, rinogona kusvika pamusoro, ari zvakatipoteredza yakatipoteredza. Uye panguva ichokwadi afemeruke pakatarisana, chirimwa unopisa okisijeni, sezvo pose zvabudiswa carbon dioxide.

Asi zvinokosha kuziva zviri nedanho photosynthesis kuumba guru chaizvo okisijeni, riri zvakakwana kwete chete nokuda afemeruke zvinomera, asiwo vapfume kwezvakatipoteredza. Sezvataona, azvaiitwa vari pakatarisana, asi zvakasimba interconnected. Kuti zvinomera vanokwanisa kupa zvose zvipenyu zviri panyika zvavanoda oxygen.

Kuwedzera okisijeni, zvinomera kusunungura mvura mhute uye iyo napakati stomata. Izvi zvinonzi transpiration. Vose dzinotsanagura gasi Exchange vari nokudzorwa nokuvhura kana nokuvhara stomatal mutswe.

kurovedza afemeruke

Zvino zvakafanira kuti kujekesa kuti kufema jira uye zvakazara chirimwa chinogona kukamurwa maitikiro maviri: Kurovedza uye anaerobic. A vachitova wokutanga mhando. Kurovedza afemeruke kunoitika nenzira oxidation kwacho. Zvinozivikanwa kuti panguva oxidation yacho yakachena tsvina. Izvi zvinogona rakakamurwa muzvikamu zviviri:

• anoxic;
• okisijeni.

In Danho rokutanga, hydrogen nokusunungurwa cleavage yacho substrate. Danho rechipiri iri cleavage ari mberi maatomu.

anaerobic afemeruke

Kufema shizha miti kunoitika, sezvatakagamuchira akati, zvinhanho maviri. Mashoko Zvino mashomanana kutaura pamusoro anaerobic afemeruke. Ndeupi muitiro samolecular rehydrogen oxidation. Somugumisiro ichi nokukanganisika muitiro zvabudiswa simba, iyo iri kumucheto nokuda kwetunhu ATP.