How ngozi ndiyo Chagas chirwere? Zvinokonzera, Zviratidzo, kuongorora chirwere neMarapirwo

Dzimwe nguva Zvipembenene angarwira munhu zvikuru muchinetso chakakura. Mumwe wavo - Chagas chirwere, kana Chagas chirwere, kunokonzerwa ropa-yakayamwa notupukanana. Paakatsanangura makore anopfuura 100 apfuura, mumwe chiremba kubva Brazilian Carlos Ribeiro Chagas kumupfuura immortalized. zita chirwere rinonzwika zvakasiyana, zvichienderana ezita mazita ayo akawana. Ita Chagas chirwere ngozi uye kuti chakaipa zvakadini? Mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu ndihungu. Hongu, ngozi, kunyange kune vanhu vanorarama nechirwere ichi kwemakore pasina kunyange tichiziva vari utachiwana. Asi ichi ndicho Kusara pane mutemo. The anonyanya mugumisiro chinosuruvarisa chirwere: varwere vanofa mukati yokutanga mwedzi pashure chirwere. Sei uye kupi unogona kunhonga chirwere ichi uye nei vanhu pamusoro payo vakadaro zvakasiyana siyana? Ngatiedzei kupindura.

Chagas chirwere: nzvimbo

Nokuti vokuRussia, sezvinei, apo chirwere ichi ndicho zvekumwe. Asi kamwe uye AIDS kwatiri yaiva kure, kumwe mu America mhiri kwemakungwa. Chete mamiriro ezvinhu panguva anoratidza uye Chagas 'chirwere. Raspostranen Aripiko iye zvino? Pakati vanhu chirwirangwe wayo mazita ari kondinendi South American uye mune dzimwe nyika vanhu Caribbean, Brazil, Venezuela, Panama, Mexico, Peru, Argentina, Guatemala, Colombia, Ecuador, Costa Rica, Paraguay, Bolivia, Zimbabwe, El Salvador, French Guiana , Belize, Nicaragua, Honduras. Kana mhuka dzomusango, iyo vari utachiwana Chagas 'disease (squirrels, makonzo, opossums, katsi, imbwa uye vamwe, dzinosvika rudzi 150) chirwere aona riri kuchamhembe. Kunopa kutya kuti hosha achakurumidza kupararira vanyura North America kondinendi. Nechekare pane nyaya Texas, Arizona, kumaodzanyemba kweCalifornia uye Maryland. Kurudzirai American trypanosomiasis mhiri nyika pave yokutama kwevanhu, mumakore 15-20 makore kuitika pamwero usina verifiable. Vagari venyika Latin America, wokufamba nyika vachitsvaka upenyu huri nani, vashanyi - kundotsvaka ushingi. Chimwe chikonzero zvinowanzovapo chirwere ndechokuti varombo nharaunda idzi kwete chete kunzwisisa chero basa, asi kuti mari rizowedzerwa ropa uye kunyange kutengesa nhengo dzavo (itsvo, maziso, etc.). Patinenge pane dzimwe pfungwa ropa muUnited States yakaratidza kuti nomupi zvinhu pamwe Chagas chirwere kupfuura vane hepatitis uye AIDS. Uye pamukova kufa kubva pamoyo kurwiswa kana congestive mwoyo kukundikana vanhu kubva muLatin America nharaunda wakaratidza kuti mumwe matambudziko maviri kubva chete chirwere, chete Transfers ndokuita chirwere chimiro. Saka mune ramangwana komuganhu nzvimbo Chagas 'chirwere zvingangowedzera kunyangarika.

ari causative mumiririri

A shoma-anozivikanwa kusvikira Chagas chirwere - utachiona riri roga tupukanana chete-celled mupenyu - Cruise trypanosomes (Trypanosoma cruzi). Saka vakatumidza Carlos Chagas Institute rokukudza Osvaldo Cruz. zvisikwa Ava Hauoneki (ari photo, vari kuratidzwa murwere ropa akasvibiswa zvechinguvana), nemiviri elongated, rakafanana chokurukisa. Pane imwe mugumo ane flagellum kubatsira trypanosomes kutama kuburikidza nomuviri akuvara (vainyanya ropa). Kutaura navo kutsvakwa nhengo, ivo kupinda napakati Kamudzira mumakamuri uye anoumba bezzhgutikovuyu kuumba chimiro yaytsepodobnogo (amastigote). In mumasero trypanosomes zvinoshingaira kuwanda, achiumba itsva veretenopodobnyh "vana" pamwe flagella, izvo kupinda mumba neropa rechipfuwo mamwe nyaya muviri. Very zvakaipa chinoratidza izvi nemaziso vaurayi ndechokuti vane zvavanogona kuita rokuzvidzivirira akuvara, kumumanikidza kuti mapfumo pasi muhondo. Trypanosomes vari chete parasitic nzira youpenyu, zvichiita saka nzira: munhu (mhuka) - tsikidzi - munhu (mhuka). In madenderedzwa izvi, upenyu kutenderera ari kuchinja siyana kubva zai kuti munhu mukuru. Vari kushingaira vachiwedzera mudumbu notupukanana, izvo inoshandiswa Resettlement muviri takasimba.

Nzira chirwere

chirwere Chagas ', iro transporter - munhu chaiye bloodsucking triatominae mhando, vakanonga zvikurukuru usiku, paunenge kurara mumakamuri apo zvipembenene izvi achararama. Mumwe akavadana aitamba "Ivo kutsvoda," nokuti vanosarudza kuzoruma kunonyanya pamiromo. The zita akavanamatira. Zvisinei, kwete pose pose. In Chile uye Argentina, dzinonzi pachena - vinchuca, zvinoreva Tupukanana kuti, uye muBrazil - chinch bhabha. All pakati guru mauto triatominae, mune 130 rudzi mu America oga akawana anopfuura 10 mhando, vari vatakuri microorganism ichi ndicho causative mumiririri Chagas 'chirwere. Kuwedzera tumbuyu, inogona utachiona munhu anorwara kuburikidza pedyo vachionana, kana ropa rake anopinda muviri kuburikidza utano contactee maronda paganda. Chii haisi AIDS itsva? Saka kazhinji utachiona kunoitika muzvipatara kuburikidza ropa kana nhego transplantation. Vacheche neutachiona mudumbu, kana iye ari mutakuri chirwere. Zvikuru rugare nzira kunhonga chirwere - kuburikidza chikafu, izvo awana bedbug mutsvina yadzo. Izvi zvinogona kuitika kana kuhovarili utachiwana Chagas chirwere vanhu havana kusiyana utsanana. Naizvozvo, kuenda vanotambudzika pamusoro triatominae nyika, zvinokurudzirwa kusarudza pokurara zvakawanda yakabudirira (hotera iri nani), akatenga muriwo nemichero akageza kwazvo, uye kumba nezvokudya, achibatsira inopiwa vatengesi vemo, rega.

Unopinda sei utachiona

Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti Chagas hosha anhonga kana kapukanana inoruma kuburikidza ganda uye anotanga kunwa ropa. Chokwadi hachisi. Unogona arumwa kagumi, uye uri mutano. Uye zvose nokuda kuti chirwere kunoitika apo munhu wacho trypanosomes Cruz, iri mutsvina yadzo pakati bedbugs mu ganda rako kana mucous membranes. Zvipembenene izvi ndezvaJehovha pavasikana, uyo apo kudya ikoko uye crap. Murume ari kurota vaisagona kubatsira scratching (uye mhuka dzikananzva) akarumwa nzvimbo. Sezvo tupukanana kupinda muviri, uye muridzi wayo mutsva. Roga, kapukanana utano haisi ngozi. Asi dzichiruma utachiona vanhu, zvinonzi chirwere chinenge chose pamwe trypanosomes, uye zvinotevera ikaruma zvinoparadzira vanoitirwa vatsva Chagas 'chirwere. The causative mumiririri mupenyu uye Achiwanza ari Tupukanana wacho mudumbu. Chinotapukira tsikidzi ndihwo upenyu hwake hwose (anenge makore 2). tupukanana Mature dziri mune ura rechipfuwo uye faeces vari vabudiswa. Kamwe mumuviri womunhu, kutanga trypanosomes muwande akawanda muropa, uye ipapo uchagara mune tsandanyama (kunyanya mumwoyo nemudumbu epithelium). Poor vanhu muLatin America kurarama ungana, mhuri huru chakasakara zvirindo, apo bedbugs pane nooks zhinji uye crannies. Kazhinji Chagas chirwere hwacho zvose dzemhuri uye kunyange nharaunda yose. Zvokudya Ndakafunga: rabhoritari mhuka utachiwana trypanosomes, kunyange kana ganda ravo harina zvaparadzwa.

The chenjera chimiro chirwere

Zvinonzi kuzivikanwa kuti nguva prokusyvaniya ganda bedbug nyarara uye imperceptible. Zvadaro, panzvimbo pane zvishoma dzvuku (uye dzimwe nguva hapana), vamwe vanhu vanochengeta kuzvimba uye kuvaviwa. Yakavanzwa (incubation) nguva, ukuwo chisvetasimba muropa akuvara vaigara vachidzidzira inoparadzirwa, anogona kutora pezvizuva mazuva 10, zvichienderana nesimba muviri murwere wake tsika Kurwara. Kwozouya vanonzi rikwanise chimiro. Zvaive munguva iyi ndiyo chirwere zvikuru ngozi lethality Chagas '. Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira:

• rakapinza kuwedzera kupisa kusvika yakaoma chechetere;
• fivhiri;
• kwazvo nomusoro;
• kufema matambudziko;
• atadze kushanda zvakanaka kwemwoyo;
• wandei marwadzo dumbu, muchipfuva, zvose tsandanyama;
• adrenal kukundikana;
• kuwedzera thyroid shwanu, chirwatata, uye node nodes.

Pakatanga tupukanana vari etsinga fibers kunyanya kuoma Zara Chagas 'chirwere. Zviratidzo muchiitiko ichi ndeinotevera:

• kuremara;
• kutaura vanotaura;
• athetosis;
• vakaremara rezvedzidzo.

zviratidzo:

• kuzvimba nemiromo;
• kuzvimba kwemaziso;
• kutenga bronzing ganda.

The chenjera chimiro anogona kugara mwedzi miviri, panguva iyo vanhu vazhinji (kunyanya vana) kufa. Vakapona dambudziko huru zviratidzo inonyangarika uye hosha achipinda inotevera pachikuva. Utachiona munhu anova rwarisa pashure pemazuva 10-11 mushure nokuruma.

The chisingaperi chimiro

Panguva iyi Chagas 'disease kunogona kuva nguva refu kazhinji hakuiti unooneka, kuti kuchengetwa vanenge 80% wevarwere. Trypanosomes haachatyi kudzora muropa uye uchingounganidza munyama uye masero murwere uye zvishoma kuvaparadza. The "Chronicle" nguva nenguva vakachengeta exacerbation rakatumbuka pamwe kuregererwa kwakakwana. Chagas akataura zvinotevera mhando chirwere:

• psevdomiksedematoznaya;
• myxedema;
• huta;
• mwoyo.

Psevdomiksedematozny mhando Kunoonekwa muvana vane makore makore 15 uye muduku. Ndiwo maitiro zvishoma kuwedzera thyroid uye node nodes. In yatinenge exacerbations muvana kunotanga fivha, fivha, tachycardia vakacherechedza. Tupukanana nda mumba subcutaneous rinenge riri kunyanya Kushatisa chiso chake. The maitiro kuzvimba uye akatsvuka zvinogona kuonekwa nemaziso Chagas 'chirwere. Photos nenzira zvakawanda specialized kupfuma pamusoro zvokurapa nyaya, chikonzero, kuti akariisa zvinyoronyoro, hachifadzi.

Myxedema mhando kwakasiyana yapfuura yakakura kuvhiringidzika thyroid.

Huta mhando hwakazara kunonoka kukura vana uye infantilism.

Cardiac kunotungamirira pericarditis, bradycardia uye nezvimwe zvinetso mwoyo.

Tiine localization pakati trypanosomes Cruz mu masvingo nemudumbu nhengo vakachengeta achalasia, kureva tsandanyama motility kusagadzikana nhengo idzi. Izvi zvinotungamirira esophageal mhingaidzo uye zvibereko mudumbu uye ura. Murwere anorwadziwa kana pakuparadza zvokudya uye ndima yacho kuburikidza yegurokuro, kurutsa, belching, kurasikirwa uremu muviri pasinei inogutsa kudya. Zviratidzo izvi regai kuvimba kwemashoko zvokudya, uye varipo kunyange mvura zvokudya.

Diagnostics

chirwere Chagas 'chinosimbiswa zvokunze zviratidzo kurapwa kuzviongorora murwere uye mamwe rabhoritari zvidzidzo ropa nemaikorosikopu uye serological Analyses. Zvisinei, mune chirwere muchimiro hosha muropa trypanosomes inoramba pasi, nokuda izvo zvinobva zvava zvinonetsa dzinorunzwa.

Kana hazvibviri agopfigira chisvetasimba muropa yokuenzanisira, kuvapo wavo zvazvakaipira ari node nodes (kuita biopsy).

Also kushandiswa xenodiagnosis. It iri chokwadi kuti munhu anorwara utano wakasimwa rabhoritari bedbugs, uye gare gare (mazuva 14) Kudzidza, yakabuda ura dzavo tupukanana kana kwete.

Chimwe bvunzo - tsika ropa uye kusonanidzwa kuti aedze mhuka.

On pfungwa ropa unyanzvi anoshandiswa, kunobva zvinoitwa fluorescent antibodies, uyewo wanda gammaglyutinatsii braking, zviri unetseke, kunyange sezvo yakananga.

migumisiro yakanaka uye zvinoratidzwa Yokuenzanisira Mashad-Guerreyro. It chakavakirwa coupling zvinoita kumurumbidza, kuti ndiro kuziva miedzo antibodies kusvikira antigen yacho chisvetasimba. munhu akaidza Izvi zvinokosha chaizvo mune chirwere pavaipfuura chirwere kana dzimwe nzira dzisina simba zvikuru.

mabatiro

Pari zvino pane kare zvinodhaka kuti anogona kukubatsira kukunda zvachose Chagas chirwere. Treatment unoshanda, zvinosuwisa chete ari kutanga kwekupwanyiwa kusvikira trypanosomes haana kupinda rinokosha zvomukati. Izvi "Nifurtimox" uye "Benznidazole". Vanogona kutengwa muna US uye Latin America, kunoparirwa mushonga. Ipa date mishonga vari varwere rikwanise chimiro chirwere, vana, panguva zvazvo, kutoti chirwere chakafanana chirwere haisi kumhanya. In akazotevera matanho, izvozvo zvachose haashandi. Naizvozvo, zviito zvose pavadzidzisi chakabatikana kurapa yematambudziko - chirwere mwoyo, nemudumbu, tsinga, thyroid uye dzimwe nhengo.

mataridzikiro

vanhu vazhinji, kunyanya vaya vauya mushure rikwanise chimiro pachena kupora, havazivi Chagas sei nengozi 'chirwere. Asi rimwe gore Chinokonzera kusvika 50 zviuru vagere panyika. It utachiwana panguva, maererano nokufungidzira siyana, kubvira 15 kusvika mamiriyoni 20, asi nhamba idzi hadzisi dzechokwadi chaizvo, sezvo varombo, kusanganisira Chagas / Chagas hosha yapararira zvikurukuru zvikuru kubvunza vanachiremba kashoma. The fungidziro chirwere ichi ndicho chete zvakanaka mune nyaya mangwanani kwakakodzera nechirwere uye kurapwa. Panguva kutanga kwekupwanyiwa, kana nguva akakwidzwa, zvichida Mhedziso kupora. In zvapedzisira haigoni akaporesa. Uyewo, hazvibviri kuti adzorere kwakakanganisa nhengo uye akaparadza tupukanana. Gore negore, pamberi chirwere inouraya varwere vakawanda kubva rikwanise mwoyo kukundikana, yomwoyo, sitiroko uye nezvimwe zvinetso zvoutano kunokonzerwa trypanosomes cruzi.

dziviriro

To wakarega Chagas 'disease, kudzivirira kunokosha chaizvo sezvo mushonga pamusoro Trypanosoma cruzi haako. ndiwo ichi ngozi vanogara kumatunhu:

• kunonyanyisa kuongorora musha wako uchapupu matendere notupukanana sezvinobvira vaite kutsvinda mudzimba pamwe zvipembenene;
• kana zvichibvira, kuvaka pamubhedha namachira;
• utsanana.

For vashanyi:

• kudzivisa kushanyira nomusango, kunyanya pakachena nguvo yezhizha;
• yakaoma kusvika kuna kusarudza nzvimbo hope;
• regai wakatambisa mhiri kwemakungwa Goodies kuti tudyo zvaipiwa mumugwagwa uye musika vatengesi (kana pasina chokwadi kuti zvokudya rakagadzirwa, vachitevera Utsanana mitemo).

For Sanepid:

• ongorora vacheche uye vana vakura vane vanamai yakanyorwa Chagas 'chirwere;
• vaite basa rokuvakazve dzimba akare;
• nguva kutsvinda zvipembenene dzinogarwa musha vagari;
• kuongorora yezvipo ropa uye vaipa kuti aongororwe nokungwarira.

Pane panyaya kuongorora vatama zvose zvaibva endemic nyika, izvo zvinofanira kudzivisa kupararira Chagas chirwere mune dzimwe nharaunda. Zvisinei, vakapiwa yakakwirira kusvibiswa dambudziko trypanosomes Cruzi mhuka chirwere mumakore anouya angangotadza kugadziriswa.