Toxoplasma gondii. Toxoplasmosis muvanhu: zviratidzo, nzira noutachiona, nechirwere uye kurapwa

The chisvetasimba, rinozivikanwa Toxoplasma gondii, zvingakonzera chirwere vanhu uye dzimwe mhuka. Akati chirwere inonzi toxoplasmosis. The tupukanana kuti avatambudze muri zvinenge chete-celled kuti vane kumbonyanya kunzwisisa upenyu yatinofema.

Nzira chirwere

Vanhu vakawanda vanoziva kuti katsi vari vatakuri chirwere. Imhaka ichi, vamwe vanhu vanotya kuti avabate uye edza kuti kudziviswa. Asi ngozi vari katsi mutsvina yadzo chete, zviri ikoko ndiko chisvetasimba Toxoplasma gondii. Zvinogonekawo kuti utachiona kana kudyiwa mbishi nyama yemhuka kuti vave kurohwa ne chirwere. Chimwe kwadzinoita yedzimudzangara iri kuwedzerwa ropa kubva munhu anorwara utano. It anokwanisika kuitikawo mune utero hweHIV kubva mudumbu kubva mai vanorwara. Asi mukaka hakuchisina zvitange toxoplasmosis.

Cats anogona kuva chirwere pamwe chirwere nokudya nemhuka utachiona. Pashure pezvose, zvinogona vatakuri shiri, nemakonzo. Pets anogona kuva chirwere nokudya mbishi nyama dzimwe mhuka. Cats ndiwo zvachose wehondo tupukanana, kureva muna dumbu ravo Toxoplasma anotanga muwande, kuti tupukanana tusingaoneki zviri zvakatipoteredza vari akapora pamwe mutsvina yadzo.

Man ndiyo chete zvenguva hondo chisvetasimba. Kamwe mumuviri, Toxoplasma gondii anogona kutenderedza muropa iiswe tsandanyama, uropi, maziso uye dzimwe nhengo dzomukati. Vanoparadza masero uye dzinoumba mhango mairi - cysts kana pseudocysts. Uyewo, vanogona kuumba kaltsinaty - tupukanana vari akaiswa mushonga wokuuraya karusiyamu munyu.

zviratidzo

chete pashure tsvakurudzo rabhoritari anogona kuita chaicho kuongorora chirwere. Kana serum kuchaita kuonekwa antibodies Toxoplasma gondii, ipapo tinogona kutaura chii chaizvo vanhu vanorwara. Risk zvirwere ndechokuti kazhinji asymptomatic. Naizvozvo, vanhu havazive kuti vave toxoplasmosis. Zviratidzo chete zvisingawanzoitiki zviitiko kunogona kuitika muvanhu. Kazhinji, izvi zvinoitika kune vanhu vane muviri simba neimwe chirwere.

Saka, unogona hwema munhu gonzo kana:

• wakakurisa axillary node nodes, vanogona kubatwa - akafanana kumativi zvakasimba inotungamirwa;

• tembiricha kunowedzera - nayo zvinowanzoitika subfebrile, asi dzimwe nguva inogona kusvika padanho rworwendo 39;

• akanzwa kurwadziwa zvakarurama yokumusoro quadrant, panguva imwe chete riri kuongorora yakasimbiswa kuti chiropa uye chirwatata kukura zvawanzwa.

The chirwere angaperekedzwa muutera uye kurwadziwa netsandanyama. Asi kakawanda, chirwere hakuiti unooneka, ayo rikwanise danho vari asymptomatic vakaroorana kwemavhiki.

mhando toxoplasmosis

Doctors marudzi akasiyana vanoverengeka chirwere. Somuenzaniso, ongororo nyanzvi inogona rokuongorora vachiberekwa, ocular, zvakajairika, chepfungwa, rikwanise toxoplasmosis, uye chirwere kunokanganisa musimboti tsinga. Imwe neimwe subtypes chirwere ine zviratidzo zvayo. Achiziva kwavari, chiremba anogona chifungidziro imwe toxoplasmosis. Zviratidzo muvanhu, somuenzaniso, mune chepfungwa Chirwere angava sezvinotevera:

• nemusoro, utera;

• kurasikirwa manzwiro mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri;

• manzwiro pamusoro nembambo uye tsono;

• dzomuviri.

Dzimwe nguva pfungwa toxoplasmosis munhu anogona vanowira pakoma. Kukura siyana ichi chirwere chinogona muvanhu vane simba zvirwere, zvinonzi akaonekwa ari mutemo, muna varwere AIDS, mune kenza varwere pashure mishonga nezvimwe zvirwere.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, nechirwere ocular toxoplasmosis. Photos of vanhu vachitambura nezvinetso zvakadaro, usarega kuziva chirwere. It kunoratidzwa marwadzo uye kunzwa "bvungapfunga" mumaziso, ndokuramba kutarisana acuity, nezvekufadza panomuka. Dzimwe nguva chirwere kungaita kuti apedzise kurasikirwa wezvakaonekwa. Kakawanda, chirwere ziso riri kuratidzwa pamusoro vachiberekwa chimiro chirwere.

In vanhu, dziviriro yezvirwere mumuviri kuti simba nokuda mishonga kana AIDS, toxoplasmosis anogona kuitika nevakawanda. Zviratidzo muvanhu pakarepo kuti pachavo rizivikanwe. Pashure pezvose, chimiro ichi chirwere kunokanganisa mwoyo tsandanyama uye nemapapu. Nhengo dzakakosha anogona kuva anorwadza uye kumisa kushanda. Izvi pakupedzisira Zvingatovaita rufu.

Matambudziko panguva pamuviri

All pamuviri vanaamai gynecologists vanokurudzira kuongorora kana vachirwara nechirwere chakadaro, kufanana toxoplasmosis. Zviratidzo muvanhu kazhinji haana varehwa, saka nepamuviri vanogona kunyange kuziva kuti iye akabatwa. Chokwadi, kana amai vanepamuviri akanga achirwara pamberi pakunambwa nokuvhuvha, saka chirwere haisi ngozi azvarwa. A chirwere panguva yepamuviri vanokwanisa kutungamirira kumigumisiro inosuruvarisa. Chinonyanya ngozi ndiyo hweHIV rokutanga trimester.

Saka, toxoplasmosis anogona kukonzera nokupfupfudzika kana fetus rufu utero. Uyezve, utachiona mu utero vana vanogona kufa nokukurumidza pashure pokuberekwa. Kana mwana anokwanisa kurarama, utano hwavo vanogona kukonzera irreparable kukuvara toxoplasmosis. Photos of vacheche vakasiyana, nokuti chirwere hunokonzera wandei vachiberekwa malformations. Saka, kune migumisiro intrauterine chirwere dzinosanganisira:

- kuzvimba the retina nezviduku midziyo mukati - chorioretinitis (zvinogona kukonzera upofu);

- kusanzwa;

- yakawedzera kukura chirwatata uye chiropa;

- uzloobraznuyu tsvuku mapundu pamusoro muviri;

- jaundice, panguva iyo kushandura ruvara sclera meso, mucous membranes uye ganda nokuvhuvha;

- the disproportionate kukura achangoberekwa musoro: zvingava diki kana, Ukuwo, zvinozvikudza;

- kunonotsa kukura kwemwana.

Course chirwere nedzevakuru

Kana munhu ane kwomuzvarirwo kutapata iri nechirwere toxoplasmosis, chirwere chacho kunge hazvina unooneka. Aangaita mamwe utera mazuva mashoma, uye tembiricha inogona kumuka subfebrile tsika. Asi vagumirwe kashoma munhu achauya mhiri pfungwa kuti zvinofanira kuongororwa kuti toxoplasmosis.

Kana mukadzi ari utachiona pamberi pamuviri, mwana haasi panjodzi. Ona inofungidzirwa nguva chirwere kubatsira miedzo chaiyo. Kuti aite izvi, pane muedzo ropa chiremba wako ringavakurudzira kuti unzi munhu madunhurirwa shoma. Somuenzaniso, IgG antibodies kuna Toxoplasma vanoti chirwere yakatamira kwenguva refu, uye akava kutapata. Asi IgM titer kunoratidza kuti chirwere akaonekwa ichangobva mumuviri. Saka, antibodies izvi pashure anenge 2 weeks pashure neutachiona uye zvishoma nezvishoma kuderedzwa panguva matatu asati kwomuzvarirwo tsika mwedzi.

Natural hondo pakati nhengo

Kana muviri womunhu anopiwa chisvetasimba Toxoplasma gondii, masoja emuviri havagoni kuramba hanya. It inobvuma wokumwe chinhu uye anotanga kubudisa chaiyo zvinhu, zvainanga kwayo kudzvinyirira. Izvi immunoglobulins kana antibodies. Imwe neimwe Sub-kwemarudzi kubatwa antigen mumwe chete, ivo vanoona uye anobatana nayo. Saka zvirwere unorwa utachiona, uye ropa kwenguva refu, dzimwe nguva kuti upenyu, akaponesa IgG antibodies kuna Toxoplasma gondii.

Ndiko, kuvapo antibodies izvi zvinoratidza chete kuti muviri aimbova hutachiwana uye nokuda nguva yakaramba zvadzinoitwa nayo. Pfungwa iyi ndiyo mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti zvinoreva Toxoplasma gondii ari Analyses. Kunyange kana anoona pamanheru pamuviri hazvina musoro kuti tidzikame. Mukupesana, pamberi IgG uye IgM kushayikwa uchapupu kuti chirwere kwakaitika kwenguva refu, uye amai ramangwana yakatanga kutapata. Izvi zvinoreva kuti apiwa utachiona munguva gestation mwana wakakonewa. Naizvozvo, mwana mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro hazvisi pangozi.

kuongorora chirwere zvirwere

Kuona kana pane mumuviri dza Toxoplasma gondii, anogona kushandisa venous miedzo ropa. Nzira iyi serological kunobva pakuti serum antibodies kuziva pamberi chirwere. Nokuti nzwisisika chirwere nani kuongorora zvose immunoglobulins nezvirwere izvi. Somuenzaniso, kushaya Toxoplasma gondii lgG achiri hazvirevi kuti munhu utano. antibodies izvi anobudiswa pakarepo. Muchiitiko chino, zvakakosha kuziva kana yakawedzera IgM titers. Kana nhamba iyi rudo vanokosha, utachiona kwakaitika chete mavhiki mashoma apfuura. Sezvo kuonana utachiona haana kupfuura 3 months. Asi kana ari chakaipa chikuva, Rakabatanidzwa chakaipa netsika IgG, ipapo munhu ingangova haana kurwara toxoplasmosis.

An chirwere kare 12 mwedzi zvingaratidza kuti pane boka G antibodies kuna Toxoplasma akabatana IgM titers mu serum. Asi dzimwe nguva mashoko aya hakuna kukwana. Varapi Zvakakosha kuziva sei zvakasimba kuti antibody anogona kusungira kune maantigen. Nokukurumidza mutumbi akasangana chirwere, hwepamusorosoro vanokwanisa ichi. ehupfumi izvi kusungira kune maantigen nyanzvi inonzi avidity Toxoplasma.

Panguva iyoyowo kutaura chii chinofanira kuva zvakadini antibodies, zvakaoma, nekuti mumarabhoritari siyana zvavanoda zviratidzo. Vanogara kuratidzwa nemigumisiro pakutsvakurudza. Ongorora migumisiro kuongorora vanofanira chete chiremba asingazombowani chete kuziva kuti mashoko vakasiyana ndozvakajairwa, asi vanonzwisisa kuti anomiririra titers pakati IgG uye IgM.

Zvinokoshawo kuti kukwanisa kubata avidity pamusoro Toxoplasma panguva yepamuviri. Kana zviri kumusoro uye anopfuura 40% pakazopera wokutanga trimester, amai vanepamuviri utachiwana panguva gestation mwana anogona kubviswa. Asi kunyange kamari avidity hazvirevi kuti chirwere yakaitika munguva ichangopfuura. Muchiitiko ichi Zvinokurudzirwa kuti dzokorora mashoko Kuongororwa mune vakaroorana vhiki kuziva kuti waivako yachinja. Pahwaro guru ichi vanogona kuwana zvimwe ndezvipi pamusoro kukamurwa chirwere.

Zvidzidzo vakadzi vane pamuviri

Kubvisa mukana intrauterine noutachiona dzinodya zvimedu, zvakafanira kuongorora vanamai pamuviri. Izvi zvaitwa, sezvo mutemo pakupera wokutanga trimester. Iyi akasarudzwa mukana, nokuti chinonyanya ngozi ndiyo chirwere chiri yokutanga mitatu. Kunyange kana amai vanepamuviri iri utachiwana mumwe musi gare gare, hazvina kudaro ngozi utano mafufu ayo.

Asi kunyange kana zvakatanga kuti mukadzi pamuviri iri rikwanise chokutambudzika toxoplasmosis antibodies zvinowanikwa muropa serum, hazvirevi kuti hazvo ane kubvisa pamuviri. Kunyange zvazvo vanachiremba rokutanga trimester kazhinji chandagwinyira nzira iyi.

Kuwedzera antibodies, rinorondedzerwa avidity. Kana zvose zvinobva Zvinogumbura, uye zvose zvinoratidza kuti chirwere kwakaitika pashure pamuviri mwana, zvine musoro kuti tiongorore kuti Líquido amniótico.

Ndiyo nzira yakavimbika zvikuru kuona kana pane njodzi intrauterine maronda nokuvhuvha. Kana amai vane pamuviri pane zvakanaka kuongorora toxoplasmosis, uye rakazivikanwa yakakwirira kwevari IgM antibodies, chiremba achaita kuvakurudzira PCR Diagnostics. Kuti aite izvi, kuti abdominal ponji uye kuwana Líquido amniótico. It kwakaedzwa kuburikidza vachiongorora kana iri yake DNA Toxoplasma tupukanana. Kana Líquido mvura yakachena, zvino kutaura nezvomukana chirwere ari mudumbu hazvina musoro: mwana akanaka, kunyange kana amai vangu vaiva antibodies kuti toxoplasma.

Alternative chirwere nzira

Kakawanda, mune mamwe marudzi chirwere, nyanzvi dzinokurudzira, kunze miedzo ropa, uye nemimwe miedzo. Vari inodiwa kuti chirwere yakarurama chirwere mhando akadai Toxoplasma. The antibodies anogona kuonekwa munzvimbo chero ipi zvayo mhando.

Ona ukuru chirwere mumuviri pachishandiswa kombiyuta tomography kana zvenyukireya rinobva resonance. Zvidzidzo izvi dzinoratidza anogumbura maronda muuropi, kana vanofungidzirwa kuti chirwere yakarohwa ichi kunyanya nhengo.

Zvisinganyanyi kuitika nokuda yakarurama kugadzwa chirwere uchishandisa biopsy. Ongororo iyi, iri umo mugove hosha zvinyama yatorwa uye aongororwe maikorosikopu zvose.

dziviriro chirwere

Pasinei chokwadi kuti vanhu vane kwomuzvarirwo kutapata akati chirwere haisi rinotyisa, zvakakosha kuziva kuti vazvidzivirire kubva pairi. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kudzivirirwa kuti haana kudzidza kuratidza toxoplasmosis. Zviratidzo muvanhu zvingaonekwa avhiringidzwa, asi ari mashoma zviitiko chirwere kungaita kuti zvakakomba.

Mumwe mukuru chenjedzo ndiko kupedza kuonana dzomusango, kunyanya shiri nemakonzo. Zvinokoshawo haana kuedza mbishi nyama, minced nyama. zvigadzirwa zvakadaro aifanira arapwe tembiricha kwete asingasviki 77 inegumi. In kutarisirwa katsi kuti vari wehondo kuti tupukanana izvi ndizvo zvinodiwa kudzivisa zvakananga kuonana excrements dzavo. Mushure achigeza chimbuzi inofanira zvakasimba maoko enyu. Kazhinji matanho aya zvokuti haana kudzidza sei toxoplasmosis anogona kuitika. Usakanganwa pamusoro utsanana - maoko Washing kwazvo vasati uye pashure kuchimbuzi, vasati uye pashure kubika.

Kana uine katsi pamba, iva nechokwadi kuti havasi kubata zvokudya zvako, hatiendi pamatafura. Zvechokwadi, muchiitiko ichi, hatigoni siya ingress zvigare pamwe mumagaro Huro mhuka zvokudya zvako.

Vazhinji vanodavira hazvina zvakakodzera kushamba muriwo, michero, michero uye miriwo. Kazhinji, asi yakatengwa zvigadzirwa pamusoro pamusika vanhu vakanga ndikageza, asi mufaro varidzi mubindu runofarira vanosarudza kudya muchero ngaatarire kubva mubindu kana muti. Asi zvinokwanisika kuti vaigona kuwana chirwere kubva shiri kana nemakonzo.

Uyewo musakanganwa kuti toxoplasmosis anogona kuburikidza usina kuzvidzivirira pabonde. Naizvozvo, kunyanya panguva yepamuviri kushandisa chipingamupinyi nzira pamuviri. Kuti aite izvi, anokodzera varume makondomu evarume neevakadzi.

mabatiro

Achitaura kudiwa kurapwa, vanhu vazhinji kukanganwa kuti kazhinji kacho zvinoita kuti kudoma munhu titer pakati Toxoplasma gondii IgG (zvakanaka). Izvi zvinoreva kuti chirwere kwapfuura kucherechedzwa munhu pachake. Yakanga chete sezvo zvokutsvakurudza akakwanisa kuziva kuti murwere kwave kurwara, uye akanga ava kutapata. Itirawo kwakaratidza IgG antibodies vasingadaro. Vanhu vazhinji zvakakanganisika vanotenda kuti kana vanachiremba havana taurira mishonga iri kuziva immunoglobulins izvi, iye chete haadi kubata navo. Izvi zvachose isiri pfungwa maonero. Similar zvabuda - chiratidzo chokuti muviri acharamba utachiona uye kuvazve chirwere.

Kudiwa kurapwa ichibudira chete mune zvimwe zviitiko apo yakakwirira pamwero IgM antibodies. Saka, kurapwa anova madikanwa kuti vanhu vane simba zvirwere. Nokuti muviri haagoni kuva antibodies zvakakwana kurwisa utachiona. Uye kuti hutachiwana azvarwa uye kubata vakadzi vane pamuviri vane rikwanise chimiro chirwere rakazivikanwa. Pfungwa dzakapiwa vacheche vanova utachiona vari utero. Vanachiremba vari kuita zvose zvinobvira kudzivirira kukura yematambudziko ari nokuvhuvha.

Asi usati mishonga yokurapa, zvakakosha kujekesa izvo antibodies vakanga dzakaonekwa. Zvipatara kunodiwa chete zviitiko apo dzakaonekwa akakwidziridzwa titers pamusoro IgM, uye kuti rwunoratidzwa pamusoro mamiriro hutano hwehama. Zvipatara Kwaiitirwa wandei antibacterial vamiririri, kusarudza Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri kurapwa zvaiitwa.

Kana chirwere kwapfuura mune chirwere chimiro, mishonga havana zvinozoita. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, kurapwa chinotungamirwa, ave mutemo, kusimbisa kutapata.

Kuti neutralize kuti rikwanise chokutambudzika kushandisa zvinodhaka zvakadai, so "Pyrimethamine" (uyewo rakabudiswa pasi rokuti "Daraprim"). Zvakakodzera kutora kosi, chiremba akasarudzwa. Mazvikokota ringavakurudzira kunwa mapiritsi 4 mavhiki dzose, kana kuita nemhando mashoma mazuva 10. chokushandisa ichi chinotarisirwa akabatana mushonga akadai "Sulfadiazine". Kazhinji, nokuti vakuru Zvinokurudzirwa kutora mushonga "Pyrimethamine" pane imwe dose 25 MG, uye "Sulfadiazine" - 1 g 2 kanomwe pazuva.

Kunze izvi zvinoreva zvinodhaka "clindamycin" vangaendeswa. Akagamuchira kuwedzera apa.

Vakadzi vane pamuviri vanova utachiona mushure pamuviri, mishonga "Spiramycin". Kuitwa zvinodhaka izvi nechinangwa kuti yekuzvidzivirira kupararira pedyo kutwasuka - kubva mai varwere azvarwa.

Ziso kukuvara, izvo akasimuka nokuda mwana utero utachiona, anofanira kubatwa glucocorticosteroids. Nokuti gadziriro "prednisolone" ichi angashandiswa. It hwezvekukurukurirana mamiriro pamwe chorioretinitis.

Kana Toxoplasma gondii IgG akanaka, ipapo kubata chirwere zvinoita hapana njere. Zvipatara zvinofanira zvainanga kufambisa murwere ezvinhu. Asi zvinokosha kana hosha kwakaita vamwe kukuvara tsinga, uropi, maziso, mwoyo, mapapu, kana nedzimwe nhengo.