Israeri Palestine: nhoroondo kunetsana (zvishoma)

Nokuti kunzwisisa zvakarurama makakatanwa akamuka pakati paIsiraeri uye muPalestine, vanozofanira kunyatsotarisa prehistory ayo geopolitical nzvimbo munyika uye nzira kunetsana pakati rinoti, Israeri uye Palestine. Nhoroondo kukonana zvakurukurwa zvishoma munyaya ino. nokurwisana dzakabudirira zvichiitika refu chaizvo uye nenzira anonakidza zvikuru.

Palestine duku nzvimbo kuMiddle East. Saizvozvowo nharaunda panewo hwaIsraeri, iyo yakaumbwa muna 1948. Sei kuva vavengi vaIsraeri uye Palestine? Nhoroondo makakatanwa hwakareba chaizvo uye nharo. Midzi makakatanwa kuzomukazve pakati pavo nhema pakurwisana pakati Palestinian maArab vaJudha kuti miganhu uye dzinza pakudzorwa pamusoro nharaunda.

Background kwemakore akawanda kunetsana

Mumazana kare nevaJudha uye navaArabhu hwakagara murunyararo Palestinian mundima izvo mumazuva hweOttoman Empire yaiva chikamu muSiriya wehurumende. Zvemo vanhu maArab mudunhu, asi pakutanga XX remakore vechiJudha vakatanga zvishoma nezvishoma asi zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera. Mamiriro hwachinja zvikuru kubva pakapera Hondo Yenyika I (1918), apo Britain akapiwa atenderwa kwokubatsira wenharaunda Palestine uye akakwanisa vatevere ayo mutemo pamusoro idzi.

Zionism uye Balfour Declaration

VaJudha vakatanga rakakura Colonisation wenyika Palestinian nyika. Izvi Akaperekedzwa kukurudzira yechiJudha dzematongerwe enyika - Zionism, izvo anopa kudzoka vechiJudha vanhu kumusha kwavo - Israel. Uchapupu izvi ndiwo anonzi Balfour Declaration. Zviri tsamba mutungamiri Zionist kufamba kubva British Gurukota A. Balfour, zvakanyorwa muna 1917. In Mutsamba kupembedza miganhu Zvinotaurwa vaJudha Palestine. The Declaration akamborara yakawanda mbirikira, mune chokwadi kwakatanga kurwisana.

The nokudzamisa kunetsana muna 20-40-ies ose XX remakore

Mune 20s remakore rapfuura, asi Zionists vakatanga kusimbisa nzvimbo dzavo, paiva sangano uto "Haganah", uye itsva kunyange kupfuura mwero sangano, rinonzi "Irgun kaksi Leumi" muna 1935. Asi okunyanyisa zviito vaJudha hamusati kugadzirisa, kudzvinyirirwa Palestinian navaArabhu vakatakura zvakawanda murunyararo.

Pashure vaNazi vakauya simba uye nokutambudzika Second World War, nhamba vaJudha kuPalestine akanga zvikuru kuwedzera nemhaka kuenda kumwe kwavo kubva Europe. At 1938 pamusoro Palestinian nyika inogarwa nevaJudha pamusoro 420,000, inova nguva mbiri kupfuura muna 1932. Pakupedzisira chinangwa vaJudha dzavo Resettlement akaona kukunda rakazara Palestine uye kugadzwa yevaJudha. Izvi runoratidzwa chokuti pashure pehondo, muna 1947, nhamba vaJudha kuPalestine yakawedzera 200 zviuru uye akava 620 zviuru. Man.

Israeri uye Palestine. Nhoroondo kurwisana, kuedza dzakawanda kugadzirisa

Mumakore 50 racho Zionists chete akasimbisa (chiitiko ugandanga), pfungwa dzavo pamusoro yevaJudha mukana wayo Implementation. Mukuwedzera, ivo nokushingaira dzakatsigira dzakawanda. 1945 kunoratidzwa kwazvo kupisa ukama pakati Palestine uye Israeri. Hurumende yeBritain havana kuziva nzira kunze izvi, nekuti akataura UN General Assembly, iyo muna 1947 akatora nezveramangwana Palestine.

Out kusawirirana UN kuonekwa embodiments maviri. Kana dhipatimendi ichangobva yakasimbiswa sangano yemarudzi dare hwagadzwa, riri mubasa zvoupenyu kweParestina, hwakanga vanhu 11. Rakanga aronga kusika kuPalestine maviri akazvimirira inoti - imwe Arab uye mumwe vechiJudha. Uye akaumba pakati hapana-yomunhu (International) ndima - Jerusarema. Zano UN Committee pashure pokukurukura kwenguva refu, rakagamuchirwa muna November 1947. The Hurongwa vaakagamuchira huru dzakawanda kuziva kuti vanotenderwa zvose US uye USSR, uyewo zvakananga kuna Israeri uye kuParestina. Nhoroondo kurwisana, zvose kuverengwa, akanga kupera.

Terms of UN nokugadziriswa pamusoro kunetsana ugari

Maererano neUN kupedza yaNovember 29, 1947, Palestinian nharaunda yakanga huviri akazvimirira inoti - (.. Nzvimbo 14 zviuru ba Km) Arab (.. Nzvimbo 11 zviuru ba Km) Uye Jewish. Oga, sezvo akaronga kuti akasikwa remarudzi mapazi muguta reJerusarema. By pakutanga August 1948, colonists Chirungu, maererano nepurani, vaifanira kusiya nharaunda vokuParestina.

Asi panongopera yevaJudha rakaparidzirwa uye akava Prime Minister Ben-Gurion, ari kukuru Zionists, vasingazivi kuti rusununguko vechiArabhu chikamu Palestinian nyika, kurwisana kwakatanga muna May 1948.

The chenjera chokutambudzika muhondo 1948-1949,

Zvazvakanga munyika dzakadai Israeri uye Palestine, nhoroondo kunetsana? Apo kunetsana yakatanga? Ngatiedzei kupa nyaya iyi uwane mhinduro. Kuziviswa yaIsraeri rusununguko, zvakanga resonant chaizvo uye nharo chiitiko dzakawanda. A yakawanda vechiArabhu-vaMuslim nyika vasina kuzivikanwa hwaIsraeri, akazivisa "jihad" (hondo tsvene pamusoro infidels). The Kuronga Arab League, izvo akarwa navaIsiraeri vakanga Joridhani, Lebanon, Yemen, Ijipiti uye Saudi Arabia. Saka, takatanga kushingaira kurwisa kushandiswa, pakati chii vaiva vaIsraeri uye Palestine. Makakatanwa akamanikidza marudzi pamberi zvinosuwisa ehondo vanenge 300 zviuru. Palestinian maArab kusiya dzavakaberekerwa.

Arab League hondo yakanga zvakanaka vakarongeka uye paiva vanenge 40 zviuru. Masoja, apo vaIsraeri vaiva. Chief chete 30 zviuru nemauto Arab League akagadzwa sezvo Mambo Jordan. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti United Nations akadana mapato enyika uye kunyange kwakasimbiswa chirongwa rugare, asi mativi maviri vakauramba.

Mumazuva kurwa kuPalestine mangwanani zvaiva zvakanakira reArab League nyika, asi muzhizha 1948 zvinhu zvakachinja zvinoshamisa. Mauto dzechiJudha akaenda kurwisa, uye mukati gumi mazuva vakarova shure yakakuwandira pakati navaArabhu. Uye muna 1949, Isiraeri rikazvisundira muvengi ane inokosha kurwadzisa kumiganhu kweParestina, anokunda saka ndima yayo yose.

Misa kuenda kumwe avanhu

Munguva kukunda Palestinian nyika yechiJudha kusvika miriyoni maArab vakadzingwa. Vachienda dzakavakidzana Muslim. The neizvi kwacho kwaiva kuenda kumwe kwevaJudha kubva kunyika reArab League muIsraeri. Saka kupedza yokutanga muchiuto rwisana yacho. Kwakadaro kwakanga vachibva kunyika dzakadai Israeri uye Palestine, nhoroondo kunetsana. Ndiani anokonzera kuti vakawanda vakatambudzwa, zvakaoma kutonga, nekuti mativi vaifarira rechiuto kugadzirisa kurwisana.

Modern ukama pakati inoti

Sei kurarama iye zvino vaIsraeri uye Palestine? Nhoroondo kunetsana pane mugumo? Mubvunzo seisingapindurwi, sezvo hondo haina vakaneta, uye mumazuva edu. Kusanzwisisana pakati inoti vakaramba rose remakore. Izvi runoratidzwa mukurwisana dzakadai Sinai (1956) uyewo matanhatu-Day (1967) hondo. Saka, pakarepo yakabuda uye yakatanga refu kunetsana weIsraeri uye Palestine.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mberi kune rugare kwakanga zvisinei. Muenzaniso uyu unogona kuva Nhaurirano, vakatora nzvimbo muOslo muna 1993. Pakati PLO uye yeIsrael dzakasaina chibvumirano pamusoro pakatanga of Gaza Strip yeko hurongwa. Pahwaro zvibvumirano izvi chinotevera, muna 1994, rakavakwa Palestinian National Authority, iro muna 2013 pamutemo kunzi State vokuParestina. Kusikwa wehurumende ichi haana kuuya-refu akamirirwa rugare, kurwisana pakati maArab vaJudha ichiri kure rurege ndakatsungawo, sezvo midzi ayo zvakadzama chaizvo uye dzinopesana.