Innervation pamwoyo. Clinical anatomi mwoyo

Innervation mwoyo wayo vasiri maitiro - ruzivo, pasina izvozvo zvaizova zvakaoma zvakajeka varipo zvose inobudisawo basa nhengo inokosha iyi mumuviri womunhu. vanofarira zvakakwana kuziva sei uropi anokurukura pakati kweropa ezvinhu mumuviri wedu. Mukuwedzera, marongerwo zviga kushanda kwomwoyo ndeyakewo zvinokosha.

basa mwoyo

Chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti, mumwe vangatoti, nechepakati nhengo kweropa ino womunhu wemuviri mwoyo. Hazvina mhango, ane conical chimiro uye riri mune mubhokisi mhango. Kana iwe tsanangura ayo basa, achiedza zvikuru nyore nzira, tinogona kutaura kuti mwoyo anoshanda yakaita pombi, saka kuti kunzwisisa mamiriro arteries, mutsinga nemidziyo mberi kudiwa zvizere nokushanda kwenhengo dzomuviri dzeropa ropa.

Interesting ndechokuti mwoyo kubereka ayo zvemagetsi basa pachavo. Hunodzorwa unhu uhwu, somunhu automaton. Nyaya iyi inobvumira kunyange sero kure mwoyo tsandanyama kuti kubata pacharo. Uku kunokosha nokuda mudanga kushanda muviri.

STRUCTURAL zvinhu

Pakutanga, zano rinoita mwoyo afunge apo muviri ichi. Riri, sezvakanyorwa pamusoro, ari mubhokisi mhango, uye kuitira kuti chikamu chiduku rayo vemunyika kurudyi uye hombe maererano - akasiya. Saka kufunga kuti wose ari kuruboshwe chikamu mubhokisi, zvakaipa.

Asi kuti kunyatsoenderana, nzvimbo iri mwoyo - ndiye mediastinum, pane vaviri vanonzi uriri - yakaderera uye yokumusoro.

Heart Size mu avhareji zvakaenzana vhoriyamu bhurasho kuti vakarumanisa. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti mwoyo inokamukana chaiyo partition vakaita mapoka maviri maviri - kuruboshwe uye zvakarurama. Uyewo, mumwe nomumwe zvikamu izvi ane zviumbu akadai ventricle uye atrium, pakati inova buri. Zvinonzi akavharwa ne imwe kurova-rova vharafu. A Zvinoitwa vharafu iri kwayo mamiriro: murutivi rwake rworudyi ane mapepa matatu, uye kuruboshwe - maviri.

kurudyi ventricle

Muchiitiko chino, ndiko mhango mukati inova yakawanda tsandanyama mbariro. Panewo papillary tsandanyama. Zviri kwavari kubva mudzira shinda kuti yepasi iyo rinogumisa kuvhurika pakati rworudyi ventricle uye yakarurama atrium.

Noruremekedzo kuti akati vharafu, nechivako rayo rinosanganisira mapepa matatu, yakavakwa pamusoro endocardium. Kamwe kurudyi ventricle ipfupi, vharafu ichi rinogumisa kuvhurika pakupedzisira kutigumbura zvinopesana neizvi chokubuda ropa. Nenzira, zviri kubva rwuno mwoyo unoenda pulmonary hunde, kuenda kufema zvomukati. Sezvazvakanyorwamo, kutama venous ropa.

The kuruboshwe ventricle

Kana iwe kuzvifananidza kurudyi, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti iyi nyaya rusvingo zviri mukobvu. Vazvione. dzomunyika pose rusvingo rwaro, mumwe anogona kuona tsandanyama kwepuranga rakachinjika uye papillary tsandanyama. Zvinonzi kutama kwavari, uye mudzira tambo, izvo wakaiswa pa kumicheto kuruboshwe atrioventricular vharuvhu.

Kuruboshwe ventricle mwoyo Ndirwowo nzvimbo chikuru arterial hunde, anonzi yeropa. Zviri pamusoro izvi dhiramu vharafu riri mawindo kune coronary arteries kuti zvokudya mwoyo.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti zvose arterial ropa anopinda kuruboshwe atrium, uye yatosvika muwisira ventricle kuruboshwe, rakanga inokurukurwa pamusoro. Sezvaunogona kuona, zvose pezvokuvamba mwoyo zvine chokuita, uye kana pane atadze kushanda zvakanaka mune mumwe wavo, kuchachinja muviri wose.

midziyo

Achitaura nhumbi kuburikidza iyo ropa wedzerai mwoyo, zvinokosha kuziva kuti vava kunze muviri chaiwo grooves. Uyezve, pane avo kuti vaende mwoyo, uye avo vanobuda izvozvo.

Panewo interventricular longitudinal grooves pamusoro underside uye pamberi ventricular pamusoro. Anosvika mihoronga maviri - shure uye mberi, asi ivo vari vaviri kuendeswa pamusoro muviri.

Usakanganwa pamusoro in coronal sulcus, riri pakati rezasi uye okumusoro. Kodzero uye kuruboshwe coronary arteries womwoyo, asi, awo vari rakamiswa chaizvo mairi. Basa ravo chekugutsa ropa nomuviri. Ndokusaka, kana mufananidzo Dombo kana ropa clot anowana ipapo, upenyu hwevanhu huri pangozi munzvimbo iyi.

Panguva iyoyo pane dzimwe arteries zvikuru mwoyo, uyewo venous hunde dzacho kuti ubude mumuviri uyu.

mavharuvhu

zvinhu izvi zviri akatasva anonzi marangwanda mwoyo, chine fibrous zvindori zviviri. Avo, akavapindurawo, dziri pakati okumusoro makamuri.

Mumwoyo yavanhu pane chete 4 vharuvhu.

Origin (conventionally) anonzi yakarurama atrioventricular kana tricuspid. Its chikuru basa - kuvhara mukana kudzoka ropa kuyerera kubva kurudyi ventricle.

Next, kuruboshwe vharuvhu ane ichibhabhamisa maviri chete, nei, uye ndakawana rakakodzera zita - shavishavi. Chinogona kunzi ari mitral vharuvhu. Zvakakosha kuti pave kurova-rova kuti kunotadzisa ropa richibuda atrium rworuboshwe kupinda rworuboshwe ventricle mwoyo.

Third vharafu - pasina kuzarura pulmonary shongwe aizoramba rakashama. Izvi aizotungamirira iyerere ropa kunyika ventricle.

Mwoyo redunhu rinosanganisira vharafu chechina riri pokuti goho yacho yeropa. Haaiti kurega ropa riyerere rinodzoserwa pamwoyo.

Things kuziva conduction hurongwa

Blood wedzerai mwoyo - ichi handicho chete basa izvo kunoenderana kugadzikana basa womuviri uyu. Zvinokosha, uye paumbwe kwemwoyo. Zviri nokuda conduction hurongwa pave marwadzo ari tsandanyama layer iyo anoshumira kutanga huru nhengo kweropa hurongwa.

Zvinokosha kuziva chokwadi chokuti sinoatrial raiva pedyo nebundu ndiyo nzvimbo kupomba iri vanowanika, zvinopa murayiro kuderedza pomwoyo. Kana kwayo nzvimbo, ndiye, apo kodzero atrium inopinda muchanza Vienna.

The Zvivako pamusoro apa zvine zvazvinoita akadaro mwoyo, yakaitwa zvibvire kunokwana zvinotevera pezvakaitwa:

- Kufambisa kuti atrial uye ventricular sunga;

- generating rhythmical nomunhu;

- synchronous kubatanidzwa of ventricular tsandanyama sero rukoko ari contractile kwacho (pasina ichi kunyatsoshanda zvazvingava angadai zvakaoma).

cardiac innervation

Pakutanga, zvinobatsira kunzwisisa kuti mazwi ichi chinoreva. Saka innervation - hazvina kufanana saturation imwe nhengo dzomuviri tsinga kune mudanga uye azere kutaurirana epfungwa. Nemamwe mashoko, ichi Neural Network, kuburikidza icho uropi anodzora tsandanyama uye zvomukati. Kwakadaro zvakakurumbira ane muviri hazvingadziviswi nokudzidza nyaya dzakadai marongerwo uye basa mwoyo.

Kudzidza wenyaya iyi uwane, unogona kutanga pano aine chokwadi: chirongwa marwadzo mwoyo tsandanyama inotongwa zvose kwemakemikari anobudiswa uye huta nehurongwa. Panguva iyoyowo anochinja mutinhimira pakati maronda zvikuru zvakananga kunetsekana autonomic innervation mwoyo. Tiri kutaura pamusoro tsitsi uye parasympathetic dzishande. First Kunowedzera kakawanda marwadzo, uye wechipiri, ukuwo, izvozvo kunoderedza.

General basa muviri rinodzorwa cardiac nzvimbo yacho pons uye medulla oblongata. Kubva nzvimbo izvi achibatsirwa tsitsi uye parasympathetic tsinga fibers wokushandura nomunhu kuti itibatsire simba sunga, avo kakawanda uye kumhanya trioventrikulyarnogo. Maererano nokupfuuridzirwa etsinga mumatunhu migumisiro pamusoro mwoyo, ipapo basa iri pano, sezvo mune zvimwe nhengo kutakura nevamiririri. The tsitsi kwava norepinephrine, uye acetylcholine mune parasympathetic azvaitwa.

Maitiro zviri cardiac innervation

Intraorganic huta midziyo mwoyo akaronga zvakaoma. Iye chinomirirwa tsinga kuti vanotanga kubva thoracal kutsemuka plexus uye chete agozopinda chikuru nhengo kweropa emuviri uye ganglia. Last - haasi chinhu asi nesumbu masero iri nechepakati midziyo dzataurwa pamusoro apa. Tsinga fibers tiri chikamu ino. mavambo ayo vanotora kubva cardiac ganglia. Pedzisa mamiriro ichi kunoita effectors uye receptors.

innervation mwoyo kunorevawo kuvapo kutsinga dzinouya fibers. Zvinosanganisira musana dzakabatana uye vagus etsinga. boka iri zvinosanganisira autonomic motokari fibers.

tsitsi fibers

Saka, kana iwe kuteerera kwakadaro zvokushanda wenyaya, sezvo tsitsi innervation womwoyo, Zvino pakutanga zvinokosha kuteerera kunobva fibers izvi. Nemamwe mashoko, kuti vaone sei pedyo nechepakati nesimba kweropa hurongwa. Mhinduro iri nyore kwazvo; lateral nyanga rokumusoro thoracal musana zvikamu.

Musimboti migumisiro tsitsi dzishande ipfupi anoratidza simba ventricular uye atrial marwadzo, izvo zvinoratidzwa zvibereko zvayo. Kutaura zvazviri, ndiye yakanaka inotropic kushanda. Asi kwete zvose izvi - zvakawedzera kwemwoyo. Muchiitiko chino, zvine musoro kutaura zvakanaka chronotropic simba. The yokupedzisira zvinokonzerwa tsitsi innervation, izvo zvinofanira kuteerera - ichi dromotropic Migumisiro - kureva, zvakamubaya pamusoro penguva pakati atrial uye ventricular sunga.

The parasympathetic Chikamu hurongwa

Innervation mwoyo inosanganisirawo azvaiitwa. Izvi mhando faibha rakakodzera kuti mwoyo sezvo chikamu vagus etsinga, uye kumativi ose.

Kana isu kutaura pamusoro fibers "zvakanaka", basa ravo riri kuna innervation ukuwo, sezvo rworudyi atrium. Munzvimbo yacho sinoatrial raiva pedyo nebundu, zvinoumba batana plexus. Panyaya kuruboshwe vagus etsinga, kuti fibers kuvakoka ari chikamu pake, achiuya atrioventricular raiva pedyo nebundu.

Achitaura pamusoro mugumisiro kuti pave parasympathetic innervation kwomwoyo, zvinokosha kutaura zvinoderedza simba atrial marwadzo uye vasanyanye kwemwoyo. Asi atrioventricular kunonoka inowedzerawo. Hazvina kuoma kuti kugumisa kuti basa etsinga fibers vatambe zvikuru basa kupfuura kweropa ino.

dziviriro

Tikafunga mashoko zvichida kunzwisisa pamusoro mwoyo chii, zvine musoro kuti kubhadhara zvishoma pfungwa zviito nyore kuti ichabatsira kuramba iri kushanda kuti kwemakore akawanda.

Saka, vakapa chii zvinhu anoita marongerwo uye basa mwoyo, zvinganzi vakagumisa kuti hutano muviri anoenderana anotevera zvinhu zvitatu: tsandanyama rinenge midziyo ropa uye ropa riyerere.

Kuti vave nechokwadi kuti zvose zvakanga zvakanaka mwoyo tsandanyama, unofanira kuzvipa zvine mutoro. Izvi basa zvakakwana zvinozadzisa basketball (pasina chehunyaunyau) kana kufamba. muchiitwa kwakadaro vanoomesa chikuru nhengo kweropa hurongwa.

Zvino zvishoma pamusoro nhumbi. Saka kuti vakanga vari muchimiro kuti unofanira kudya zvakanaka. Izvi zvinoreva kuti unofanira kutaura bhayibhayi kune hombe uye akatsiga nuna kudya migove uye nemazvo kuvaka zvaunodya. Nhengo vanofanira kugamuchira ose anodiwa zvinokurisa uye mavhitamini, ipapo zvose zvichava zvakanaka.

Uye wokupedzisira rubatso basa refu mwoyo, uye muviri wose - iri ropa riyerere akanaka. Pano kuyamura munhu nyore chakavanzika: vanhu vose vari manheru ropa richikora. Uye kana tiri kutaura pamusoro vamiririri pakati zera boka, zvakadai kusachinja-chinja kwayo, mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvinova ngozi, pamwe mukana yomwoyo kana sitiroko. Batsirai kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu manheru rinofamba mamiriro. Apo pane miti, nyanza, gungwa, makomo kana nemapopoma - refu Kuwanda ionized mhepo, iyo yekudyidzana anovandudza fluidity ropa.

mhedziso

Zvichienderana mashoko ose pamusoro, unogona kuuya pachena vanosvika: innervation mwoyo, kuti physiology muviri uye basa rake yose kucharamba nyaya inokosha, usingatangi rirasikirwe kwayo. Zvechokwadi, pasina ruzivo urwu, pachiyero iri nguva dzose kunowedzera, zvakaoma zvinobudirira chirwere uye ruzivo pakurapa mwoyo.