The marangwanda womunhu dzakaunganidzwa yakasimba Zvivako rakarongeka mapfupa vanoumba kuti marangwanda nezvimwe zvinoumba dzemuviri. Saka kuda mapfupa nemarunda chokuita tsandanyama. Skull uye thorax kwevanhu, pelvic nharaunda uye dumbu inoumbwa achabatanidza tsandanyama nemapfupa uye fascia (connective zvinyama membranes kuti kufukidza nhengo, tsinga uye tsinga), ndiwo mudziyo nokuda zvomukati. Uyewo, gobvu mapfupa rinenge nechokwadi kwavo zvokuimba kudzivirira Kufurirwa nevamwe, uye innervation vane tsandanyama kunotungamirira nokuchinja nenzvimbo mapfupa uye pezvisungo zvenguvo mhikuriso mhando, nokudaro anonunura sangano womunhu muviri. Nokuda kwayo Rigidity uye kutsiga yose yevanhu marangwanda wakabata uremu uye anosimudza payo pasi.
The nemamiriro marangwanda
Nokuti zvivanakire kudzidza marangwanda conditionally rakakamurwa 4 zvikamu: musoro marangwanda (dehenya), kuti marangwanda ari hunde, izvo zvinosanganisira thorax dzevanhu nomuzongoza, uyewo marangwanda chokusarudza okumusoro migumo nemabhandi. yokumusoro muzvidimbu nebhanhire zvinosanganisira chipande uye bondo, uye rezasi mapazi - mapfupa pelvic mapfundo.
The musana wemunhu, akavapindurawo, ane 5 mapoka uye 4 vachikotama: remuromo, thoracal, lumbar, sacral uye coccyx vertebrae glued. Nokuda Bends idzi nomuzongoza anotora chimiro Latin «S», uye nekuti mamiriro ichi anopiwa akarurama anofamba munhu uye kuramba zvakanyatsoenzana panguva kufamba.
Anatomy of thoracal
Human thorax ane chimiro truncated chepiramidhi uye ari dzinongoitika mudziyo nokuda mwoyo uye makuru nemidziyo, mapapu pamwe trachea uye principales, thymus, yegurokuro uye vakawanda node nodes. muzongoza wayo 12 thoracal vertebrae, sternum uye akanyudzwa pakati 12 yegwara mbabvu. Kusiyana pakati ari thoracal vertebrae zvidiki articular pasi pamusoro transverse urongwa, kuti izvo dzakabatanidzwa nerumbabvu misoro. Chokutanga - rechinomwe peya mbabvu vari ngadzirambe zvakananga sternum, worusere - chegumi peya cartilaginous miromo vari vasiyana shwashwa overlying mbabvu uye kumugumo wokupedzisira maviri maviri vakasununguka. The rinokosha nemamiriro evanhu muchipfuva, dzinova Semi-zvinofamba majoini mbabvu pamwe vertebrae uye sternum shwashwa uye vachitsigirwa ne kunzwisisa ligamentous midziyo, kuubvumira chokuwedzera panguva inhalation uye nedzinovengwa reflexively shure apo pokuita kufema kufamba. Chest mhango - nzvimbo iyi anatomical dziri mukati chipfuva uye nechepasi aperture delimited. Sezvinongoita munhu thorax, ine masvingo mana, izvo vanosimbiswa tsandanyama uye fascia, achiumba yokupedzisira nyinyo. Uyewo pamadziro pane akawanda dzinongoitika mawindo nokuda kwemutemo ropa uye nhengo dzinobudisa midziyo uye peripheral tsinga. Vanhu vane ruvara rweganda zvakasiyana zvakasiyana siyana pechipfuva. Naizvozvo, muviri mamiriro kunotemwa nokukura epigastric yorusvingo dzidziso pamusoro mbabvu uye kure pakati pavo.