Konstantin Ushinsky: pfupi Biography

Ushinsky Konstantin Dmitrievich wakakurumbira zvikurukuru sezvo muvambi Russian pedagogy, uye ipapo sezvo munyori. Zvisinei, upenyu murume uyu matarenda haana refu, chirwere vakamutora ake simba zvose, akanga achimhanyira kushanda uye kuita kuti vamwe napo. Muna 1867 akadzokera kumba achibva Europe, uye makore mashoma gare gare, muna 1871 (New Style), akafa, ava namakore 47 chete okuberekwa.

Konstantin Ushinsky zvechokwadi akaita kuti Russia kwazvo. kurota kwake kutsamwa, akanyorwa pachake yake dhayari kubva pauduku, waiva zvingabatsira Nyika Yababa. Kurerwa kwakakodzera uye dzidzo chizvarwa chevechiduku uye akatsaurira upenyu hwake kuna murume uyu.

Konstantin Ushinsky: pfupi Biography

Kostya akaberekwa muna Tula musi 19 February 1823 mumhuri imwe aikudzwa - munhu pamudyandigere mukuru, musoja Hondo 1812. Biography Ushinsky Konstantin Dmitrievich rinoratidza kuti akapedza ake uduku mutaundi Novgorod-Seversky, riri muruwa Chernigov, duku yavatezvara vabereki vake, apo baba vake akatumwa kushanda somutongi. mai vake vakafa mangwanani kwazvo, panguva akanga makore 12 okuberekwa.

Ndapedza kubva chikoro girama yeko Constantine akava mudzidzi mutemo rorusununguko Moscow University. Akapedza kudzidza pamwe chinokudza. Makore maviri gare gare akava kuita muzvinadzidzo Cameral sayenzi Lyceum muna Yaroslavl.

Zvisinei, ake Pazvinhu basa yakakanganiswa nokukurumidza - muna 1849. Ushinsky akuramba kuti "mhirizhonga" pakati vadzidzi, ichi vakabatsira vake mberi maonero.

Start kudzidzisa mabasa

Konstantin Ushinsky akamanikidzwa kushanda duku bureaucratic zvinzvimbo Bazi Affairs Internal. ayo mabasa akadaro havagutsikani uye kunyange risina utano (nezvazvo diaries ake akanyora pachake).

Mukuru zvinodikamwa munyori akagamuchira kubva mabhuku mabasa mumagazini "Library kuti Kuverenga" uye "Contemporary", vakaisa nyaya dzavo, shanduro kubva Chirungu uye kudzokorora zvinhu dzinobudiswa dzimwe anodhinda nhau.

Muna 1854, Konstantin Ushinsky anotanga kushanda somudzidzisi, ipapo mumwe mupurisa ari Gatchina Orphan Institute, apo chinoratidza pacharo ive mudzidzisi wakanaka, mazvikokota nheyo dzidzo uye kurovedza.

urongwa

Nokupesvedzera socio-pedagogical kufamba muna 1857-1858 biennium. Ushinsky anonyora "Journal of Education" vamwe nyaya yake, akanga akatendeukira muupenyu hwake, vakauya kwaari pakarepo simba nokubwinya.

Muna 1859 akagadzwa Inspector of Smolny Institute for Noble rweVasikana. In ichi chinozivikanwa sangano, icho chakabatana zvikuru mhuri youmambo, ukuwo vachibudirira mhepo kumeso uye servility. Kudzidziswa All chaiitirwa mumweya tsika dzechiKristu, iyo pakupedzisira akaburukira inculcation tsika enyika, kunamata tsarist hurumende uye shoma zivo yechokwadi.

nadzurudzo

Ushinsky kamwe aipedza akatanga kuchinja pasinei kurwisa ari reactionary vadzidzisi, iye akatanga kurovedzwa urongwa hutsva. Zvino, ainyanya kutaura mutauro Russian uye mabhuku, uyewo sayenzi yepanyama. At zvidzidzo wefizikisi uye kemisitiri kuedza vaakadzidzisa, sezvo pfungwa kudzidza izvi nokuona vakabatsira kuitwa nani ane uye kunzwisisa nyaya. Panguva iyoyo, takakokwa zvakanaka nevadzidzisi - vaMethodist mumabhuku, jogirafi, nhoroondo, nezvimwewo, uye Vodovozov VI, Semenov D. D., Semevskiy M. I ...

An dzinonakidza mhinduro yakanga pakatanga-gore maviri kirasi kwavo pedagogical yechipiri pamusoro makirasi manomwe nani kugadzirira vadzidzi kuti anobatsira basa. Zvinoitawo zvinotaurwa pedagogical basa Misangano uye misangano vadzidzisi. Vadzidzi vane kodzero kuzorora kuzororo uye mazororo nevabereki.

Zviitiko zvose izvi akafara chaizvo Constantine Ushinsky. Biography vana vachava kufarira chokwadi kuti akanga kwavari kuti akanyora vazhinji saka dzechembere zvinoshamisa uye nyaya.

Children Anthology rinoti

Panguva iyoyowo, muna 1861, yakanga akasika Ushinsky Anthology rinoti "Vana World" pamusoro mutauro Russian kuti zvokutanga mamakisi muzvikamu zviviri, icho pamwe chete, uye zvinhu zviri sayenzi chaiwo.

Muna 1860-1861 gg. iye tichiita Editing ari "Journal of Bazi Public Education", zvachose kuchinja nayo uninteresting uye yakaoma chirongwa uye anochinja ndokuita magazini nesayenzi-pedagogical.

nguva yangu yose yakatsaurirwa iyi, Va Ushinsky Konstantin Dmitrievich. Brief Biography kunoratidza kuti basa rake akauya zvakawanda zvinobatsira kuti vanhu. Anonyora uye anoisa mumagazini zvakakwana reactionary nyaya. Nokuti hwechido munyori kwakadaro asingagoni kubhadhara. Zvakatanga aivhima nevamwe vakamupomera enyika unreliability uye freethinking.

Experience mu Europe

Muna 1862, iye airamba kubva Smolny Institute. Zvino hurumende tsarist amutuma kunze rwendo rurefu kuti European kudzidza vakadzi dzidzo. Ushinsky anoona rwendo urwu sezvo Munongedzo.

Zvisinei, iye akatambanudza, kusora vose kufarira kukuru uye vaishanyira dzakawanda dzokuEurope. In Switzerland, zvinonzi kunyanya kunyatsoongorora kudzidza Pfungwa dzidzo yepuraimari. Zvavanotaura uye kungotaura Constantine Ushinsky iri rokushandisa mukirasi kuverenga "Native Shoko" uye kudzidzisa Chinyorwa nokuti. Ipapo anogadzirira mavhoriyamu maviri "murume ave nyaya dzidzo" uye akaunganidza zvinhu wechitatu.

Disease nenhamo

Mumakore ake okupedzisira, iye akaita somunhu nomukurumbira. Iye akabudisa nyaya dzakawanda pamusoro Sunday zvikoro uye zvikoro vana nyanzvi dzokugadzira, akanga ariwo nhengo pedagogical Congress Crimea. Muna 1870 iri Simferopol, akashanyira zvikoro zvinoverengeka uye nokuzvidira akasangana nevadzidzisi vavo vadzidzi.

Mumwe wevadzidzisi IP Derkachev akayeuka kuti muzhizha 1870 Ushinsky kumba kubva kuCrimea kumusha Bogdanka Glukhovski County (chernihiv nharaunda) vangada mudane shamwari yake NA neCorfu Katerinoslavshchina, asi kugona kuzviita. Chimwe zvikonzero zvava chando, uye ipapo nezvorufu mwanakomana wake mukuru, Paul. Zvadaro Ushinsky nemhuri yake kuzogara Kiev uye takatenga imba pamusoro Tarasovskaya. Uye pakarepo akatuma vanakomana vake kubatwa muCrimea. Munzira Ushinsky Konstantin Dmitrievich zvikuru kubata kuchitonhora uye akarega muna Odessa kunorapwa, asi nokukurumidza ikafa, yaiva January, 1871 (New Style). Akavigwa Kiev Vydubychi wemamonk.

Beloveds Ushinsky

Wife K. D. Ushinskogo akava Nadezhda Semenovna Doroshenko. Akasangana naye kare Novgorod-Seversky. Akanga mumwe mhuri Cossack yekare. Ushinsky amuroora muna muzhizha 1851 munguva nebhizimisi rwendo muguta. Vaiva nevana vashanu.

Mwanasikana Vera (murume Poteau) muKiev achizvibhadharira zvaanoda akazarura rume City College, ainzi rokukudza baba vake. The mwanasikana wechipiri Hope nemari pamabasa ake yababa akasika kuchikoro chepuraimari mumusha Bogdanka, kwaaigara panguva Ushinsky.