Khotyn Fortress: tsananguro, nhoroondo, ngano

Mubhuku nhoroondo Ukrainian guta rekare Hawtin akanyora hondo akawanda uye hondo dzinotyisa, kukunda kukuru uye kunobwinya kumukirawo. Khotyn nhare kwagara zvokudya zvinonaka chechingwa zvakasiyana-siyana nechisimba. The yakanaka nzvimbo pamharadzano dzenzira kuti nzira inokosha inotevera vatengesi zvinoita chinodiwa chayabata yakadaro. Khotyn nhare aida kukunda Turkish sultans, Polish uye Moldavia vatongi. Pane imwe nguva kwakanga mamiriro simba kupfuura yose Eastern Europe. Nhasi nhare mutaundi Hawtin aiziva somumwe Nomwe Zvinoshamisa Ukraine. Zvechokwadi hapana inokosha kushanya kune vaya vanomuda kutsika, zvinoera dzekare kare.

Legends nezvekwakabva

Nezvekwakabva shoko "Hawtin" rine zvakawanda zvakasiyana kusarudza. Vamwe ngano vanoti munhu wose anouya pano, aida kugara uye kurarama ichi akasiyana nhare.

Khotyn nenhare, iyo Photo rinotaurwa pazasi, zvechokwadi inonakidza. Zvisinei, pane imwe ngano. It inotiudza mukomana musikana, uyo akararama kare munyika idzi. Vaida kuroorwa. zita mwenga raiva Tin nomuroori - Ho. Asi vabereki vomusikana yaitipikisa kwomubatanidzwa uyu. Lovers akavaka chikepe pasi Dniester entrained pamusoro pavo isingazivikanwi nharaunda. Apo achanamatira pamhenderekedzo, ipapo kurarama nayo.

Canoe akasvika kune ichi chaizvo panzvimbo apo zvino anomira guta rekare uye ayo kwazvo Castle. Steel uye Ho Ting vanogara pano. Pamwe, vakanga zvizhinji, uye hunhu hwavo afadzwa runako rwayo.

Paiva nevaya vari murudo vana. Ivo akakura akaroorwa, kana akaroora. Zvishoma nezvishoma akakura pano Cities vachikudza muvambi waro Ho Ching. Zvisinei, ichi ndicho chete ngano. Nezvematangiro wakakombwa varipo munhoroondo mashoko.

Kwakabva Khotin

History of Khotyn wakakombwa akasiyana uye zvakazadza nemafungiro heroism. Maererano nevaongorori, misha wokutanga mundima, apo zvino pane nhare, akaonekwa 8-9 remakore. Chii Khotyn Fortress inzvimbo zvechokwadi kwazvo kugara, tinogona kuona nokutarisa mufananidzo pazasi.

Iyi inzvimbo huru zvose. With nyore kuwana mvura voitakura kunze kuyambuka rwizi Dniester. Izvi zvakaita kuti chidzoke panzvimbo ino chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana kwevanhu vazhinji vanotevera. Kuti adzivirire chaiyambuka ichi, uye chivako yakavakwa. Rakavakwa muzana remakore rechi12 uye panguva iyoyo yakavakwa huni.

Muna 1199 Hawtin ndanogara Galicia-Volyn kwavabati. Inenge panguva (muna 1219) vanotanga vachirwisa pasi gurusvusvu Mongol-Tatars. Pakadaro, ari vakashinga Prince Daniel Galitsky akasarudza zvakakomba kusimbisa nhare dzayo. Zvivako Wooden vakanga yakatsiviwa ibwe.

Dzakadai kugadzirisa knower uye Khotyn Fortress. Around wake-mita nomwe rurefu, akachera zvakadzika nomugero yakavakwa. The nhare rakavakwazve ari mashanu remakore rechi13. Kukura zviri zvishoma muduku zvivako ano, asi yake kuzvidzivirira basa rinoitwa zvakakwana. Pano yakavakwa kereke iyi anoshamisa memasvingo yokutanga.

Nhoroondo wakakombwa

Khotyn nenhare, mapikicha izvo riri pakudzokorora, zvino anochengeta chine kungoda emakore kuti ndagura rwawo rwematombo.

In yechipiri yezana remakore rechi14, nyika Khotina zvaiiswa pasi wenharaunda yaitongwa Moldavian weutungamiriri. Kubvira pakupera kwezana remakore iroro, ipapo akatanga kubuda yokugara vokuMoldova, uye muzana remakore rechi15 - uye vokuArmenia. Muna 1408 vokuMoldova Voevoda Aleksandr Good akasarudza kutora mumugwagwa Khotyn muripo weUS 2 sendi "nokuti mabhiza."

Kukombwa wakakombwa yakatanga muna 30s pakati rechi15 parutivi Polish feudal madzishe. Mumakore 1450-1455 paiva ravarwi Polish. Kuti varege kuva pakufambira kune hweOttoman vokuTurkey Gavhuna Stefan III Veliky akanyatsosiyana akachinja chitarisiko uye marongerwo wakakombwa muna Khotyn.

Nzvimbo chakaramba chichiwedzera, akamutsa padanho roruvanze, uye akanga akavaka shongwe yakakwirira vanenge 40 m. Gobvu Masvingo (5 m) vakanga vakaronga slits. Vanotaura vanoti paivakwa masvingo izvi vaiva vapenyu masvingo Musikana - sechibayiro kuna vanamwari. Saka veko kutsanangura panowanikwa nyoro makwapa pamadziro. Kutaura zvazviri, wokupedzisira here akaonekwa nzvimbo tsaru backfilled nomugero.

Muchivanze panguva imwe chete, vaviri yamambo pamwe yakadzika wedzimba dzakavakwa. Vakazivana masuwo. Chokwadi iri kumabvazuva mumuzinda chapero yakatangwa. Izvi mhando kuvakwa haana zvakachinja kwemazana emakore 6.

urongwa nhare

Khotyn nenhare, izvo zvinofanira nokungwarira vaiona urongwa zvakanaka chaizvoizvo akaronga kuzvidzivirira pakati. Kune akawanda shongwe siyana. Izvi zvinosanganisira Gate, South West, Commandant, North, East Tower. On kundima zvino riri kwomuchinda (Commandant) Palace. Muzana remakore rechi18 yemauto dzakavakwa pano.

Kare pane yakavakwa kereke uye akachera zvakadzika tsime. Mumwe zvakavanzika wakakombwa rusvingo rima nyoro gwapa usingavaki kuoma kunze chero kupisa, kana chando.

Inside Castle ingasvikwa kupfurikidza mabhiriji. Munguva dzekare, akasimuka uye akawira. Pazuva neizvi parutivi rwesuwo uye pane zambuko. Aiva mumwe rinokosha chakavanzika. Kana vavengi achiri akaputsa napasuvo, vakaitirana pamusoro yemapuranga papuratifomu. Action mashandiro yakavanzwa unoisa inofamba, uye vavengi chete akawira pasi. Pakanga akachera gomba umo akanamatira unopinza nembambo. Zvino inotyisa mashandiro zvokuti akanga Khotyn nhare, nezvikonzero pachena, hakusi kuwanika, asi kuona muvengi kuwa kudzika unogona nhasi.

Vachipinda muruvazhe, kurudyi uchaona chivakwa refu. It dzichengeterwe yemapurisa. Shure kwavo isangano. A zvimwe ndiye Prince raMwari Palace. Zvivako izvi zviviri vari pano kubvira panguva Stefana Velikogo. Pedyo yamambo padombo panguva iyoyo akanga gouged zvakanaka. Iye zvino ari pakati pechivanze.

tsime

Maererano description, zvakanaka, iri pamuganhu Khotyn nhare, ane kudzika 68 mamita. Yakafara iri 2.5 m. Akaidzikisa padombo, uye achiri mvura, akamuka kubva ayo pakadzika akakodzera kunwa. Hazvisi zvose mashoko anogona kuwanika pamusoro tsime iri Khotyn nhare.

Kwemazana emakore akawanda, chinhu ichi harimiri ruchiri kukangaidza vanhu vane simba rayo. Sezvo kunosanganisira zvakawanda ngano, uyo anosika mupfungwa Khotyn wakakombwa pacharo. Vanotaura vanoti panguva kupambwa vokuTurkey ichi haripindiki mamiriro wokutanga, mushonga murume akararama pano. Aiva mwanasikana - yakanaka Katherine. Munguva Turkish Pasha, aigara yemauto chete mwanakomana kurwara. Uye hakuna munhu aigona kumuporesa. Kuteerera basa rake, chiremba kuupenyu mwanakomana wamambo. Asi chero mwanakomana Pasha aiva mumba muroyi, akawira mu Katherine. Naizvozvo ndiye akanyura mugomba mweya, kuti muchinda haana kuda kutora musikana nechisimba muwanano aida iye pachake akauya kwaari.

Pavakaziva kuti Turkish Pasha vakamanikidza musikana wokuroora mwanakomana wake, kana baba vake vaityisidzirwa norufu. Kwapera gore, Catherine akabereka mwanakomana. Akanga blond bvudzi uye maziso ebhuruu. Pasha aisagona kuwana zvakakwana muzukurukomana wake uye akamupa yendarama mbereko.

Muroyi Doctor ndiyo nguva yose iyi kugona kuwana nzvimbo kushungurudzika, zvose aida kuti anonunura chete mwanasikana pakutapwa zvinonyadzisa. Rimwe zuva akawana nzira. Pashure vaiunganidza imwe yakatarwa wemiriwo brewed mushonga waizoita. Akakwanisa kupfuura nayo kumuzinda.

The mushonga waizoita aifanira kutendeuka Catherine uye mwanakomana wake mumvura. Saka vakakwanisa kutiza kumuzinda. Katherine vakanwa mushonga waizoita uye akamwisa navo mwana wavo. Zvadaro akakanda yendarama mbereko patsime. Saka vakakwanisa nda duku mumate kuburikidza masvingo wakakombwa. Vakanga vakamirira baba-muroyi. Asi akanga asingakwanisi kubvisa vatizi, sezvo paucheche akanga enchanted kwakatosimba nezvitsinga.

Vamwe Kwataigara vanoti nyoro patepi porusvingo - quatrain ichi, iri akavamirira kubvisa mwanakomana yekare. Izvi zvichaitika chete kana munhu achida kuwana yendarama mbereko kubva pasi patsime. Vanoti moonlit usiku unogona kuona sei ichivaima iri mumvura. Asi hapana munhu wakapiwa kusvikira maoko.

STRUCTURAL zvinhu

The nharaunda umo Khotyn Fortress, akasiyana matombo. Zvakaoma kufungidzira guru basa rinoitwa vavaki rekare vomutsa rokuvaka rakadaro.

Ndokumisapo yaro vanhuwo zvavo misha pedyo. Kusvika kumusoro, uko kwaiva Khotyn nhare, vaifanira hakumbofi pachangu kukwira ibwe, mvura uye madota. Mumazuva iwayo chirevo wakabudiswa pamusoro muunganidzwa zvakavakodzera muchimiro mazai uye mukaka. zvigadzirwa aya akawedzera kuti mhinduro kupa simba rokuvaka. Nemhaka iyi chishamiso mhinduro nhare masvingo vakamira kusvikira nhasi pasina chinokosha kukuvara. Vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanoti panguva Turkish nhare management ose ekukurerai dzakamanikidzwa vazviise mukaka, rinova akawedzera kuti mhinduro iri kuzoita aparadza masvingo pashure wakakombwa.

Khotyn nenhare, mashoko pamusoro iri kuwanikwa vashanyi uye vaenzi, ane tsika pachivande tunnels. Ivo kuchiwana dzose zvivako dzavarwi. Underground vagari inochengetwa zvokudya, Vakaunganidza zvombo. Pano raiva uye tirongo. Vapanduki vanoramba zuva-nezuva dhonza kugomo rinorema mabwe kuiswa mugomba. Muna 1491 makanga kunyange murimi mudiki nokumukira kaienda Andrew Borulya. The ratidziro nokukurumidza woutsinye, uye zvikurukuru akatanga uye shamwari dzake kwenguva unokusuwa ari pevhu wakakombwa. Andreyu Borule adimburwe musoro mukuru pachivara. neshamwari dzake akadonha kubva North Tower. Rakanga chirefu kupfuura chivako munharaunda.

Zvisinei, kazhinji, vasungwa vari pevhu anodonha pasi East Tower. Saka, inonzi Kuurayisa Tower. Mhosva varume vakawira matombo pazasi Dniester. Zvaionekwa chiratidzo chakaipa kana ropa rakadeurwa munguva yorugare munhare. It anofanotaura hondo ropa.

Yomuchinda Palace

Muchinda Palace akanga yakavakwa muzana remakore rechi15. Gare gare akapiwa zita Commandant mekutongera. Uyu ndiwo mumwe zvivako zvikuru yakaisvonaka, iyo ine pamusoro wayo ndima Khotyn nhare. Description izvozvo kunogona kuva nguva unoparadza. Asi zvinofadza zvikuru nezvemashandiro France - zviri muenzaniso dzvuku chidhinha uye ibwe jena yakanaka. Pamberi yamambo iri remuti horo yezhizha kuti mabiko.

Munguva Turkish kubatwa wakakombwa panhurikidzwa yechipiri mumuzinda revakadzi raiva Pasha. Panguva iyoyo pakanga vakadzi vanenge 30 vakanga madzimai mutongi. Maererano nengano, paiva Potocki uye hanzvadzi Sophia, inozivikanwa runako kwayo. Vanoti, hanzvadzi kunyange akasangana kakawanda

Pasha aida madzimai avo vasine munzira dzose. Kwavari, pasi mirairo yake vakanga vavaka pedyo masvingo eguta dzokugezera, uye kunyange aiva pool.

mvura hurongwa

Kare muzana remakore rechi15, vagari nhare yaiva kwegadziriro mvura uye sewerage. Zviri zvikuru zvakajairika iyoyo. Mvura akapa zvakananga kubva kurwizi.

Amenities akanakidzwa kwete chete vanoremekedzwa vezvikwata, asi zvizvarwa zvavo. Khotyn nhare aiva zvimbuzi, rakanga zvokudya kune rokumusoro kuhondo mvura, uye vanhuwo zvavo kugutsikana pombi dzinotakura tsvina unomhanya masvingo wakakombwa.

The White Tower of Tower Palace yakanga yakafanana hurongwa tsvina kubuda. Uyu kumbonyanya zvinogamuchirika nheyo mapaipi drains the panguva. High pamusoro porusvingo havagoni kuona chinhu, nokuti kubviswa rinoitwa. Mvura uye chando shambidza zvose.

Nokuti VIPs kunyange madziva kuvhiyiwa. Comfort kubva pakushandisa pemvura, pasinei nokuti muchivanze yaiva remakore rechi15, zvakaoma kuona. Fort Khotyn ichi kuenzaniswa zvakanaka chete nematende dzakawanda dzeEurope.

zviitiko

zviitiko zvakawanda akatora nzvimbo pasi masvingo wakakombwa. Muna 1621 pakava hondo pakati hondo Ukrainian-Polish vokuTurkey. Saka rakaguma kusimudzira hweOttoman Empire kumadokero. hondo iyi kare kukosha akaponesa Europe pakutongwa vokuTurkey. Akatarira Khotyn nhare. How kusvika kunzvimbo iyi inokosha, izvozvo ichakurukurwa pashure.

Nemhaka ushingi uye anonzwisisa, Cossacks inotungamirwa Hetman Peter Sagaidachnogo akakunda hondo iyi.

Muna 1673 makanga kurwisana khotyn. Hetman Jan Sobieski akakunda hondo vokuTurkey. A yakawanda zviitiko kare zvinokosha vakaziva munyika idzi.

Muzana remakore rechi18, mukuru Russian Empire 4 nguva vakatora Hawtin. Lomonosov akanyora "ode pamusoro wokukundwa Khotin" vakazvitsaurira mumwe navavengi izvi.

How kusvika munhare

Kuti tisvike Khotyn Fortress, unofanira kuuya kubva Kiev muna Kamenetz-Podolsk muchitima. Kubva bhazi nhamba 1 muna Odessa kuva bhazi. Kana uchironga kufamba nemotokari, zvadaro kuenda mufambi vachatitaka nzira yacho M20. Kubva Kamenetz-Podolsk vanofanira kuenda kumaodzanyemba. Zvinofanira zvakaitika 27 chete? Km. Nehanya inofanira kupiwa nguva yokuti Khotyn nhare akabvumira vashanyi. Zvikasadaro, kutyaira makiromita vakawanda kutsvaka pekugara, kufamba uye zvinofanira kuwedzerwa.

Kushanda maawa Khotyn nhare rinotanga kubva 9:00 am uye rinoguma 6 pm. Kuwana mari rubles anenge 30. Zvino kana uchida kutora mifananidzo kana kupfura kunaka zvivako yekare vhidhiyo, uchava kubhadhara 20-30 rubles.

Fortress Khotyn, zvirokwazvo akasiya segungwa asingakanganwiki nefemero. Magic runako zvakasikwa, pamwe zvakavanzika uye ngano vanochengeta masvingo zvivako - ichi zvose zviri chokwadi kufadza chero nomuenzi.