Mambo Jordan uye mhuri yake

Mambo Jordan Hashemite vanozviti, kureva zvizvarwa Hashim - .. Great-sekuru muprofita Muhammad. To genus ichi vose vanonzi Abbasid caliphs aitonga Arab Caliphate yechipiri yezana VIII remakore. kusvikira kuparadzwa yaro XIII remakore. . Kubvira pakupera X remakore, Hashemite ndiwo madzishe akatonga chitendero Nhongonya vaMuslim - Mecca. Penultimate mwanakomana ishe uye akava mambo wokutanga yaJoridhani Abdullah I. Sezvo kuwana rusununguko muna 1946, paiva zvina mambo. Chinonyanya kuoneka zvisaririra munhau wechitatu kuruboshwe, King Hussein Jordan uye mwanakomana wake - kuitika mambo Abdullah II.

Childhood uye kuyaruka King Hussein

King Hussein kweJodhani akaberekwa Amman muna 1935. Ikoko dzidzo yepuraimari, izvo akaramba ari muIjipiti. Zvino akaramba zvidzidzo ake muEngland panguva Harrow School uye Military Academy Sandhurst, kwaakabereka shamwari naye hama King Faisal pamusoro Iraq II rechipiri.

July 20, 1951, mambo wokutanga yaJoridhani, Abdullah I, achiperekedzwa Prince Hussein akaenda kuJerusarema kuita Chishanu minyengetero pana Al-Aqsa Mosque. Munguva mhemberero, wePalestine gandanga akazarura moto pamusoro pamambo, uye akaurayiwa. Hussein-makore 15 vakamhanyira pakudzinga yacho shooter. Vakaona akapupura kuti mhondi vanogumurwa kuva muchinda, asi bara ricochet kubva Medals wake yunifomu, akapa nokuda sekuru vake.

Ndechipi chikonzero kuvavenga namaParistina kuti mutongi neJoridhani? Chokwadi kuti mumakore 1947-1949. Jordan yakatora aimbova raiva neBritain of British Empire, kuWest Bank rwaJodhani , pamwe East Jerusarema, iyo UN aifanira kuva nenyika itsva Arab mamiriro Palestine. The annexation Akaperekedzwa hombe kudzingwa richangobva akasika vaIsiraeri vechiJudha. Kubvira ipapo, nyika ino, kunyanya muzvikamu Jerusarema dzechiJudha uye Arab vakava ruyamuro refu kupesana kuti kwakatungamirira hondo mbiri.

Ezvinhu accession kuti chigaro

Pakutanga, Mambo akabereka mwanakomana Hussein wedangwe Abdullah I Talal. Asi gare gare, pashure gumi mwedzi, akamanikidzwa murege nokuda kwake epfungwa (vanachiremba European uye Arab chirwere schizophrenia). Naizvozvo Crown Prints Huseyn-makore 16 rakaparidzirwa Mambo Hashemite Kingdom kweJodhani, August 11, 1952. Chokutanga, kusvikira Muchinda zera, akatonga nyika regency. Akakodzera voshestvie Hussein pachigaro kwakaitika May 1953.

Mamiriro ezvinhu akatungamirira kuti Six Day War

Makore matatu pashure kugadza mambo Hussein kweJodhani yakatsiva zvose British vakuru muuto riri Jordanians. Izvi zvakapa kuti kuvimbika nemauto.

Muzviuru Kuma1960, Hussein akatsvaka kugadzirisa miganhu kukakavadzana nevaIsraeri norugare. mutemo uyu haadi uwirirane zvinovavarirwa Iraqi, muSiriya uye muEgipita masimba, inotungamirirwa Nasser, akanga doro kuvhiringidzwa Arab urudzi, kuramba pfungwa zvinobvira ariko yevaJudha.

Zvinhu yakanga kuoma ndechokuti kuti Palestine mapoka Arab ngwizhingwi kwakavakirwa muSiriya, Jorodhani uye Ijipiti, uye vakatsvaka kumisa kururama kwavo pachavo mamiriro, vakatanga remagandanga hondo veIsrael rokurwa West Jerusarema.

Zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera makakatanwa pakati Arab nyika uye Israeri muzhizha 1967 kwakaguma pfupi asi ropa Six Day War, izvo zvakaita muuto Jordanian akanga adzingwa West Bank uye East Jerusarema, uto reIjipiti - kubva Sinai Peninsula uye reSiriya - kubva Gorani Heights .

Pashure pehondo, Jordan yave kugamuchira kubva kuUnited States rutsigiro zvikuru zvoupfumi. US akatsvaka kuparadza chete Anti-Israel Arab mberi, uye kuti ivo pamwe vakabudirira.

Muna September 1970, Mambo Hussein kweJodhani akarayira kudzinga paumbwe Palestine Liberation Organization kubva munyika. Kurwisa Palestinian Mauto vakaramba kusvikira July 1971, apo zviuru namaParistina vakadzingwa kunyanya Lebanon. Zvisinei, Jordan achakangoti ayo vanoti kuWest Bank uye East Jerusarema.

Nezuva Kippur War

President Egyptian Anwar Sadat, President reSiriya Hafez al-Assad uye Mambo Hussein kweJodhani akasangana mukutanga Mumatsutso 1973, kukurukura mukana hondo itsva nevaIsraeri. Hussein, nokuti kutya humwe kurasikirwa nharaunda, akaramba kubatanidzwa mairi. Haana kutenda zvipikirwa Sadat uye PLO Sachigaro Yasira Arafata ari chiitiko yokukunda uchatamisa West Bank kweJodhani. Pausiku September 25, Hussein muchivande nendege Tel Aviv neherikoputa kunyevera Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir ane kungangoitika kurwisa.

October 6, 1973, Siriya neIjipiti akarwisa Israeri pasina rubatsiro kwaJoridhani. The vachirwisana kusvikira January 1974. Egypt kuona Sinai Peninsula, asi vamwe ndima, yakatora nevaIsraeri munguva Six Day War, akaramba pasi pake.

Rugare naIsraeri

Pasinei kusaina of 1978 Camp David runyararo chibvumirano pakati peIjipiti uye Israeri, Jordan akaramba kuita chichemo kune ekupedzisira pamusoro West Bank uye pamutemo panguva hondo naye. Uchiteverwa yakareba kwakadzama pamwechete Mediation kweUnited States, kusvikira pakupedzisira muna 1994, kana akanga yakasainwa Israeri-rwaJodhani Peace Treaty, maererano iyo Joridhani akabvuma kuti kwebasa rinofanira Palestinian munyika yaIsraeri pamusoro kuzvionera.

Hussein akaramba Mediation yake basa iri kwakadzama pakati vokuIsrael uye namaParistina, izvo muna 1997 kwakaita kuti chibvumirano pamusoro-refu akamirirwa kushaya wevaIsiraeri mauto kubva mumaguta kupfuura kuWest Bank.

Kurwara uye rufu King Hussein

Pakapera July 1998 pachena kuti Hussein akabatwa kenza. Akaenda kuna Mayo Clinic muUnited States, uko achisimudzira mararamiro zvakasimba kurapwa, izvo, zvisinei, haana yabudisa unodikanwa zvabuda. Raiva rechipiri muhondo-makore 62 okuberekwa mambo nekenza; Iye akarasikirwa itsvo nokuda chirwere ichi muna 1992. Apo tariro kuti chirwere achakwanisa kukunda, kuruboshwe, Hussein akagadza mutsivi wake uye mwanakomana Abdullah muna February 1999, akadzokera Amman.

On paakadzoka paJoridhani, iye akasangana nenhengo dzemhuri, vashumiri, nhengo dzeparamende, nenhume vavatorwa vazhinji vemunyika yaJoridhani, izvo zvinofungidzirwa kuti Jordanian vakuru vehurumende vakaungana vanhu mamiriyoni 3. Mazuva maviri pashure pokudzoka kwake Korol Huseyn, vachingotya navanachiremba vafa rubatsiro chakagadzirwa upenyu, akanga akochonorwa kubva nokutsigira upenyu michina.

On chake choushe akanga yakatsiviwa paJoridhani Mambo Abdullah II.

King Hussein kweJodhani wake,

The mambo akanga akaroora runa. Kubva mudzimai wake wokutanga akanga ari mwanasikana Sharifa Alia. Marriage nomukadzi wake wechipiri, ane Englishwoman Antoinette Gardner, vakauya Hussein vana: vanakomana Abdullah (1962 S., mambo chipo.) Uye Fysala nevanasikana Aisha uye Zayn. mudzimai Third Alia, uyo akafa mutsaona yendege muna 1977, akabereka mwanasikana they at Hussein uye mwanakomana wake Ali. Uye pakupedzisira, mukadzi chechina Lisa mai vamwe vana vana: vanakomana Hamza uye Hasim nevanasikana iman uye Raivo.

The mambo kuitika paJoridhani

Chii vakauya munyika Korol Abdalla? Jordan chinhu yepamutemo umambo umo mambo anoramba wandei simba. upfumi Jordan ava kubva ipapo, kana Abdullah akasvika choumambo muna 1999 nokuda zvibereko dzimwe Investments, kufambiswa zvaiitwa paruzhinji-private kudyidzana uye pakusika anoverengeka isina dzaishandiswa zvikamu. Somugumisiro zvinhu izvi, kukura muna Jorodhani upfumi yakapetwa kaviri zvichienzaniswa yechipiri hafu ra1990 uye yakasvika 6% pagore.

Ndezvipi zvimwe kubudirira zvinogona kunyorwa yezviri Korol Abdalla? Jordan kana akapedzisa yepachena kutengeserana chibvumirano ne United States, yakanga wechitatu kwakadaro chibvumirano kuti United States uye kutanga ane nyika Arab.

The pose zvoupfumi uye nekutambira vanonzi "Spring Arab" kwakaita kuti kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwe enyika uye muna Joridhani. Muna 2011-2012 gg. munyika nguva nenguva paiva vakawanda kwevakanga vasingagutsikani kuwedzera ezvinhu oupfumi. Zvisinei, akadzikama uye vaikudzwa Politika Abdally zvakabatsira kuti kuderera kuti kuparadzana uye kudzikamisa nyika.

upenyu Personal

Kusiyana nababa vake, Mambo Abdullah II kwaJorodhani inoomerera mafungiro aifarira-European muwanano. mudzimai wake chete Rania akamuberekera vana: vanakomana Hussein (Crown Prince) uye Hashim nevanasikana iman uye Salma. Mukadzi Mambo Jorodhani akaberekwa Kuwait vabereki Palestinian. Akadzidziswa muna Kuwait, Egypt uye United States. Asati kuziva Ablalloy muna 1993, akashanda ari Citibank yebazi Amman. Mukadzi Mambo yaJoridhani, pikicha iyo kunoratidzwa pazasi, munhu ano, chaizvo pamusoro network, YouTube, Facebook uye Twitter. Rania runoonekwa kuva nzira yakanaka ano mukadzi Arab, wasunungurwa rusaruro, asi kuisa pachena tsika dzechinyakare mhuri.

Iye ari pfungwa kuti youmambo vana vanofanira kuziva upenyu chaihwo. mhuri King neJoridhani akasiyana zvinoshamisa kubudirana pachena uye kusununguka, uye mukuru dundundu ndowenyika kunyange kwokutanga. Zvisinei, iye asingadi kurega pokumbozvidya zvinofadza nzvimbo yake youmambo kufanana shangu goridhe yairema magiramu 400, rakazara nematombo anokosha.