Inductance: asi nzira. Nokuyerwa inductance. inductance loop

Vasina kudzidza wefizikisi kuchikoro? Vamwe, zvakanga dzinonakidza uye unonzwisisika, nepo vamwe pored pamusoro mabhuku, kuedza nemusoro pfungwa dzakaoma. Asi mumwe nomumwe wedu kuti tiyeuke kuti munyika kunobva pazivo panyama. Nhasi tiri kutaura pamusoro pfungwa dzakadai inductance ari kuitika loop inductance, uye tsvaka ndedzipi capacitors uye kuti ndiyo solenoid.

The zvemagetsi wedunhu uye inductance

Inductance kushanda kuti munguva rinobva ehupfumi ari magetsi redunhu. It rinorondedzerwa so coefficient kuti proportionality pakati magetsi uye Magetsi chokubuda mune namahwindo rinobva redunhu. Izvi kuerera ano iri yakawanikwa kubudikidza loop pamusoro. Imwe tsanangudzo inoti kuti inductance ane redunhu parameter uye anosarudza kuti kuzvipira induction EMF. The izwi rinoshandiswa kuratidza redunhu chinhu uye vane hunhu anozvipira induction mugumisiro iyo wakashamira uye D. Henry M. Faraday tisingatungamirirwi. The inductance chokuita chimiro, kukura uye gandiwa ukoshi rinobva permeability dzakapoterera kwezvakatipoteredza. In SI anokwana zviyero, ukoshi ichi unotaurwa Henry, uye runotaurwa sezvo L.

Uye kuyera inductance kuti inductance

Akadana inductance mutengo, inova nhamba yacho rinobva nekubudisa inoyerera kuburikidza ose Coils kuti dunhu amperage:

• L = N X F: I.

The inductance kwemutariri riri novimba chimiro, ukuru uye gandiwa pamusoro rinobva zvivako zviri svikiro umo riri. Kana kuvharwa-loop Magetsi Rwako, pane kuchinja remagineti. Naizvozvo izvi kutungamirira kuti chidzoke yacho EMF. Kuzvarwa akanyengera kuitika mu namahwindo loop anonzi "kuzvidzora inductance". Maererano Lenz kutonga haachinji kukosha kuitika mudunhu. Kana inductance iri dzakaonekwa, zvinokwanisika kushandisa wemagetsi dunhu, sezvamakaropafadzwa mumwe resistor akabatanidza zvakafanana uye Coil yedare core. Nguva navo kwakabatana uye dzemagetsi mwenje. Panyaya iyi, iyo kurwisa zviri resistor akaenzana DC coils. The mugumisiro uchava wakajeka pomoto mwenje. Chiitiko yokuzvidzora induction imwe huru nzvimbo zvemagetsi uye magetsi mapurani.

How kuwana inductance

The yemaitiro, riri nyore kuwana kukosha, zvinotevera:

• L = F: I,

apo F - rinobva zvinoyerera I - kuitika mudunhu.

Kuburikidza inductor kungaratidzwa sezvo kuzvidzora Kutemeswa EMF:

• Ei = -L X Di: DT.

Kubva fomura mhedziso ndiyo nhamba kuenzana induction electromotive simba kunoitika muna loop apo magetsi simba chimwe ammeter mumwe wechipiri.

The shanduka inductance runoita kuwana simba remagineti:

• W = Li ^2: 2.

"Vangapiwa shinda"

The inductor chinhu insulated mhangura waya ronda iri runonyatsotsigira. Kana kuputira, ipapo kusarudza zvinhu rakafara - chipikiri ichi uye waya kuputira, uye jira. Kwakakura pamusoro rinobva nekubudisa kunobva mativi humburumbira. Kana iwe kuwedzera kuitika mune coils, remagineti ichava zvakawanda ndiEzekieri.

Kana ukashandisa magetsi kuti coils, ipapo kuchimuka mumwe voltage pakatarisana voltage, asi pakarepo nokupera. mhando iyi mupfungwa inonzi electromotive simba yokuzvidzora induction. Panguva energization kune Coil simba ano Kuchinja kukosha kwayo kubva 0 kusvika imwe nhamba. The voltage panguva ino ine ukoshi kuchinja maererano nomutemo Ohm kuti:

• I = U: R,

apo ini nezveunyanzvi amperage, U - inoratidza voltage, R - kurwisa of coils.

Chimwe chinokosha pamusoro coils ndiwo zvinotevera chokwadi: Kana iwe kuzarura redunhu "coils - ano bhuku," ari EMF zvichawedzerwa kunetseka. Current ari kutanga kukura, uye ipapo anotanga kusviba. Nokudaro mutemo wokutanga commutation, iyo rinoti iri kuitika munyika inductor haachinji pakarepo.

Coil inogona rakakamurwa mhando mbiri:

1. With rinobva muromo. ferrites uye mabasa matare mwoyo zvinhu. The cores kushumira kuwedzera inductance.
2. Tiine dzisiri rinobva. Anoshandiswa zviitiko apo inductance kwete kupfuura shanu MH.

The mano akasiyana chimiro uye zvemukati marongerwo. Zvichienderana parameters ndehwevakadai coils inductance. The yemaitiro neimwe nyaya yakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, ari inductance vachava vakaenzana umwe-rukoko Coils:

• L = 10μ0ΠN ² R ^2: 9R + 10l.

Zvino nokuti multilayer mumwe mutoo:

• L = μ0N ² R ^2: 2Π (6R + 9l + 10w).

Key zvakabudiswa chokuita basa Coils:

1. On a cylindrical ferrite chikuru inductance kunoitika pakati.
2. Nokuti kunonyanyisa inductance unofanira rakada muchikuvadza windings pamusoro vangapiwa.
3. The inductance of maduku, nhamba diki muchichinjana.
4. The toroidal makirisito kure pakati majana ose coils hazvina basa.
5. The inductance mutengo kunobva "vachichinjana akaenzana."
6. Kana inductor kwakabatana munguva series, zvachose mutengo wavo mubatanidzwa inductances.
7. Kana zvakabatana muna zvakafanana, unofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti inductance vakanga munzvimbo dzokuzororera dzaiva pamusoro bhodhi. Zvikasadaro, uchapupu hwavo vachava sizvo nokuda yakawiriranwa zvaiitwa rinobva minda.

solenoid

Pasi pfungwa iyi inoreva cylindrical Coil of waya kuti anogona kukuvadza imwe kana kupfuura akaturikidzana. mumwe humburumbira pakureba substantially kupfuura dhayamita. Nokuda maitiro akadaro kana zvemagetsi kuitika mune solenoid mhango akaberekwa remagineti. Mwero kwokuchinja rinobva nekubudisa Proportional kuchinja ano. The inductance of Coil muchiitiko ichi rinowanikwa sezvinotevera:

• df: DT = L KE: DT.

Kunyange mhando iyi Coils rinonzi electromechanical actuator pamwe retractable core. Panyaya iyi, iyo solenoid iri yaipiwa ane kwokunze ferromagnetic rinobva chinoumba - joko.

Munguva yedu, mudziyo anogona nokubatanidza hydraulics uye Electronics. On hwaro ichi, yakatanga mienzaniso mina:

• Chokutanga anokwanisa kudzora mutsetse kufurirwa.
• The muenzaniso wechipiri kwakasiyana nemamwe kumanikidzwa gozvo zvechizarira-up batira ari torque convert.
• The muenzaniso wechitatu ayo sezvamunoita rine kumanikidzwa regulators, basa basa kusuduruka.
• Wechina rinodzorwa hydraulically kana mavharuvhu.

The zvakakodzera kukarukureta zvokuimba kuti

Kuti tiwane inductance ari coils, iyo nzira inoshandiswa sezvinotevera:

• L = μ0n ² V,

apo μ0 chinoratidza rinobva permeability ane Vacuum, N - inhamba majana, V - vhoriyamu of solenoid.

Uyewo kuverenga coils inductance sezvinobvira uye achibatsirwa nomumwe mutoo:

• L = μ0N ² S: l,

apo S - ndiye nzvimbo uye L muchinjikwa-sectional - Kureba solenoid.

Kuti tiwane inductance ari coils, nzira yemaitiro rinoshandiswa, chero kuti yakakodzera dambudziko iri.

Kunoshanda AC uye DC

The remagineti kuti yakawanikwa mukati coils, rinotungamirirwa pamwe akabatana uye akaenzana:

• B = μ0nI,

apo μ0 - permeability pamusoro Vacuum ndiko, N - inhamba majana, uye ini - ano ukoshi.

Kana ano runoyerera napakati solenoid, iyo coils zvitoro simba riri akaenzana basa zvakakodzera kuti asimbise kutira. Kuverenga inductance iri iyi, iyo nzira inoshandiswa sezvinotevera:

• E = Li ^2: 2

apo L inoratidza inductance kukosha, uye E - zvakachengetwa simba.

Self-induction electromotive simba kunoitika apo magetsi ari solenoid.

Kana ari AC kushanda sokuti ane rakatumbuka remagineti. Kutungamirirwa simba kukwezvana dzingasiyana, uye anogona kuramba kuchinja. nyaya yokutanga kunoitika apo uchishandisa solenoid sezvo solenoid. Uye chechipiri, kana armature chakagadzirwa rinobva zvinhu. Solenoid rakatumbuka razvino ane impedance, iyo rwuripowo ichitenderera nemishonga yayo inductance.

Kushandiswa kupfuura zvinowanzovapo solenoids wokutanga mhando (DC) - munhu translational simba sezvo actuator. The simba kunobva nemamiriro chinoumba uye nevamwe. Miyenzaniso kushandiswa chigero kana kutema basa macheki vari mari zvenhoroondo, Motors uye mavharuvhu ari hydraulic gadziriro, Vhudzi ari Tabs. Solenoids rechipiri mhando anoshandiswa sezvo inductors kuti induction kudziyisa mune Kukuru Mukutonga kwechiFascist yamavira.

oscillatory nematunhu

The nyore of resonant redunhu chinhu Serial oscillating dunhu, zvinosanganisira inductor Coils vanobatanidzwa uye capacitor kuburikidza iyo ive rakatumbuka iyezvino Rwako. Kuziva inductance ari coils, iyo nzira inoshandiswa sezvinotevera:

• XL = W X L,

sezvamakaropafadzwa XL anoratidza reactance coils, uye W - tenderera maitikiro.

Kana ukashandisa reactive impedance pamusoro capacitor, ipapo nzira taitsvaka seizvi:

Xc = 1: W X C.

Unhu Kupfuura Yose oscillation redunhu ndiye resonant kakawanda, maitiro impedance uye Q kwemutariri. Wokutanga inechirevo kakawanda apo loop kuramba rinoshanda. Yechipiri inoratidza kuti reactance panguva resonant kakawanda pakati tsika dzakadai capacitance uye inductance pamusoro oscillating redunhu. Chechitatu unhu anosarudza kuti amplitude uye upamhi ari amplitude-kakawanda unhu (Frequency response) pamusoro resonance uye anoratidza kukura zvakachengetwa simba mudunhu zvichienzaniswa simba Nokurasikirwa muzana oscillation nguva. Kakawanda ehupfumi yacho unyanzvi matunhu vari akayera kushandisa kakawanda apindure. Panyaya iyi, dunhu runoonekwa sechinhu quadripole. Kana mufananidzo mutengo uri calculators voltage loop pfuma (K). ukoshi Izvi zvinoratidza nhamba goho voltage kuti chiyamuro. Nokuti matunhu kuti murege zvinosanganisira simba zvinyorwa uye zvakasiyana chisimbiso okunze, kuti coefficient mutengo mukuru kubatana. It uderedze Zero kana panguva frequencies rakasiyana resonance redunhu ane mukuru nemishonga ukoshi. Kana shoma kurwisa mutengo, kuti coefficient riri pedyo kubatana.

Yakafanana resonant redunhu rinosanganisira miviri ndege nhengo nechisimba zvakasiyana reactivity. Kushandiswa kwakadai redunhu chinoreva ruzivo kuti yakafanana redunhu zvinhu zvakakodzera kuwedzera conductivity yavo chete, asi kwete nemishonga. Panguva resonant kakawanda zvinonyatsorehwa conductivity kwemutariri akaenzana razero, zvichiratidza kuti zvikuru guru AC nemishonga. Nokuti dunhu zvinosanganisira yakafanana capacitance (C), kuzvidzivirira (R) uye inductance, kuti nzira kuti kunovabatanidza uye unhu chinhu (Q), sezvinotevera:

• Q = R√C: L.

In mashandiro, yakafanana wedunhu muna imwe nguva oscillation ruviri simba mukutsinhana pakati condenser uye coils. Muchiitiko chino, mumwe loop kuitika, riri zvikuru kupfuura kuitika ukoshi mudunhu kwokunze.

capacitor basa

The mudziyo iri miviri-danda yakaderera conductivity uye ane shanduka kana kugara capacitance ukoshi. Kana capacitor hachiverengerwi, kurwisa raro pedyo razero, zvikasadaro zviri akaenzana kusaverengeka. Kana simba panobva riri akochonorwa kubva chinhu, zvinova kuti bhuku wayo buditsa. Kushandisa capacitor mu zvemagetsi ndiyo basa filters kuti abvise ruzha. Mudziyo nesimba zvokushandisa simba nematunhu vari aidya enyika makuru zvinorema. Izvi zvinobva chinhu ichocho kukwanisa kupfuura munhu shanduka pakuderedza, asi kuitika kugadzikana. The kumusoro kakawanda chazvo, kashoma kuti kurwisa yacho capacitor. Somugumisiro, mashoko condenser tsvikinyidza zvose ruzha kuti anoenderera pamusoro DC.

Nemishonga chaikosha kunobva capacitance. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, hazvina kuchenjera kuisa capacitors nedzimwe vhoriyamu kunhonga ose ruzha. Nokuda mano mudziyo kupfuura zvakananga mamiriro chete panguva uchiraira riini kushandiswa kwayo somukuru chinhu jenareta kana kupomba zvinoumba chimwe.

Capacitors vasvika marudzi akawanda. Ainyanya kushandiswa kupatsanura pakati dielectric mhando, sezvo parameter ichi anosarudza kutsiga capacitance, kuputira kuzvidzivirira uye zvichingodaro. Systematization Huru uyu sezvinotevera:

1. Capacitors ane gaseous dielectric.
2. Vacuum.
3. With nemvura dielectric.
4. With yakasimba inorganic dielectric.
5. With hwakasimba Organic dielectric.
6. Solid.
7. Electrolytic.

Pane kupatsanura capacitors kuenda (yakagovana kana vakazvitsaurira), chimiro kudzivirira zvimwewo zvinoitika (akadzivirira uye kudzivirirwa, yoga uye vasiri voga, dzaizara, uye rakanamwa) unyanzvi chokugadza (coupler, kudhinda, pemvura, nembambo sikuruu, mumwe Snap Pin ). mudziyo kunogonawo kusiyaniswa nemano avo kushandura mu capacitance:

1. Capacitors, wakaiswa, kuti ndiye, inogona iri nguva dzose dzose.
2. Trimmer. Ivo vanokwanisa haachinji panguva nokushanda zvokushandisa, asi izvozvo zvinogona kugadziridzwa kamwe kana nguva nenguva.
3. Variables. It capacitors kuti anobvumira mukushanda midziyo achinje pakukwanisa kwayo.

Inductor uye capacitor

Conductive zvinhu mudziyo vanokwanisa rakasikwa yayo inductance. Izvi STRUCTURAL zvikamu zvakadai masonry, kuti unobva bhazi, mumwe muteresi zviteshi uye fuses. Unogona kusika zvimwe capacitor inductance kuburikidza bhazi. redunhu uchishandisa muoti kunobva inductance, capacitance uye kurwisa. The yemaitiro nokuti pakuverenga ari inductance kuti kunoitika apo pedyo resonant kakawanda, zvinotevera:

• Ce = C: (1 - 4Π ² add ² LC),

apo Ce anosarudza chinobudirira capacitance, C inoratidza chaiko capacitance, f - ndiye kakawanda, L - inductance.

The inductance ukoshi vanofanira nguva dzose kunzi kana tichishanda nesimba capacitors. Nokuti kupomba capacitors kuzvipira inductance kukosha inokosha. zvinoyerera chazvo chakwira pamusoro induction loop uye ane mhando mbiri - aperiodic uye oscillatory.

Inductance ari condenser tinofanira yeimwe vematunhu zvinhu mairi. Somuenzaniso, mune yakafanana kubatana zvikamu uye tai, mutengo uyu vakaverenga inductances ari pasuru chikuru busbar uye mhedziso. Kuti tiwane pamusoro inductance kwakadai, nzira iri sezvinotevera:

• Lk = LP + CM + LB,

apo Lk anoratidza inductance mudziyo, ari LP -Package, CM - huru bhazi uye LB - vatungamirire inductance.

Kana yakafanana kubatana zviri bhazi ano zvichisiyana pamwe kureba kwayo, ipapo nerechiHebheru inductance richinzi:

• Lk = Lc: N + μ0 L X d: (3b) + LB,

apo k - kureba matai, b - nohupamhi uye D - daro pakati matai.

Kuti kuderedze kukosha kwechigadzirwa, zvakakosha kugadzirisa zvikamu zvino-kutakura zve capacitor kuitira kuti maginiti awo masimba akwanise kubhadharwa. Mune mamwe mazwi, zvikamu zvekutakura zvino nehana imwe chete iripo zvinofanira kubviswa kubva kune umwe kune zvakasvike, uye pamwe chete nehutano hwakasiyana hwakaunganidzwa. Kana kubatanidza vatengesi vemazuva ano vachiderera muhupamhi hwe dielectric, kuburitsa kwechikamu kunogona kuderedzwa. Izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa kunyange nekuparadzanisa chikamu chimwechete nezwi guru muzviverengero zvine zvishoma zvishoma.