International uye Russian mafuta

Hazvina chakavanzika zvose munyika ino ine musoro mhedziso. Zvicherwa zviri zvakare haana hariperi chigadzirwa, saka rimwe zuva vanhu vachafanira kukanganwa pamusoro zvino zvaizivikanwa kwatiri gasi, mafuta, marasha. Nyaya ino ichataura zvakawanda pamusoro reserves mafuta enyika.

To musi, matsime eoiri munyika (unexplored) mu sezvakarayirwa bhiriyoni 265 matani, izvo 73% vaibva weOPEC nyika (exporters State-mafuta). Rakaratidza zvikuru nouchapupu mafuta pfuma uye kuwedzera, zvinosvika matani mabhiriyoni 30. Kubva apa unogona kugadzira musoro mhedziso yokuti vatyairi uye varidzi dzakasiyana havafaniri kunetseka nezvokuti kumotokari dzavo achakurumidza kufanira chete chinyorwa, uye basa makambani mafuta haazogumisi purofiti, nekuti Nyanzvi dzinofungidzira chete nekusimba reserves mafuta kuchaita zvakakwana nokuda refu makore 55. The reserves mafuta kunonyanyisa zvino zvinotevera munharaunda: kuMiddle East nyika (48.1%), America (32.9%) uye Africa (8%). On nharaunda asara pripadaet 11%. Kana isu vanoyera reserves nyika, mutungamiriri pano Venezuela (17.9%). Next vari Saudi Arabia (16.1%), Canada (10.6%), Iran (9.1%) uye Iraq (8.7%).

Munguva ichangopfuura, chinotsva mubvunzo (kana panzvimbo, sarudzo yake) kuupenyu nemigumisiro, rinonyatsooneka pakati pavo - the zvipenyu uye enyika. Kana zvose zviri pachena kuna zvakatipoteredza (kusvibiswa inokuvadza choutsi mhepo uye hydrosphere Nyika), uye zvematongerwo enyika zviri zvakare haana yakanakisisa nzira. Muna May 2012, mumwe kupfuura neftekorporatsy nyika Repsol akaita nyaya kumatare Hurumende Argentina kuti zvisiri pamutemo zviito pamusoro chikamu chechipiri, vachirayira $ 10 billion. The enyika pamwero mukuru Kutama rechipiri kwaiva kuramba ari dzeEU kubva vanotenga mafuta wevechitendero (nokuda kuwedzera mabasa Iran, afunge kupokana ). Also zvinowedzerwa noukama pakati China uye Japan pamusoro Senkaku Islands mafuta uye gasi. Zvose pamusoro zviitiko vane inokanganisa pamisika nyika, zvichiita dzakakwirira mitengo kuti peturu, Diesel uye zvakafanana. Asi pane akanaka. Sezvinotaurwa kuMiddle East nyika hurumende kana vasingagari kuitika chisingatarisirwi matambudziko, mutengo energotovary mugore ano zvinogona zvishoma shoma.

The kuitika mafuta reserves mu Russia anobvumira hurumende kupinda pamusoro-rakava munyika. Nhasi, hurumende haina declassify zvachose Vhoriyamu chicherwa deposits, uye kuti tizive nyika, saka zviri mabhiriyoni 10 matani. Zvisinei, purezidhendi Russian, Vladimir Putin, akasaina chirevo yavo 100-protsetnom declassification, pashure iyo, maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi, Russia achakwanisa kupinda pamusoro matatu.

To musi, matsime eoiri akakamurwa 2 mhando: trudnodobyvaemye uye legkodobyvaemye. Saka, muRussia ekupedzisira nhoroondo% chete 30, izvo zvinoratidza kuti vanomhanya kunze nokukurumidza. Dzokubvisa mafuta trudnodobyvaemoy kudikanwa unyanzvi, izvo zvaizoita kunotoreva upfumi makuru. chinhu ichi zvino kumutadzisa makambani akawanda mafuta pakuitisa kugadzira deposits dzakadaro. Yeuka kuti ikozvino makambani pakukura munyika vari "Rossneft", "Lukoil" uye "TNK-BP".