Kunstkamera muna Saint Petersburg: Museum

Kunstkamera muSt Petersburg (zita rizere -. Museum of Anthropology uye Ethnography zita Petra Velikogo, Russian Academy of Sciences) yakavambwa Mambo Peter Mukuru muSt Petersburg. It akazarura muna 1714.

Vanodarika miriyoni zvinoratidza inounganidzwa muna Kunstkammer panguva, asi vemakumi kana mazana miziyamu pamusoro curiosities kuti vanobatanidzwa pashoo shoma, vakaunzwa naPetro Mukuru kubva yokufamba ake muEngland uye Holland, iyo mambo zvavakaita 1698. Vatariri mhiri kwemakungwa mambo akashanyira mamiziyamu, vanoyemurwa "zvinoshamisa kwazvo" muunganidzwa rarities uye pakupedzisira, ndakasarudza kwazvo muRussia yakafanana vanhu Russian. Zvigayo Zvaishanda pfungwa iyi, Peter akatanga kutenga zvisingawanzoitiki zvinhu, mabhuku ekare, zvombo, maturusi midziyo - zvose zvinogona kushamisa. Huge muunganidzwa vakaunzwa Moscow, mumuzinda wamambo. Naizvozvo Curiosities - wokutanga Russian miziyamu.

nyaya

Yoga akaunganidzawo zvokurapa anatomical rarities akachengetedzwa doro freaks mucheche, vamwe uchapupu dzinongoitika anomalies, zvinhu zvoupenyu yekare uye upenyu yekare vanhu. Mazana nemamwe Exhibits akaumba hwaro "curiosities cabinet" yeRussian chamber. Dzimba of Moscow dzokugara Petro haasisina dzichengeterwe Exhibits pasi pose iye akatuma nhume, yakatumwa kutsvaka uye kutenga zvinhu zvinoshamisa. Yakanga yakasarudza kutakura fuma, "hofisi wamambo" muSt Petersburg uye kuvaka chivako chinokosha nokuda Kunstkammer. Kutama yakaitwa muna 1714, vose Exhibits vanombosunungurwa muNzvimbo Summer Palace. Zvino ari mumuzinda Yakanga yakatsvikinyidzana, vakawanda vavo akaisa mumba Boyar Kikin - vanonzi kikinskie Chamber. Zvakanga akasarudza kuvaka miziyamu chivakwa yake, uye nzvimbo rakasarudzwa ayo kuvakwa panguva muromo Vasilyevsky Island, iri pamberi Winter Palace, riri mukati Hermitage.

Start okuvaka

Peter Construction of miziyamu chakatangwa muna 1718 uye kwemakore anenge maviri. Pakazosvika nguva rufu mambo - muna 1725 - taifanira kuvaka rusvingo chete. The mapurani raiva Johann Georg Mattarnovi akasika chirongwa iri Baroque manyorerwo uye kuvaka kusvika 1719. Pashure porufu rwake, iye akaramba kuvakwa Nicholas Gerbel. Muna 1724 Gaetano Kiaveri akatora muhofisi mapurani. Muna 1726 iri kuvaka miziyamu vakatanga kupinza Exhibits.

mamiriro

Two-storey matatu pakuvaka miziyamu dzine chokuita kuti Tiered shongwe ine Baroque rising. The Exhibits yepasisa yose kumabvazuva Bapiro zvakaoma, riri kumadokero Russian Academy of Sciences, avhareji kwedzimba ndiye Anatomical Theater, uye akaronga Gottorp Globe uye Observatory pamusoro payo, iri shongwe pacharo. Muna 1830, ivo Museum of Curiosities muna Saint-Petersburg yave akakamurwa zvina vakaparadzana Botanical, ethnographic, zoological uye mineralogical, rimwe nerimwe munyika iyi ndiyo chikamu chikuru mamiziyamu. Thematically Curiosities ine zvikamu zvisere:

• Nhoroondo Kunstkammer. Russian nesayenzi of XVIII remakore.
• Anatomical chikamu.
• North America.
• India uye Indonesia.
• Japan.
• China uye Mongolia.
• Africa.
• Australia uye Oceania.

History Kunstkamery

Museum of Curiosities muSt Petersburg inosanganisira kuratidzira matatu: "Museum of M. V. Lomonosova", "Astronomical Observatory of Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg" uye "Gottorp Globe-chiumbwa chomufananidzo wenyika". The pashoo zvinoratidza mazuva Kunstkammer, zvakawanda vakazvipira basa University uye St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences mangwanani, kuti Observatory uye nguva chaiyo basa, iri nechepakati peshongwe miziyamu, uyewo kudyidzana pakati kwakajairika mutsetse Petersburg Meridian. Permament dzinoratidza Conference Room of St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

anatomical chikamu

Kunstkamera muSt Petersburg (Photo munyaya ino) ane anonakidza anatomi chikamu. Pano, mumwe zviratidzwa guru inounganidzwa kubva kanganisika rarities rwokuzvarwa mavambo :. This anatomical deformities, mienzaniso sirenomelia, Siamese mapatya, cyclops mwana gwayana chine misoro miviri, etc. chikuru inoratidzirwa rinosanganisira muunganidzwa pamusoro Dutch anatomist Frederik Ruysch, iyo akawana Peter Mukuru wemuno muna 1717 gore.

North America

Kunstkamera muSt Petersburg chinhu kwamagwaro wakayeriswa rekare vanhu North America kondinendi - the Eskimos, maIndia, Aleuts. The pashoo rinosanganisira dzimba hwokumusoro marudzi, kuti chinyakare pakuvaka - tsono denda yaranga. Yokugara maIndia kuratidzwa muchimiro vadzimu izvi, ane chaiwo uye pasina coloring. Uyewo pachiratidzwa National dhirezi yekare vagere North America, vakaitwa kubva kwematehwe, furs, minhenga uye chirimwa fibers.

India uye Indonesia

Vanhu South Asia anomiririrwa muna Kunstkammer munyika dzose kusiyana: pano uye mumusha marudzi ekare, uye kubika nemidziyo, uye zvombo kuti zvokudya uye nako kurwa. Nzvimbo inokosha yeZvombo kwamagwaro India nenzvimbo imwe nzira curved nemapanga anonzi "Kris" - chakaipisisa, asina ngoni kutonhora maoko, akafanana rurimi womoto. Asi vazhinji Exhibits chikamu hurukuro pamusoro rugare. Nevakawanda kumiririrwa yemitambo iri chaiyo veshalah yaora yekare theatre vechirume masutu, ipapo vanonyatsoteerera puppets. A chinhambwe kure ari enhaurirano zvesimba pamusoro yemitambo mimvuri. zvinoratidza Vakawanda akavezwa namatanda vakauya kubva siyana Indian kumatunhu.

Japan

Zvemumba uye Japanese yekare Ainu vanhu vanogara eJapan zvitsuwa zviri prehistoric nguva, zviri dzaitaurwa chikamu kunyika kumabvazuva ethnography. Zvizhinji pfungwa rwakabhadharwa kuna Japanese vezvenhau kuti hove uye kuvhima. The pashoo rine hove chaiyo anokurukura, chinyakare nezvikokovonho, mambure uye zvakasiyana-siyana zviteyeso akauya Kunstkammer kane kure, vamwe Exhibits anopfuura zviuru 10 makore. Oga akaratidza zvombo uye nezvombo vokuJapan Samurai. Kunstkamera muSt Petersburg ndiye Samurai minondo "Katana", izvo pamwe vakasiyana nemapanga 'kusungobu "nokuti tsika vanozviuraya - harakiri. Panewo munhukadzi kupira nemapanga, saka duku kuti havana ichionekwawo hadzi ruoko, asi zvisinei vakanga vakatakura rufu. Naizvozvo banga aiva mukadzi zvakakwana Samurai nemhuri kubata pamutsipa, uye iye wakange achitandadza.

China uye Mongolia

Kunstkamera - Museum, iro rinotaura China sezvo nyika vawana porcelain, sirika uye gunpowder. Antique anogadza zvoupfu China akazadzwa chokupfeka. Pano, asingaverengeki mikombe uye saucers, kofi hari shuga nembiya. Nezvirongo anounganidzwa uye vakakamurwa kwamachinda nzira sezvo porcelain mukombe nyore murimi uye mukuru anokudzwa zvikuru zvakasiyana. The pashoo rinoratidza yakakurumbira Chinese cloisonne, zvigadzirwa zvakaitwa pfupa, namabwe namatanda. Natural nesirika, yakarukwa nemaoko pakati Varuki yekare haina zvakachinja kwemazana emakore, zvichiri sezvo mavara. A kanoda pashoo rinoratidza-solar mvura hita. Kombiyuta yave anenge ose Chinese musha: hemisphere nezvionioni, akaronga kuti chezuva airatidza kubva nezvionioni, vachiunganidzwa svinga uye kumisa kupopotedzana muhadyana.

Kunstkamera muSt Petersburg ndiye Mongolian kuratidzwa, umo huru zviratidzwa chinhu Yurt - nomad yokugara iyo inogona akapeta uye kuendeswa kune imwe nzvimbo. yurts izvi dzinowanda kubva pakutanga XV remakore. Pakati refu yematanda mbariro kuenda nesefa sehofisi chinoumba, ipapo slatted puranga akafukidzwa vakanzwa uye ligate tambo. The Yurt chakagadzwa nenzira yakadaro kuti pamusuo rakatarisa zasi. Uise rusvingo pakatarisana nomukova, zvaionekwa unokudzwa, uye kazhinji pane akagara dzinodiwa vakokwa. Mukuwedzera, romukati nzvimbo yacho Yurt rakakamurwa navarandakadzi sezvikamu. In pakati musha waiva muzinda, nzvimbo vaiona tsvene.

MuArabhu kazhinji achinja nzvimbo yavo yokugara, zvakanga zvakakodzera kutsvaka mafuro emombe. Also kuratidzwa ndivo Mongolian kurima zvokushandisa, bhiza saddles, harnesses uye magumbezi namabhiza.

Africa

Kunstkamera - Museum, iro anewo kamuri hwakatsaurirwa kondinendi African. Rine nhoroondo yevanhu vatema inorarama emakore mashoma apfuura vari kumaodzanyemba Sahara Desert. Pane chinyakare kurima maturusi, yematanda magejo kudhonzwa nenzombe anozoratidza zvinhu zvezuva nezuva uye artefacts, artfully rakagadzirwa Ebony.

Australia uye Oceania

Australian inoratidzirwa ine kunonyanya Kubata giya uye kuvhima zvokushandisa, izvo zvemo kuti awane chouviri yavo. VokuAustralia vakawanda siyana, uye kukohwewa maparera kubva pasi pasi pevhu. Kuti vaite izvi, vakanga anokosha mano, izvo raimiririra ari kuratidza.

Kunstkamera muSt Petersburg, Exhibits nokuti vakange vatumwa kubva pasi pose, ramba kuwedzera kwavo chokupfeka.