How kusarudza purezidhendi weUnited States? nyika yakanangana nesarudzo maitiro sei? US musarudzo

In nomumwe mamiriro yakasarudzwa nevanhu nzira, pane maitiro yenyika yavo pasarudzo zviremera, tichiratidza National hunhu, nhoroondo uye tsika nyika. American nesarudzo hurongwa maererano chakarurama ichi haana kuenzana munyika. Kujaira munhu nguva yokutanga hazvibviri kufunga sei kusarudza purezidhendi weUnited States. The multi-Danho kuvhota nzira dzeparamende, kuti Electoral College, uku rinoti ... Uye hondo iyi zvose kunoitika pamanyorerwo chokwadi chokuratidza, rokutora pfungwa vaoni.

Where kutanga kuva mutungamiri USA?

Maererano nebumbiro remitemo purezidhendi weUnited States yakazarukira chero kuenzana makore 35 okuberekwa mugari akaberekerwa munyika uye akararama pano kwemakore anenge 14.

Inogona nominated upi bato, asi unogona kuenda musarudzo pachavo, sezvo yakazvimirira mumiriri.

Asi tsika remakore rapfuura inoratidza kuti hondo chaiyo iri dzakarwiwa pakati pemapoka maviri - Republican uye Democratic. Zviri mumiririri rimwe izvi zvikara zviviri uye anosarudza zvichaitika munyika mana akatevera.

To refu simba haana aenda musoro munhu, basa sezvo mutungamiri wenyika ndeyevanyori mazwi maviri. Maererano US dzakavamba madzibaba, gara mumwe murume simba kwemakore anopfuura 8 makore kunogona udzvinyiriri uye curtail madiro zvose.

Musarudzo muUnited States - a multi-padanho pakuvhiya. Paavhareji, zvinotora makore rimwe nehafu. Kuva achishingaira akakurukura zvichibvira musarudzo anotanga gore risati ratanga nhangemutange, saka mubvunzo kazhinji sei kusarudza mutungamiri iri US, tinogona kutaura kuti chinhu chichiitika. matanho akawanda zvinogona kupatsanurwa pakuitika kwazvo; nomination kwevadzidzi, ivo dzeparamende uye caucuses (kureva mukuru), kufarirwa mumiririri webato iri National Congress uye sarudzo pachavo.

dzeparamende

Saka, chero zvazvingava, purezidhendi iri kana munhu Democrat kana Republican. Ndiani anosarudza iyo mumwe vebato nhengo kuenda musarudzo? Akapiwa guru mwero basa, pane anopiwa kwegadziriro dzeparamende - rokutanga kuvhota kuti imwe mumiriri kubva Republicans uye Democrats. Izvi zvinokosha zvikuru kunzwisisa kuti US nesarudzo hurongwa.

Mumwe mamiriro ane yayo nzira nokuda sarudzo chikuru, Kuvhota nzira. Asi musimboti inoramba rimwe - akasarudzwa gungano, izvo panguva yokupedzisira guruundano achasarudza ndiani kumiririra bato iri musarudzo muUnited States.

Kutaura zvazviri, nhume havadikanwi kuvhota kuti kubhabhatidzwa uyo nevanovhota akavhotera iri musarudzo chepuraimari.

Pangava mamiriro ezvinhu apo pangava defectors kubva mumusasa mumwe. Asi ichi ndicho chinhu apo neapo chiitiko, uye chiitiko ichi rinowanikwa chete kana hapana musarudzo akatadza kuwana vazhinji nhume.

Pane kudaro inonakidza zuva se "Super Chipiri." Pazuva rokutanga Chipiri yaFebruary vakabata musarudzo dziri zhinji anoti pakarepo.

Dzeparamende - a hunonakidza chaizvo kwechishamiso, vari kubva February kusvikira June kwegore iyo sarudzo dzinoitwa. America uchiona migumisiro zvavo zvenguva, sezvakaitwa venhabvu muEurope muna Standings National ushasha.

Paunotanga chinonyanya kukosha?

Terms of US sarudzo wenyika ndiye remakore rechitatu vanoramba kuchinja. Sezvo inokodzera ane vanoremekedzwa-Saxon kunyika, pane kutya kukuru mitemo netsika handishanduki chinhu pasina kudiwa. The Chipiri wokutanga November - zuva apo United States inotakura musarudzo muna 2020, 2024 uye zvichingodaro AD infinitum makore mana ose. Sezvo hwakagadzwa muna 1845 uye kuramba nhasi.

Sei Chipiri? All nyaya varimi. USA muna XIX remakore aiva agrarian nyika. vavhoti Vazhinji nzvimbo yekurima munyika. Road kuti polling yemapurisa uye kurega mumwe maviri mazuva. Uye musi weSvondo, havo kuenda kuchechi. Uye isu sarudza kwazvo yakakunakira wevhiki, uye kushanyira temberi, uye mutungamiri sarudza.

electors

Vagari nyika dzokuEurope uye Russia vakajaira matsvene payakavakirwa: nheyo zvakananga, zvakaenzana uye chakavanzika nokuvhota. A shoma zvakasiyana vakaronga Sarudzo muUnited States. musarudzo pano hadzirishandisi nheyo zvakananga kuvhota. Vagari vasanangurwa Nhume - electors avo, akavapindurawo, uye sarudza mutungamiri munyika.

Pamwe munhu wokutanga ehurumende vagari US vanogamuchira uye mutevedzeri wenyika, ari pamwe naye imwe chikwata. Ndivo chete vanhu munyika, iyo akasarudzwa panguva yeUnited vanochiva kureva dzinomirira zvido yose, pane imwe mamiriro.

The Kuronga bhodhi

Hazvibviri kunzwisisa sei kusarudza purezidhendi weUnited States, pasina kunzwisisa nzira kuziva nesarudzo kukoreji. The voter anosvika panzvimbo uye kuvhota mumiriri wavanoda, saka mukupupurira ayo chikwata vamiririri. Zvino kune nhume panguva wevakadzidza sarudzo uye yakasimbiswa nesananguro purezidhendi.

The chikwata electors vanowanzotevedzera taurira zvikuru chiremera vamiririri neimwe hurumende. Rinogona kuva congressmen, vakuru, kana chete anodiwa vanhu.

Kubva neimwe hurumende kunosvika dzinoverengeka electors, riri Proportional kuti nhamba yevanhu vane kodzero kuvhota uye kurarama mairi. It unoshanda nzira yemaitiro yakadaro - electors vazhinji kusarudzwa dzimwe nhengo dzeParamende kubva neHurumende Congress, pamwe 2 vanhu.

Somuenzaniso, chikamu chikuru nhamba enhume muna 2016 aigona kupa California - 55 vanhu. The duku - the dzakati vakawanda inoti, akadai Utah, Alaska uye vamwe - 3 vanhu. In zvachose, bhodhi - 538 vanhu. Kuti ndiwane sezvinodiwa mavhoti ose 270 electors.

Yekudzidza nhoroondo ehurumende hurongwa

A mugari wenyika unitary, centralized mamiriro kwakaoma kunzwisisa nei America saka kuoma ake sarudzo zano. Yose ndeyokuti yepakutanga United States asina rakabatana nyika ine vanachandagwinyira tote simba.

The chaizvo Musoro United States (kana chaizvoizvo - "United States") inoti kuti kwaiva mubatanidzwa yakaenzana inoti. mibvunzo chete kupfuura kunzwisisa vakapa wenharaunda yaitongwa yeUnited hurumende Washington - muchiuto, mari murau, dzimwe mutemo. dzimwe dzakawanda mabasa All vaiita bedzi mune zviremera zvemo.

Kusvikira ikozvino, somuenzaniso, hapana muviri chete vedare mapurisa. Mapurisa neimwe ehurumende inoshuma zvakananga vepurovhinzi uye pasina guta.

Pfungwa redunhu electors

Mumwe mamiriro anokoshesa ropafadzo yawo. Saka, muna nyaya yakadaro inokosha uye kwakasimbiswa hurongwa umo purezidhendi akasarudzwa nevamiririri vaibva neimwe nyaya Federation, kwete nyore svomhu ruzhinji. Nekuti zvimwe zvakadai guru inoti sezvo California kana New York, kunongoda nokuda hombe vazhinji kumanikidza zvavanoda pamusoro vamwe States. Uye saka, ndiko chete panyaya rutsigiro munyika, mumiriri achakwanisa kuva mutungamiri wenyika.

Kuti ndiwo zano ichi - rutsigiro nheyo Federation of United States.

Gakava pamusoro nesarudzo hurongwa

Pasi ino, pangava nevamwe kutsanangura. An yauri kushanyira uyo akagamuchira zvakawanda mavhoti pane nemuvengi wake, aigona tirambane nyore nokuti vashomanana electors. Chikonzero ichi. Yatova pachena, vakawanda, sezvo muUnited States purezidhendi akasarudzwa. Dunhu ine iri chokwadi kuti aizogadza nesarudzo kukoreji, vakaungana kubva zvose pamusoro hurumende.

The womumhuri kwava kuti nheyo dzose kana chinhu. Hazvina basa kana kubhabhatidzwa akunda, uti, California, kubudikidza ukomba hwakanga huchiipoteredza 99% 1%, kana vakakunda ukomba hwakanga huchiipoteredza vhoti mumwe chete. Iye chero nenzira kuwana zvose nesarudzo kota, nzvimbo ehurumende (mu iyi - 55 vanhu).

Izvozvo nokuti Democratic kukwikwidza anogona vanovhotera Ruzhinji rwakapindura vanovavhotera ose kumatunhu pakukura (California, New York), uye nokudaro kupa naye svomhu outvote zvose pamusoro nyika. Asi kana pasina rutsigiro dzimwe inoti - hapana kukunda. Saka, kune dzimwe zvakadini izvozvo yatyora nheyo yokuenzana rimwe chete vhoti. Voter kumwe kuUtah kana Alaska "anoyera" kupfuura California kana New York.

The gakava pamusoro kudiwa kuchinja zvawave kwenguva refu, asi akapa zvetsika Rumhangapanga vokuAmerica mumunda mutemo, kuchinja vachafanira kumirira kwenguva refu.

Chikonzero Trump mukuwana sarudzo muna 2016

Izvi ndizvo zvakaitika panguva ichangobva musarudzo muUnited States. Clinton akavhotera vanhu vakawanda. Asi ruzhinji akanga kubudirira tichiregeredza hunoshamisa preponderance pakati Democrats muna rinoti avo, apo, uye saka dzinozivikanwa -bereka kwavari vose electors. kukunda Trump yakanga kuti akakwanisa kukunda mune Where vavhoti vasati akasarudza kunyatsoreva zvavo zvavanosarudza.

Kune akawanda Swing rinoti, apo pasina vakasiyana zvaunofarira pamusoro Democrats kana Republicans. Kukosha ndivo makuru matatu kana mana. Uyewo, chinonyanya unokosha vavo - Florida, izvo kugoverwa 27 electors. Inenge nguva dzose Kumukundi mu Florida uye akava purezidhendi munyika. Nemamwe mashoko, chinangwa yose musarudzo kuti zvipe mukana muna mitatu-mina inoti kubva 50!

Izvi zvinoitwa Donald gwatya. Vairegeredza kuparapatika tariro yokuti California uye New York, uye yakaomerera dzose simba chaipo apo kunodiwa.

nhoroondo zviitiko

Nhasi zviri pachena sei kusarudza purezidhendi weUnited States. Asi panguva pakuvapo statehood yakabuda uye kunzwisisa nyaya.

Kana wakaenzana mavhoti ose electors mutungamiri akasarudzwa nedzimba Representatives. Ndizvo Jefferson akanga akasarudzwa muna 1800 uye Adams muna 1824. Kutonga uku kuchiripo nhasi, asi tsika iyi haisi nyaya kusvika, sezvo kurwa ndiyo bedzi pakati maviri Vakwikwidzi chaidzo. iri kunyange, vakapiwa kunyange nhamba electors hunonzi zvinogoneka uye pfungwa iyi.

Technical mashoko, okuti

Saka, sarudzo emarudzi dzakaitwa, kuti Electoral College inounganidzwa. Vakakokwa musingaendi kunze ehurumende yavo, inounganidzwa muna December, pazuva raanotaura pebumbiro remitemo. Procedure yakarongwa vhoti kunoitika. Zvichaitwa akambochera uye akatumira reCongress, apo chaiwo basa anovamba nemigumisiro kuvhota.

Pashure tendero kubudikidza Congress uye neDare, pakutanga 2017, Donald Trump pamutemo kutanga mabasa President. Maererano nebumbiro remitemo raizoitwa January 20 Pakutsaurirwa mhemberero.

Zvakaoma kunzwisisa sei kusarudza purezidhendi weUnited States. Kuti aite izvi, unofanira kutarisa nhoroondo yacho, kunzwisisa tsika dzayo uye mafungiro vanhu. Musarudzo muUnited States - inonakidza uye dzinonakidza dzinoratidza, zvisinei enyika zvaunofarira zviri munhu.