Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy - muiti wechokwadi rechipiri hafu XIX remakore

Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy, yokudhirowa rechipiri yezana remakore rechi19, akaburuka munhau sezvo muvambi mudzimba kupenda muiti wechokwadi kuitika unyanzvi. Aishingaira anovandudza nenhungamiro yakaoma realism mubasa rake, uyewo nyaya yokuti art. Vazhinji emifananidzo ake vanonzi Classics wokuRussia kupenda. Munyori aiva mwene Portraits, nhoroondo uye Genre mifananidzo.

kwakarongwa vitae

Kramskoy, yokudhirowa, inozivikanwa ake sezvazviri mifananidzo, akaberekwa muna 1837 muna Voronezh mupurovhinzi pakati mhuri kirasi. Akapedza kudzidza ostrogorzhskoe chikoro chaicho, asi nekuda urombo hwemhuri akanga asingakwanisi kuramba dzidzo yavo chesekondari. Ndichishanda veko Duma, akava kufarira Photo retouching. Nokukurumidza, mudzidzisi wake akanga M. Tulin uyo akamudzidzisa zvinokosha kupenda. Makore mashomanana gare gare Kramskoy, emhizha zvakanakisisa kuzivikanwa Portraits ake, akatamira St. Petersburg, apo akatanga ake zvinoyevedza basa zvibereko, izvo kusvikira kufirwa muna 1887.

Kudzidza ari chikoro

Muna 1857, akava mudzidzi Academician Markov, uyo specialized munhau kupenda. Panguva zvidzidzo zvake akagamuchira Medals zvinoverengeka vose mifananidzo yake uye makopi emifananidzo vamwe Artists pamusoro madingindira dzechitendero. A duku menduru yegoridhe ramangwana akakurumbira painter akapiwa mufananidzo rwakazvitsaurira kuna nyaya dzemuBhaibheri.

For the artist musoro pamwe kodzero yokugamuchira ezvinhu mudyandigere aitofanira kuti makwikwi basa pavaipfuura Air sagas. Zvisinei, Kramskoy, yokudhirowa, kuedza kuti musoro mufananidzo nezviitiko uye zvakasikwa rusununguko, pamwe nevamwe vadzidzi gumi nenhatu vakatendeukira Academy of Management aine chikumbiro kuti avabvise makwikwi, tuzvikonzero chido kwayo kuti vanoda kunyora nyaya dziri pachavo unofarira. Pashure vaduku Painters akamisa zvinoyevedza chaiita zvavo, izvo, zvisinei, waiva wenguva pfupi, sezvo nhengo dzayo nokukurumidza vakasarudza kutamira hurumende tigutsikane.

"Peredvizhniki"

Painter Kramskoy, vane mifananidzo kare mukutanga nguva basa rake rava chinhu iconic chiitiko muupenyu tsika hwacho, akava mumwe varongi uye pfungwa inspirers sangano iri. Nhengo dzayo vakarwira mirawu realism iri mifananidzo, vanoshingaira munzanga nedzevanhu nzvimbo nenyanzvi. In basa rake, munyori akadzivirira mirawu realism. Aidavira kuti kupenda havafaniri chete kuva dzechokwadi, asi kutakura tsika uye rokudzidzisa zvaanoreva. Naizvozvo, kunoshanda zvikuru zvinoshamisa akandipa.

Munguva 1870s, munyori anosika nhevedzano yose zvinoshamisa Portraits ake nomukurumbira vomuzuva: anonyorera mufananidzo NdiTolstoy, Nekrasov, Shishkin, Tretyakov nevamwe. In dzino, kanoda inogarwa mufananidzo the artist Kramskoy zvakasikwa naye muna 1867. dandemutande ichi ane mukuru mwero realism sezvo vamwe basa rake kumwedzi.

Portrait of Nikolai Nekrasov

Portraits zhinji munyori akanyorwa manyorero Genre mifananidzo. Vanoratidzwa pavo dzinoturwa vanhu vari kuita, saka mifananidzo vari mifananidzo kubva upenyu uye nzira youpenyu.

Muenzaniso ndiro basa inozivikanwa womufananidzo, "Nekrasov panguva" Songs Last "," 1877-1878 gore. In kupenda ichi, yokudhirowa vakabuda kuratidza yakakurumbira nyanduri pabasa okupedzisira nguva hwake. Kazhinji, ari wakadhirowewa basa akaita basa rinokosha musoro dzevanhu mupfungwa zvakaitika, kuti dambudziko rufu, kana kuvhunduka. In mabasa vatenzi zvidzidzo izvi vasina evanhu divi, sapamazuva mabasa mamwe Painters. Aigara Akaratidza kurwisa nomweya chirwere uye chinonyanya doro vakakwanisa kuratidza pfungwa iyi pamufananidzo apa.

Vakadzi Portraits

Zvichida anozivikanwa kupfuura basa tenzi - ". The ndokundoudza" kupenda Artist Kramskoy akasimbisa kunaka muenzaniso wake. Akasimbisa kuti chiri dzomumaguta fashionistas, saka kunyatsoongorora akarayira chimiro yake: munhu akapfuma mbava jasi, flirty chomumusoro yakanaka zvishongo uye micheka.

Achiratidza kuti pakanyorwa kuti mufananidzo uyu kukosha: ngachipiwe ari maumi, sezvo munyori vose dzedu chinotaura pamusoro kwezvokufuka musikana. Iye kunyanya aifarira kunyora Portraits womufananidzo Ivan Kramskoy. munyori wacho Mifananidzo ndiwo akasiyana kumunetsawo.

Kana mukadzi ari pamufananidzo apa unoratidza vanozvikudza chivimbo pose, muenzaniso uri kanivhasi "Girl naye jeko," nokuda Mukupesana, kunoratidzwa zvakaoma, kunyange kurwadza nguva apo airatidzika kusiya vamwe vose uye zvachose zindoga. Naizvozvo, nechiso chake, kusiyana nechitarisiko womutorwa, anotaura zvakadzika kuramba kufunga, kusuruvara uye kusuwa chiedza.

"Dzisinganyaradziki Grief"

mufananidzo uyu kupendwa muna 1884, rakafuridzirwa wakadhirowewa pachake kurwadziwa, uyo akafirwa nomwanakomana wake. Naizvozvo, somukadzi, kuratidzwa mune zvokupfeka yokuchema, kuziva zvinhu mukadzi nemunyori.

kupenda Izvi zvakasiyana nemamwe mabasa munyori kuti mwoyo, izvo zvinonzi zvakazadza. In nechepakati kanivhasi anoratidza repakati mukadzi ari rokwe dema. It rinomira pedyo bhokisi izere nemaruva. kuchema kwake runoratidzwa kwete nzvimbo, riri chaizvo dzinongoitika, uye kunyange vakasununguka, uye meso ake uye kutamira ake, iyo iye runonditsikirira wekumeso pamuromo wake. kupenda ichi pamwe ndomumwe akasimba muna yokudhirowa uye Russian uri zvavo.