American munyori Martha Gellhorn: Biography, upenyu pachake, basa

Mupfungwa dzevakawanda Martha Gellhorn nguva dzose kuramba mudzimai wechitatu Ernest Hemingway. In kuti ngachipiwe sezvo mabhuku uye maenisaikoropidhiya, kunyange zvazvo aiva mumwe wevakadzi shoma muchiuto nhau.

Nomwoyo wake wose akatendeka journalistic webasa, iye anenge inopedzerwa kunyora mashoko hapana asingasviki makore matanhatu. Mukadzi uyu akanga pamutemo paakavapa musoro mumwe venhau vashanu vakanga chaizvo muupenyu paumbwe uye kukura kwenzanga muUnited States mumakore XX remakore. chiitiko ichi chinokosha chakaratidza asunungurwe rinokosha munhevedzano inoratidza kuti mahamvuropu.

oupenyu mashoko

Martha Gellhorn akaberekwa St. Louis (USA) muna 1908. Vabereki vake vakava Dzhordzh Gellhorn (chiremba) uye Edna Fishell vaitungamirira kuchengetedza kodzero dzevakadzi vachishingairira.

Young March kwake pauduku akatanga kunyora nhetembo uye nyaya pfupi, saka hapana akashamisika kana ndozvadziri yayo kusvika miti emunyori ndege. Ndapedza kubva kukoreji, akaenda kunoshanda duku rokubudisa imba uye akanyora mishumo mashoko nemutadzi nyika. Zvisinei, pano muna March haana kugara uye akaenda Europe tichitsvaka uchinzvera uye misoro itsva.

Quick kutanga nhau

Amazing nemano wechiduku wenhau aiva nemano kuwana nzira kuwana vanhu vane. Paaiva guru French, mazuva Martha Gellhorn vanenge vashoma akawana basa akakurumbira magazini mufashoni. Nechekare somunhu dzomupepanhau nechinyorwa iye Akakwezva munyori Bertrand of Jouvenel, uyo baba aiva akakurumbira enyika French uye Wenyika.

Maererano ndibatsireiwo data, Vakawanikwa, asi gwaro haisi yasimbiswa. Panguva iyoyo, Bertrand akanga akaroora, uye hapana chinoratidza kuti paiva kurambana. Chero zvazvingava, ukama uyu haana kugara kwenguva refu, sezvo Martha Gellhorn varinganiswa munzanga French, uye akatanga kufarira doro hondo muEurope. Iye akasiya Paris, vachisiya Bertrand.

Homecoming

Pashure kuuya America akatanga kuva kushingaira somunhu wenhau rakakura pepanhau. nyaya yake vakanga chaizvo kuti munhu akadaro ane simba, Harry Hopkins akafarira kuti Martha Gellhorn. Biography of wenhau zvinopa uchapupu hunotaura pamwe dzaro hurumende Franklin D. Roosevelt, uyo akashanda Hopkins. Nokuda Presidential Administration of musikana akadzingira maguta kiyi America uye akanyora nhevedzano essays chii nemigumisiro vaiva Great Depression zvakasiyana zvikamu vemo. The akataura zvabuda akaratidzwa kwete chete muna journalistic nyaya, asi mubhuku "The dambudziko ndakaona." muunganidzwa ichi nyaya ndiyo yokutanga mabhuku basa, izvo akanyora Martha Gellhorn. mabhuku ake, sezvo mabhuku akawanda akanyorwa zvakasiyana manyorerwo, pakarepo uye pasina pathos ( "vakarasikirwa hondo," "Kuenda oga uye satellites").

Mukuita, Marta akava shamwari yepedyo Eleonory Ruzvelt, mudzimai purezidhendi wacho. Kuwedzera kufarira zvinhu zvakafanana, vakaona kuti mukadzi wokutanga aiziva amai Martha College.

Location hwevanhu vavo patronage wenhau akavimbisa rakaisvonaka basa nehurumende, vakatevera enyika basa. Asi zvose ropafadzo akarovererwa tichienzanisa kuuya uchinzvera uye kufamba, saka kusarudza zvakanga pachena Martha.

Ukama Wells

Kushanyira vemutungamiri musha, Martha ane Kunyatsoziva yakakurumbira munyori aishanda ari Genre pamusoro renyaya, pamwe HG Wells. Aivawo nomufambi mueni mhuri President vake.

Panguva iyoyo, Herbert akanga ari muwanano uye, mukuwedzera, ane vanoda akawanda, asi vasingagoni kuramba waMarita. Under wake simba, akasarudza kuenda naye kuna Europe, chaipo Kukuru Mukutonga kwechiFascist hondo hadzitani.

Kutaura zvazviri, nemhaka Wells uye ake tutelage akatanga tenderera pa dzakakwirira journalistic yeChina. Kupisa haana anyangarika ukama hwavo kunyange pashure pamakore akawanda, apo vose vari varume mhuri.

Kuziva Hemingway

The vade uye vakawanda wenhau pakati pezana 30s kubudirira chaizvo pamwero: rwendo naye kunyika Europe uye nyaya dzinoratidza utsinye chokwadi weupenyu American ruzhinji, vakanga damning hunhu. "Poromoka Joe" Martha chiri musangano yakaoma yakakurumbira munyori Ernest Hemingway wakaitwa munguva Florida Bar. Maererano Ernest, akanga akashamiswa makumbo naMarita shapely uye kudanana navo pakutanga, uye zvino naye chaizvo.

Vakasara Florida, wenhau shamwari Nyikadzino Pfayfer, mukadzi munyori panguva. Pasinei chokwadi kuti Pauline akanyorawo kuti mufashoni uye akanga asangana dzinonakidza unhu, Hemingway akanga atova akatakurirwa Martha. Pakati ravaigona zvido aiva inopisa norudo Spain, saka hazvishamisi kuti vaviri vakasiyiwa munyika kwakapfuura nehondo yevagari vemo.

Joint nhau mabasa

Hemingway & Gellhorn akasvika Spain chiedza vakanga chimwe sutukezi uye kwete kupfuura makumi mashanu emadhora kuti maviri. hasha dzavo aiva mishumo kuitika munyika, uye, maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi, Martha kurarama zvikuru nani yokunyorwa nemishumo pane wake nerakakurumbira anoda.

Vose akaramba tsitsi Social Party, uyo panguva iyoyo aiva nesimba, uye nyaya yavo zvakanyorwa nechinzvimbo ichi.

1940 aizivikanwa yepamutemo muchato vakaroorana. Pamwe chete vakaita zvavo nhau mabasa, kushanyira Finland, France, Indonesia uye China. Somugumisiro, Marita Ernest kuzonzi mukurumbira chinopenya hondo correspondents.

Mutori wenhau waiva neMuse kuti rudo munyori, sezvo yokufungidzira "Nokuti Ndivanaani Bell Tolls", Ernest akauya munyika mukurumbira, chakatsaurirwa naye. Pashure pemakore vadzingi upenyu vaviri yakatengwa munda uye vakagara mairi.

Hemingway & Gellhorn: hondo pazvinhu

mufaro Family akakurumbira vaviri haana zvinofanira kutora nguva refu. Kuchiva vakamhanya kumusoro nokuda unhinhi Marita Bend zvinodiwa nomurume haana kushandura zita, mhanya imba, uye kutevera tsoka madzimai rapfuura uye mistresses Ernest.

Zvinoreva upenyu wenhau aiva nyanzvi basa, uye ayo zvokuita havana kuwana rubatsiro kubva kumurume wake. Iye achinyatsotaurira pacharo iri basa apo hondo: raiva nzvimbo yemutekenyi panguva kubhomba, akatora mugove omubatanidzwa kumhara mu Normandy, akatarisa uye akafukidza kusunungurwa Dachau wevasungwa.

Atadza kutsungirira kuramba kusavapo wake uye wake oma pezvaaitsigira pamusoro venhau, Hemingway akamupa kokupedzisira. March sarudzo haana vachida kuroorana - iye akasarudza rusununguko uye ushingi. Asi nguva dzose akaramba pamumvuri yakakurumbira munyori.

Uyezve basa Marty Gellhorn

Panopera Hondo Yenyika II yakatanga wenhau kuti mishumo mamwe kurwisana kwemauto. In yechipiri yezana vaverengi XX remakore mapepanhau uye magazini panoonekwa zhinji zviitiko zviri kuburikidza meso Martha.

Kutyisa kuti vaNazi vaiita kwakatungamirira ndechokuti munyori vakarwira kodzero vechiJudha vanhu kwavo mamiriro, uye akanyorawo pamusoro yavasina nevaNazi.

The muchato wechitatu munyori, pamwe mupepeti mu mukuru "The Times" T. Matthews, yakanga yakareba, asi akanga yaputswa March mushure yokufungidzira refu kufumura yomurume wake. Martha Gellhorn, upenyu pachake kuti akanga ari mupfumi, asi zvikuru kundikana, pakupedzisira mwoyo kupfungwa yokuroora uye kumboroorwa. Life wenhau yakakanganiswa naye kuda muna 1998: kutambura nekenza uye kuva bofu zvachose, iye akatora guru dose kurapwa.

Munyori uye mutori Martha Gellhorn, mazwi nevakawanda kudzokororwa uye nemamwe mashoko nguva zhinji, akava mhando zvidhori feminists zvose uye akazvimirira vakadzi. The kupfuura zvinozivikanwa nemashoko ake pamusoro wake aimbova murume: "Ndaiva munyori usati akasangana naye, uye ndave nemakore 45 munyori pashure Nei ndichifanira kuva chete omuzasi muupenyu yomumwe munhu.?"