How kuungana munhu Rubik kuti kuutio: mirayiridzo beginners

Kashoma tinogona kutenga mhedziso mufaro kuita chinhu kana isu zororo maoko, makumbo, musoro uye yose seboka. Kakawanda, isu chete funga isu kuita chinhu. Izvi imhaka yokuti munhu kushingaira zvakasikwa. Ari wakangosuruvara uye vanonetseka amorphous kufamba muupenyu. Kana takava vakasununguka miniti, anogona kukumbira chepakutanga chinangwa. Somuenzaniso, kuti vaungane munhu Rubik kuti kuutio. Mirayiridzo kuunganidzwa kwemashoko dambanemazwi kwazvo zvakananga, asi vanonzwisisa zviri zvikuru zvechokwadi.

A zvishoma chokwadi chenhau dzine

Makore anopfuura 40 adarika, muHungary muvezi Erno Rubik akazivisa kuti nyika yake yakakurumbira dambanemazwi mutambo, yainzi chete nezita romunyori. Zvadaro, muvambi kwaisanganisirei achidzidzisa maindasitiri magadzirirwo mapurani. Pane shanduro akasvika aine kuutio kuti pakudzidzisa, iyo unogona kutsanangura zvakajeka zvinokosha kwemasvomhu boka dzidziso. Students muvambi unoomesera - kuzochera kutigumbura kuti tenderera pachena pasi, pasina kukuvadza pasi STRUCTURAL kubatana dambanemazwi. Saka testers wokutanga tava shamwari uye vadzidzi kuutio.

Muna 1975, kuti Rubik raMwari Cube akanga patented, asi makore maviri chete pashure raparurwa kugadzirwa ezvokutengeserana batch mangé cubes. First vakatanga kuita duku pamwe muBudapest, riri papi sezvo weGore Idzva toyi Rubik wacho Cube. Mirayiridzo ungano hadzina kurerekera kuvabereki, asi chinhu kunyengera zvakawanda maruva yayo chakavanzika. The chitoyi rava zvechokwadi waifarirwa anokumbira Mapato ose vemo. Sefungu kukurumbira wechipiri kwakaitika apo kuutio kuonekwa mumaoko hweta German muzvinabhizimisi Tibor Lakzi, kwazvo masvomhu. Akatanga kusimudzira chigadzirwa iri pakatarisana Tom Kremer - ivo vakatanga anobudirira mitambo. Pamwe chete, vakakwanisa kumhanya "cubic" Kurwisa uye kusunungura matoyi vanopfuura mamiriyoni 100.

nguva puranga

Saka, zvakadini nguva unogona vanounganidza Rubik kuti kuutio? Instructions vasiri kunyanya kukwezvwa beginners "puzzler". Saka chinofanira vatore refu uye kurwadza. Vanhu vakawanda havana simuka kukanda ndokutanga Midway. Asi ungano yose dambanemazwi zvakakwana anovandudza injini unyanzvi, kunomutsa pfungwa, chinonyaradza uye kunobatsira kunzwisisa pachako. Nokufamba kwenguva, vanhu kunzwisisa kuti chero uunganidze dambanemazwi zvakaoma chaizvo. Mumwe ane kushandisa nekusimba algorithms. Vazhinji "podsazhivatsya" uye anozodzidza neungano kutsanya. vanhu vakadaro vanonzi "spidkuberami", uye muitiro pachayo - "spidkubingom". Kutoita pamutemo makwikwi pasi auspices the World Cube Association. Today akaisa nyika chinyorwa muna 5,55 seconds. Wakaisa ake Mats Wolf. Pamberi pake, nyika zvinyorwa zvaiva Feliks Zemdegs uye akanga 5,66 seconds. Maererano ndibatsireiwo ruzivo, akatsvaka uye kunoguma 4,79 seconds.

nokuti beginners

Saka muri akabata Rubik kuti Cube. Mirayiridzo Assembly kusvikira wadzidza zvakawanda, uye munoda kuita kunzwisisa sei kuti kushandisa dambanemazwi. In zvokutambisa 6 mativi mavara akasiyana. Kana kutenga zvose mapato ndaitora uye cubes zvakafanana ruvara. Regai fungidziro ndimhanye mhuka uye kutsausa kuutio miniti pamusoro namasanhu zvose. Somugumisiro, pamberi pako - kwounyanzvi puzzle chaiita kwete kukanganisika. Vanhu vakawanda vanokurudzira kuvhara neungano nekukatanura kuutio zvachose mashoko kuitira zvakarurama mashandiro. Kana zvinhu zvose zvakarurama, ipapo muri wakagadzirira ribude. Building nokuti Beginners ine muzvikamu nomwe, neimwe iri kuvapo, kunyange mwana.

Danho nedanho gwaro: sei kuti vaungane munhu Rubik kuti Cube

Unofanira kutarisa chena divi. Fungidzira kuti nechepasi munoiswa yose marongerwo. Tapedza "uori", tarisa chena divi kwaari kuvimbika haana kukuvadzwa. In wokutanga Danho unganidza muchinjikwa chena, uye apo pane chena pachivara pakati. Cherechedza kuti pivot sectors kurutivi rumwe norumwe anoratidza ruvara ipi apo kuunganidza. At rechipiri Danho zvakafanira akakokera makona chena divi. Panozotevera chena rukoko micheto, muchinjikwa rokupedzisira mutsara. Pashure aifanira munobuda kuti inogara mbabvu uye vokupedzisira rukoko makona uye kuchinja pamakona.

Pakati rakajairika

mukurumbira chaizvo mirayiridzo vanoungana kuti Rubik wacho Cube rakanyorwa Dzhessiki Fridrih. nzira iyi gungano mukuru-nokukurumidza kuti haatarisiri kuchengeta vakawanda Masvomhu. Chinhu chikuru - kunzwisisa pfungwa. Mukuita kuenda pamuchinjikwa rumwe rutivi. The rukoko chokutanga inounganidzwa panguva imwe chete wechipiri. Zvinotevera dzidziso uye permutation pakati pezvokuvamba chapamusoro.

pamusoro kunzwisisa

Kana iwe nomusoro nzira haadi, ipapo manakiro vachava danho nedanho mirayiridzo nzira yacho Rubik raMwari Cube Valery Morozov. Pano unofanira kuyeuka dzinokosha veungano. First akaunganidzawo masere pamakona zvidimbu. Next, mbabvu mana pakati rukoko aunganidzwa mune muchinjikwa kudivi kwayo. The yasara micheto sere vanofanira kuumba zvakarurama yezvinoita. Panoperera matanhatu zvatichiri sectors vari yakaiswa pasi nezviso zvavo.

Tinoenda pamusoro wonamatidza

Kana kare vakaedza uye kunyange vakakwanisa vatore dambanemazwi, unogona kuedza kunze anonzi ubvise nzira. Zvakakodzera kuutio 5 * 5, asi chitima nani pane shanduro duku - 3 * 3.

Nokuti kukura nzira inofanira kukwanisa kusiyanisa ruoko uye abate vachishandisa kutenderera kuutio ari Kutenderera negwara uye naro. Gungano rinotanga aiva nomukurumbira muchinjikwa chena. Uyezve, zvinofanira yakapiwa kune chisina kutsetseka zvinhu. basa rako - kuti dzichienderana nechepakati zvinhu yokumusoro divi, izvo vabve pamuchinjikwa chena. White chisina kutsetseka zvinhu zvakafanira kutamira chete mirayiridzo. Munhu asina mano anogona kudzidza nenzira iyi ine Rubik kuti Cube. Mirayiridzo ungano beginners iyi mhando hakusi nyore, asi rinopa kupindirana nhungamiro. Gadzirira kuti hazvisi nyore.

nezivo

Zvakaratidza kuti vanhu vazhinji vachauya pamwe ane algorithm, sei kuti vaungane munhu Rubik kuti kuutio. Danho nedanho mirayiridzo apo hazvisi kunyanya kukosha. Pamwe iwe, zvakare, achakwanisa wekuvamba nzira yake? Anything zvichiita, asi pane zivo inokosha achava kubatsira vose. Saka, mumwe kuutio ane furemu - muchinjikwa pamusoro izvo hwavapo musimboti chikamu. All okunze ndiwo chinjwa, uye kuutio rotates kwose kwose. Nokuti nechigadziko kazhinji vanotora chena divi, uye pakatarisana - kazhinji tsvuku. Vachishandisa kutenderera zvikamu zvinobvira ari Kutenderera divi, pamusoro payo uye 180 madhigirii. Zvinonzi zvakare anozivikanwa kuti nyore gungano redunhu kunosanganisira matanho manomwe tevererana. Chokutanga anogara kuenda pamuchinjikwa chena

The huru Danho

Saka, usati Rubik kwakaita kuutio, mirayiridzo kuti beginners uye kuruboshwe - inenge hafu yeawa. Izvi zvokuti kudzidza kutanga ungano. Pakutanga, regai kudzinga nguva. Practice uye chete tsika kuchakubatsira kuva spidkuberom. Panguva ino, edza kuva nounyanzvi chikuru Danho - paungano muchinjikwa. Zviya, anobudirira spidkubery nokuriitawo intuitively, sezvo kusina Masvomhu. Chinhu chikuru - kuwana mirayiridzo ine chena kuutio iri pakati. Yeuka kuti mumwe rumbabvu ane mbiri kuutio mavara, uye maererano inofanira kuenzaniswa ne nzvimbo mbiri - chena uye ruvara. Zvino tarisa mirayiridzo ine chena muzinda pamberi mbabvu chena. Kana vari, ipapo anongoti tenderera pasi kuutio anoenderana nerumbabvu ane yechipiri pakati. Chitarisa mhiri, kana pane chena zenze micheto, ivo zvikuru kungoti kudzokera chena divi. The yasara zvinhu zvinogona kugadziridzwa kumusoro, nokusimudza kuutio ari chena divi kumusoro uye kutendeukira kuna pakati.

Tanga gungano muitiro

The akaturikidzana maviri okutanga inogona kuisa zvikuru nyore. Iyi ndiyo nguva chakaipa kwazvo vaya vanofunga sei kuunganidza Rubik kuti kuutio. Instruction nokuti beginners chinhu chinooneka, asi kazhinji, danho iri kunogona kuitwa intuitively. Dambudziko huru iyi - chisina kutsetseka marongero kutigumbura rokutanga rukoko. In spidkuberov nokuti ichi pane nzira chaiyo yavanoti "Bang-Bang". Sezvineiwo, ane rake payakavakirwa. Cube, edza nguva dzose kuchengeta chena nepakati (uye parutivi, ukuwo) pasi. Tsvaka divi mijenya kuti panguo ruvara pamuganhu mativi. Side chiso kusimudza, uye ipapo bvisai kurutivi rwakatarisana kubva kurutivi muchinjikwa kuti "vakasiya" rumwe chiso. The mashandiro rokuumba wekona cubes riri fanana - Search kuutio ruvara mukati, Kusimudzira kusvikira munda zvaaida, uye ipapo - allocating kurutivi nokupererwa imwe kuutio "mutsva". Mushure Ndokunyengetererai chisina kutsetseka zvinogumbura panzvimbo dzapasi rukoko anogona mberi kune yechipiri pasi. The algorithm akafanana, asi kutsvaka kutigumbura kunova nyore uye hwakareba. Heano yakanakisisa rumbabvu cubes kuisa panzvimbo achishandisa nzira yayo girazi mufananidzo. Pamberi kunangiswa zvakakodzera kuti tenderera rokumusoro rukoko uye kuutio rumbabvu wakaiswa panguva achida nzvimbo. Nguva dzose vanotaura noruvara kurutivi chiso machisi noruvara nechepakati nemauto yapakati rukoko. Oh, uye regai kuparadza yokumusoro muchinjikwa chena. Kana uri munhu kuvaka chena ruoko, saka iwe hausi priori akambokanganiswa akaperera, asi kana ruvara inoenda pati, kuparadzwa muchinjikwa chena hwakazarawo kwakakwana mhirizhonga iri dambanemazwi. Mirror-kufanana repetitions zvinogona zvakazara vakaungana chena divi uye nechepasi maviri akaturikidzana kurutivi rumwe norumwe. Plus, somugumisiro rako basa nechepakati kwemauto mapato vanofanira uwirirane nzvimbo. Zvino imi muri vakasara chete mukunopera - kuunganidzwa kwemari chisina kutsetseka inoperera pamusoro yokumusoro divi.

Vanhu vakawanda vavo kupembedza nguva vanounganidza Rubik kuti kuutio uye edza kuti nokukurumidza uye nyore nevamwe. Kubvira muna 1980, pakatanga kutsvakwa vanonzi algorithm kwaMwari gungano kutsanya. Mathematicians, kombiyuta programmers uye nyore kwesayenzi zvakavanzika vanoda kutsvaka nzira yokugadzirisa dambanemazwi iri shoma nhamba unotii. Muna 2010, mumwe programmer Tomas Rokicki, Mathematics HG Kotsemba uye Morley Davidson, uyewo injiniya John Detridzh vakakwanisa kuratidza kuti chero configuration pamusoro dambanemazwi zvinogona kugadziriswa vaifanira 20 unotii. Progress pamwe zvichachinja ndeuya kumeso.