Asthma pathogenesis uye etiology

Árbol asima - chirwere chirwere uye kazhinji episodic. Ndicho wakakura zvikuru muchimiro chisimbwa. Chirwere kuzvimba Árbol sepombi kunokonzera rakawedzera aikanganiswa akasiyana dzezvakatipoteredza zvinofurira.

The chirwere chinogona nhaka kana vawana chimiro. Tichakurukura asima - pathogenesis, kurapwa features, kurapwa chirwere ichi. Zvose izvi zvichikosha chaizvo kuziva uye munodziziva, kana imwe mhuri ine munhu chirwere ichi.

zvinhu pfungwa

Iyi haisi zvokurwara kuzvirega zvichikanganisa dzose kufema nemhaka kujekesa nzira inoenda mumapapu. Pfari vanogona kutora pachavo, asi zvikuru purazi rubatsiro chete nemishonga. Chii pathogenesis kuti asima? Scheme chirwere kuti wakakodzera kwazvo madzihwa yakabereka, kurwadza kwacho uye anogumbura edema thicken rusvingo bronchus uye kujekesa lumen therebetween. Somugumisiro, mhepo asingagari kupinda yakakwana kwazvo, iyo inotungamirira enderana yokurwiswa breathlessness, chikosoro, wheezing nezvimwe yakajeka zviratidzo asima.

Chirwere chirwere ichi, maererano nenhamba, 5% of vomuEurope, kunyanya mudiki. Kazhinji, ava vana pasi pemakore 10. Pasinei chokwadi kuti mushonga inongogara achiongorora zvokurwara chokuita wokusagadzikana pakati principales, zvikonzero zvayo kukura, kurapwa uye kudzivirira mugumo usati achiri asinganzwisiswi. The etiology uye pathogenesis kuti asima vanowanzokoshesa masayendisiti ari deadlock. Asi sei chirwere ichi anovandudza?

The pathogenesis kuti asima

Pathogenesis - the mashandiro of chirwere - inoumbwa 2 nzendo:

• Immunological. Pamusoro kubvuma kuti zvirwere anotokonya allergen kunoitika mucous Kamudzira kuzvimba.
• Pathophysiological. The kwomuzvarirwo of Árbol zvibereko kushoma kuti anowanika mumuviri.

The mashandiro kuti panowanikwa bronchospasm inovakwa sezvinotevera: kwenguva refu riri mucous Kamudzira pamusoro Árbol muti iri kuchinjwa vakurukurirane. The mucous Kamudzira unozvimba, uye hakuna hypersecretion hunokonzera pfari. Chii chinoitika kuti muviri panguva kukura Árbol asima?

Pathogenesis pematanho anotevera kutyorwa:

• Hyperestrogenemia, iyo inosvitsa nokuwedzera basa α-adrenoceptors uye kuderedzwa kunyatsoshanda β-adrenoceptors. With kwokunze kugara allergen pachiimbwa azvaiitwa anovandudza bronchospasm.
• Glucocorticosteroid insufficiency kunowedzera histamine mumatunhu uye matauriro principales, izvo kunzwisisa irritants.
• Hyperthyroidism. The chirwere chakasimba uye nokukurumidza ikabuda vanhu vakawedzera uwandu thyroid mahormone.

The pathogenesis kuti asima vagara vandifungira kurapwa uye pathological bvunzo. Kuchinja kuitika mumuviri, unogona kuva zvose nechomukati, uye zvekunze. External zvinoita kuti kukanganiswa kukura chirwere:

• psycho-kunetsa;
• kushushikana;
• kurovedza muviri;
• kugarotamba allergens;
• matambudziko kwemakemikari irritants;
• zvisingafadzi. ekunze.

Internal zvinhu:

• disruptions kuti kwemakemikari anobudiswa hurongwa;
• simba rokuzvidzivirira;
• wokusagadzikana of principales.

House guruva riri guru vaikurudzira, iyo inosvitsa asima. Rine tusingaoneki zhinji, zvinova allergens simba.

The mwero kwokuomerwa pfari

Kunyange zvazvo pathogenesis kuti asima uye chirwere, hwobva kutora matanho. The Kurwisa inogona mipfupi kana wokupedzisira kwemaawa anoverengeka. Akamutevera, murwere anowana zvizhinji nani, uye zvinoita sokuti iye zvakazara akapora.

Zvose zvinoenderana chokutambudzika chirwere. Munhu anogona kuva pachena kuti munyoro yemweya mhingaidzo. Zvakakomba Danho kungazviratidza mumazuva mashomanana uye hunozogara kwemavhiki. chimiro ichi inonzi chinzvimbo asthmaticus. panomuka kwakadaro kune ngozi chaizvo uye kungakonzera rufu.

It ine pathogenetic zvigadziriswe pakati pathogenesis rimwe fomu. Kubva mukuru anogona kusiyanisa nokuchinja reactivity uye Árbol aikanganiswa akanga munyaya pakupindura chaiko kana pharmacological migumisiro.

Kana chikonzero - nhodzera

Munhu ane majini kubatwa kuti asima anogona kumbonzwa kuratidzwa kwayo, kana richinge kuchabatsira chero zera:

• 50% - vana makore (Makore 10);
• 30% - kusvika makore 40;
• 20% - pashure pemakore 50.

Nhaka chinokonzera ndiko chiri kukonzera kuti chirwere. Kana vabereki achitambura asima, mikana kuti chirwere achaitwa vakapfuura mwana 30%. Zvisinei, pamusoro yayo zvokurwara anogona kuitika, inofanira kuva chinhu kutsamwisa.

Ndiko, kana uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. yomunyika, kwokunze zvinhu uye kuti munhu majini kubatwa kunowedzera ngozi nezvekutanga kuti mashandiro chirwere kuti kuzvimba munguva kakawanda.

Precipitating zvinokonzera kuti asima

The Airways mune vanhu vane asima, kutsamwa uye hunorangarira chaizvo. Afunge zvinhu kuti anokonzera nezvipusha, mune imwe runhare ude:

• okunze;
• zvezvakatipoteredza ezvinhu;
• mukume, chakuvhuvhu, notumwe;
• mupfungwa kuitika;
• kunyanya muviri;
• kusvuta, fodya noutsi;
• mishonga;
• zvokudya zvinogadzirwa;
• imba guruva mites;
• mhuka.

Mumwe munhu ane vanopfuura kwakasiyana pathogenesis kuti asima kurwiswa zvinogona kukonzerwa mumwe kana kupfuura kuitika.

zvekunze chiito

Kazhinji, asima - zvinhu zvinoverengeka vanoita panguva imwe chete riri mumuviri. Ivo vanokamurwa pamadiro muzvikwata akawanda:

• chirwere;
• allergens;
• zvemaziso uye mushonga kuitika;
• Meteorological zvinhu;
• zvinodhaka.

By allergens zvinosanganisira imba guruva, mukume, zvokudya, mishonga, Tupukanana, mhuka. Infectious utachiona: utachiona, utachiona, notumwe. Mechanical uye makemikari kuitika kana silicate donje guruva, utsi, nemhute alkalis uye acids. K Meteorological kunechekuita zvinosanganisira chero kuchinja okunze uye mumhepo kuvafurira.

Kungamutsawo asima b-blockers, kushandiswa kudzora BP, analgesics uye Anti-anogumbura zvinodhaka. Sezvo ude zvinogona kuchinja nzira chirwere.

Kana dambudziko kubva mukati

Árbol asima angatanga nokuda kuramba abnormality mu kutapata, kwemakemikari anobudiswa hurongwa, muviri, vakawedzera basa receptors ari Árbol mucosa, kukundikana munyika tsinga. All zvezviratidzo izvi mugumisiro murombo mararamiro sarudzo, zvirwere, kugara murombo ezvinhu dzezvakatipoteredza.

The etiology kuti asima

The etiology uye pathogenesis kuti asima vari kuti chirwere chacho heterogeneous uye Rinobatanidzwa kurapwa uye epidemiological zvikonzero anokonzera chakasimba Zvikamu. Zvisinei, zvinokosha kuziva kuti kusiyana kunongova uye kazhinji rinokanganisa Sub-muchikwata kupatsanura.

Hama kuti samolecular pachiyero pathogenesis kuti asima ane mhando mbiri: sema uye nomutsa. Chokutanga, sezvo mutemo, inobatanidzwa nhoroondo yemhuri zvirwere izvi:

• eczema;
• rhinitis;
• Zvakaitwa erythematous papules;
• urticaria.

The kutanga kuratidza chirwere angaperekedzwa zviratidzo akafanana vanhuwo chando, asi pashure pemazuva mashomanana, pane kupfupika mweya, miridzo, rinorira uye zvimwe zviratidzo asima.

symptomatology

Zvichienderana kwokuomerwa uye symptomatology ane zvakasiyana chimiro Árbol asima. Etiology, pathogenesis, kupatsanura inoumbwa zvakadai vakakurumbira zvinhu somunhu chikosoro diki, wheezing, kupfupika mweya, muchipfuva kurwadziwa kana asima. Kana zviratidzo okupedzisira ndiongororwe chiremba - rinofanirawo uye zvinokosha muitiro.

Kana kuongorora rakapera, uye zvokuongorora inowanzopiwa neMutungamiriri inhaler. Asi zviitiko apo chikumbiro chacho chaitwa kakawanda kupfuura kwave vakanyorwa, yaida kubatsirwa kuti kupinda chiremba.

Kana zviratidzo zvikaramba kwamazuva 1-2, uye inhaler asingadi kubatsira, vanoda muchipatara. Panguva yokurwiswa breathlessness uye kuoma kutaura anonzi amburenzi.

Associated zviratidzo

Panguva achiipa murwere ane yakawedzerwa pavakanzwa unopinza Rinofembedza netembiricha kuchinja. Izvi zvinoratidza kuzvimba uye activation zvinodhaka mishonga. Chimwe chezvinhu unoshamisa zvinhu ndiko kuvandudza mamiriro kugamuchira antihistamines ( "Zirtek", "Tsetrin" and said.) Uye, ukuwo, pashure inhalation. Zvimwe zviratidzo:

• dzungu, kurwadziwa nemusoro;
• zvakawanda zvive uye utera;
• Tachycardia (nokukurumidza mwoyo urove);
• rinokwanisa kucheneruka ganda;
• Zviratidzo emphysema.

Traditional kurapa kubvisa asthmatic chinzvimbo hazvibviri, izvi kubatana kwenguva refu kwenguva pfupi kukachidzwa uye havachanyatsogoni kuziva. Ichi kunogona kuurayisa.

Asthmatic Kupindura havukavu hama Árbol pakupindurwa allergen kungava mangwanani kana kunonoka. Muchiitiko chokutanga kurwisa rinotanga pashure maminitsi 1-2 uye kuzviuraya maminitsi 20 gare gare. The zvachose nguva ane asthmatic ezvinhu agare kusvika 2 maawa. Late Danho kunokonzera Árbol wokusagadzikana pashure pemaawa 4-6, kuchiguma pashure maawa 8. Kurwisa Duration - maawa 12.

yematambudziko:

• emphysematous hadzina kufambiswa zvakanaka mumapapu;
• chenjera kufema kukundikana ;
• kana mhepo anopinda pleural mhango kukura pneumothorax.

Etiology kusiyaniswa akawanda siyana asima:

• exogenous (kushatiriswa ane allergen);
• endogenous (kukonzerwa mupfungwa uye zvirwere);
• yakavhenganiswa Genesisi.

The inonyanya asima atopic chimiro, kunoitika nokuda nemagene kubatwa kune neutachiona.

Zvinokosha kuziva

Chinhu chokutanga kuita - ndiko kuti chiremba kuti kuongorora zvakakwana, simbisai kuongororwa zvakarurama uye kurapwa audzwa. chiremba wako chete anoziva sei zvirwere zvakadai Árbol asima, etiology, pathogenesis, kurapwa features, kurapwa. Zvakakosha kuti murwere pachake nemhuri yake vakanga nguva dzose vakagadzirira kurwisana itsva uye kuziva sei kubatsira.

Kuti ape rubatsiro inoshanda unofanira kuva mashoko rakakwana pamusoro ose zviratidzo, mumatanho uye marudzi chirwere. Zvakakosha kuziva chii pathogenesis kuti asima. Muchidimbu, unogona mazano zvinotevera: zvinofanira pachena kurapwa hurongwa mirayiridzo kuti anotsanangura zvokuita kana chakasimba kurwiswa. Uyewo kurumbidzwaka uku, zano kana chiremba agadzwa hazvigoni kungotariswa, rinogona mutengo upenyu murwere. Mishonga akatorwa chaizvo sezvakarayirwa, chete panguva zvawamaka mishonga uye nguva.

Pedyo, chero uchirwara, iye nemhuri yake vanofanira nguva dzose kuva mishonga zvakafanira, zvinodhaka, rwekutanga uye inhaler. Zvinokoshawo kuti vachengete dhayari zviratidzo, kugadzira kuchinja dzavo uye kuziva irritants chokuita ezvinhu munhu. Zvakakosha kuti tisatya panguva kurwisa pakutanga, uye zvakasimba kutevera chiito pamusoro urongwa.

Doctors ichiripo vainyatsoongorora asima. Etiology, pathogenesis, kurapwa chirwere aibvumirwa kuita zvakarurama chirwere uye anokwanisa kurapwa. Kazhinji chiremba prescribes mushonga waanoita zvokufema, aerosols, uye kuvapo chirwere nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya vanogadzwa. Sezvo Kudzivirira chinonyanya kukosha dzinoenda pakati achisiya zvinhu afunge kurwisa. Kuti aite izvi, unofanira kuongorora kuchena yeimba, kudzivisa rasvibiswa nzvimbo, kusvuta uye tora zvose ushandiswe mishonga.