Julia Dobrovol'skaya: Biography, mabasa uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Dobrovol'skaya Julia Abramovna kuzivikanwa muna pedagogical uye zvesayenzi yeChina. munorumbidzirweiko Its aiva pakusikwa kwenyika yakanakisisa Italian mutauro bhuku, yakakwana maduramazwi: Russian-Italian uye Italian-Russian.

Zviri upenyu hwake zvaida mafirimu, mabhuku, nyaya, akadzidzisa vadzidzi asingaverengeki. Professor Milan, Trieste, Trent University Dobrovol'skaya wakaita kupfuura ani zvake kuti popularize mutauro wokuRussia muItaly. Kupfuura kamwe Hurumende Italian akaita paakavapa mibayiro yacho pasango tsika.

Childhood, kuyaruka

25/08/1917 muna Nizhny Novgorod mumhuri imwe forester akaberekwa yemberi musayendisiti-nyanzvi Julia Dobrovol'skaya. Biography wake panguva yokuyaruka pakataurwa mhuri yakatamira kuchamhembe guta. baba vake vakaenda kunoshanda panguva Leningrad kugadzirwa akaronga, uye amai vangu - mudzidzisi Chirungu.

Mushure chikoro, musikana pakusarudzwa wokupupura rakanga riri ramai makwara, kupinda rorusununguko LIFLI. Nevadzidzisi Julia zvikuru rombo: nyika akakurumbira musayendisiti Propp V. Ya vangasimudzira akadzidzisa vadzidzi kwete chete mutauro wokuGermany, uye anotsanangura sei izvi mutauro pfungwa.

Kusvikira kumugumo woupenyu hwake Abramovna Julia aionga Vladimiru Yakovlevichu taimudzidzisa zvinokosha ounyanzvi - kuva Polyglot. Mune ramangwana, uchishandisa vakawana ruzivo mukwende Julia Dobrovol'skaya akakwanisa kunyatsodzidza mitauro inenge yavo inokosha European.

dzidzo Brilliant chamuita kuti euphoria: yemberi yaiva nechido Koshanda "nhare mudenga."

Her kumanikidzwa kusaina

Ndakaverenga wake Biography angamuka kushamwaridzana netambo Vladimira Vysotskogo: "Snow isina tsvina sezvo upenyu refu pasina nhema ...".

Akanga aona chando akadaro Suburban mumusasa. Uye asati kuti, iye akapomerwa kusina musoro mutariri hurumende (art. 58-1 "mumwe") kuti vataizokwanisa vaizopfurwa kana makore 15 ari mujeri. Julia Dobrovol'skaya, pasinei kufurirwa, akapona uye haana kuzivikanwa rinorambidzwa mhosva.

mukadzi uyu haana kuwedzera kuti chii vatevedzere matanho acho vake vejeri mukati merima-akavakirirwa pevhu. mumwe mutsara chete mwoyo nomuromo wake: "Unogona kungofungidzira: Lubyanka, Lefortovo, Butyrka ..."

Pashure vakakundikana kuedza kuputsa, akatumirwa hovrinsky kumusasa. "Memory" iwayo nguva muupenyu hwake hwakaramba nekusagona vana somugumisiro zvakaoma.

Kuda-nemakore 28 mukadzi akasunungurwa pasi ruregero muna 1945.

Dobrovol'skaya pamusoro Stalin mamishinari Spain

Akava zvakavaomera pashure "rwendo" kuSpain.

Komsomolskaya Yuliya Dobrovolskaya akapindura kudanwa "murume nguvo rehurumende," vaturikiri basa kubatanidzwa kubatsira Republicans. Asi mumakore matatu iye akaziva chii Stalin akatuma 30.000 zvechiuto uye enkavedeshnyh nyanzvi.

"Internationalists" aine uto kubereka, vakashumira mazano, kwete chete mumapoka zvombo Republicans, asiwo consultants kuenda pave analogue of NKVD. Cervantes yokumusha kugadzirira kuva nyika partocracy. Of yomunharaunda Communist "Vanhu Front" vashanyi akaita zvakafanana Bolshevik commissars.

Vaya expropriated chaiyo, vaibata vachiita vomunyika dzavo. VokuSpain Catholic nechisimba Akaedza kupinda havatendi kuti Mwari ariko, rakavhuvhuta kereke uye akauraya vapristi. Events yakataurwa Stalin Nyaya "kirasi hondo."

Kuziva mhosva pamberi vokuSpain

Vagari akagamuchira tichivashanyira "mamwe masoja" sezvo nevaFascist vakaona mabasa avo, kuti kusimuka uye atsigire mauto mutinied. Zvikurukuru, uye "Spanish Chapaev" (kare akadzidziswa Frunze Academy, mumwe Yulii Abramovny Valentin Gonzalez) akasvika pamhedziso pamusoro kufanana nevaFascist vaKomonisiti.

Mari mamiriyoni evanhu ari Spanish Republicans vakakurirwa, uye "internationalists" akadzingwa. Julia Dobrovol'skaya kumba, akati chinhu pamusoro zvaakaona uye ruzivo.

Aiva shamwari pakati vanhu nemotokari, ipapo mwoyo Soviet Union. Girl-mushanduri aiva kuoneka munhu (runoratidzwa mufananidzo yaro yokufungidzira "Nokuti Ndivanaani Bell Tolls" by Ernest Hemingway).

Zviri pachena chaizvo Kare USSR musikana "pachine, uye chete kana": kubva kutya kuti iye anyore pamusoro Spanish hondo iri dzokuMadokero nhau, kana kuita chinhu chakadaro.

Pashure pemakore 40, mushanduri uchava Barcelona, uye uchaburukira mundege rinorema mwoyo, kunzwa nyadzi kuti basa wechiduku.

akabatsira kupona

Anoyeuka Julia Abramovna ndigere kwake pasi pejoko, chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti haana shungu, kwete kurega kuona zvakanaka vanhu. Iye akatevera mutemo uyu, nokucherechedza, nomusoro, uye nemhaka vanhu vanoita mabasa akanaka panguva kudanwa kwomweya. Zvisinei, pakati pavo, zviri vanoonga chaizvo:

• murume wake wokutanga dzakatsarukana Dobrovolskomu Evgeniyu Aleksandrovichu, nomenklatura, zhenivshemusya kuti "zechke" uye chibayiro mabasa avo;
• fekitari injiniya hovrinskogo-musasa Mikhailov, ronga wake muturikiri;
• ndachena vhudzi, dzakaondoroka wemapurisa mukuru, panguva nyaya pangozi yako wake pasipoti panzvimbo gwaro kusunungurwa.

Ndiudzei kuti shamwari dzako ndivanaani ...

Izvi zvavanoisa yekare Roman yave hadzichinji nguva. Makore akawanda ushamwari akasungwa Yuliyu Dobrovolskuyu nevakawanda vakakodzera uye anoshamisa vanhu:

• musungwa Gulag, kodzero yevanhu nemumiriri, mabhuku mutsoropodzi Lev crackdown;
• nyanduri, mushanduri, mutori Korney Chukovsky;
• publicist, mushanduri, nyanduri, mutori Iley Erenburgom;
• Kampessino (Valentinom Gonsalesom) mutungamiriri akaita zvokuvhoterwa dzakwidzwa vaidzvinyirirwa;
• vana Italian kuti munyori Gianni Rodari storyteller;
• painter Renato Guttuso;
• Professor MSU Merabhi Mamardashvili;
• munyori Flughafen Berberovoy, mudzimai Vladislava Hodasevicha.

upenyu Personal

Julia Dobrovol'skaya pashure nokubudiswa mitauro yokumwe akadzidzisa panguva Moscow Institute kubvira 1946 kusvika 1950. Akanga avimbiswa pakudzidzisa uye mushanduro basa.

Nomazvo uye nenheyo zvakanga wakaomera propartiynyh manipulators. Mhosva izvozvo nokukurumidza kuwanikwa. Kamwe Julia Abramovna akashandurira nyaya kugutsikana Catholic. Mudzidzisi uye mushanduri zvakazara zvikuru "nehana pamanyorerwo yeSoviet."

Akanga vanogumurwa kubva basa rake. The kumanikidzwa chakasimba kuti murume wake wokutanga Evgeny Dobrovolsky akasiya naye.

Zvisinei, Julia Dobrovolskaya akakwanisa mushure chokwadi kuti kuratidza ayo nyaya uye kuwana basa pa MGIMO. Ikoko, wake hanya akava mukuru weDhipatimendi Romance mitauro Gonionskiy S. A., vakanga vakaroorana. Mudzimai, Semyon Alexandrovich aiva kurudziro uye kutsigira chairo. Nokuda kurwara Dobrovol'skaya murume makore gumi namapfumbamwe chirikadzi.

nyanzvi basa

Chikonzero achinyora kubva USSR muzvinadzidzo akava mukuru Kurambidzwa risiti waro dzakawanda mubayiro.

Muna 1964 akapedza basa rake kunozivikanwa bhuku Julia Dobrovol'skaya "Practical Course yomutauro Italian." Zviya, kusvikira ikozvino (nokuti hafu yezana remakore), ichi zvinobatsirei munhu muzinda vadzidzi-philologists. Nokuti basa iri, a vakaziva chaiwo, muna 1970 hurumende Italian paakavapa MGIMO mudzidzisi Yuliyu Abramovnu National mubayiro nokuda kubudirira mune tsika.

Zvisinei, zviremera zveSoviet haana kubvumira kwake kuenda kune imwe nyika kuti mubayiro. Julia Dobrovol'skaya, mushanduri kubva pasi pose, ndainzwa sokuti jaya inobatwa pamadziro casemates. It zvechokwadi Zvinotarisirwa kuti pamwe kuwa mutungamiri reropa hwechiFascist, uye pakasvika nyungudika 60 kuti pakupedzisira kukwanisa kushanda pachena, zvikuru mwoyo. Professor akaziva kuti akanga asiri Institute muboka revatungamiriri, ayo uswa - hakufadzi negadziriro.

More kuti kwakaita mumwe Abramovna Julia vakasagona. Muna 1982, iye anopinda kuroorana naye wokuItaly mugari uye anosiya nyika. Izvi zvakabatsira shamwari yake Milanese Emmy Moresco, uyo akakumbira nyasha shamwari yake Ugo Dzhussani.

"Mudzidzisi roupenyu"

Achisiya kuItaly kubva USSR, Dobrovol'skaya Julia achiri chete, "mudzidzisi": iri nguva dzose vakapoteredzwa pagungwa vadzidzi nemibvunzo. Anoudza zvaaidzidzisa inokurudzirwa. Akashanda kwazvo, pasinei makore 65 ekuberekwa.

Zvakangoitikawo kuti musoro mapurofesa Soviet pano rinoreva zvishoma zvazvo nyanzvi dzemitauro omunharaunda uye vakashamiswa rakakura Russian mudzidzisi ruzivo. Julia Abramovna aida kutaura kuti akanga hapana akapa. Makore manomwe gare gare, akava purofesa uye Italy. Her doctorate chinyorwa raiva chiitiko kuti vezvesayenzi munyika.

Dobrovol'skaya zvamagara mumiririri mukuru tsika - Russian. Iye muchirongwa Bhuku rakashandurwa mabhuku kwake mumhuri Classics. VokuItaly vanoyemurwa "mudzidzisi Russian": munyori Marcello Venturi akaudza nezvazvo yokufungidzira yake "Gorky Street, 8, Apartment 106". (Noumwe nguva yakanga kero yake kumba).

Kazhinji pamberi vaaidzidzisa Italian vaiva misodzi apo, pamusoro chikumbiro, kutiudza pamusoro hwake Julia Dobrovol'skaya. Biography muturikiri uye mudzidzisi akanga akafanana rainakidza yokufungidzira: "Sei iwe here aitofanira kutsungirira Paakafa, yunivhesiti vashandi vakaona pomudzimai 2016, kuti mabasa ayo zvakakwana zvesayenzi chakanakira muchikwata ?.?!

It kuitira zvakaitika kuti nyika mbiri, mbiri tsika, mararamiro maviri zvinoratidzwa yakaoma kutapwa mukadzi uyu.

mhedziso

Pashure pokuwa USSR, yava anoramba kuuya kumba nokuzvidira kupa kubvunzurudza.

Pamugumo hwake akaoma epistolary ndangariro vomunyika akasiya Julia Dobrovol'skaya. Books achidzidzisa Italian-Russian, vachibuda peni yake, vaisanganisa nokuda dzakaunganidzwa oupenyu «Post Scriptum. Panzvimbo netsamba. "

Mudzidzisi, mushanduri kubva munyika zvechokwadi uye zvakavanzika kukurukura netsika akaudza vaverengi pamusoro nyika, apo iye akanga, pamusoro mifungo yavo uye manzwiro pamusoro neshamwari.
Paakafa, vaya aiziva wake vakabvumirana pane mafungiro kuti, pashure wake kuenda akasiya isina maonero musiyapaduku. All aitofanira kuita, zvose akaudza, zvose zvakanyorwa.