Holy Wakaropafadzwa Basil. St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinofadza uye akanaka rainzwika guru Russian ndiye St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo (yaifananidzira pazasi), hunonziwo Chechi Kurevererwa Our Lady, yakavakwa muna XVI remakore varayirwa chevaux Ivan IV anotyisa. Chinenge munhu wose munyika anoziva kuti iri Red Square, asi kwete vose anoziva nyaya yacho kuvakwa uye ngano chokuita nayo. Asi zvakadaro haingatikwaniri kuziva chete pamusoro Church. Saint, pashure uyo chapero yakavakwa, uye gare gare akazozivikanwa temberi pacharo, ainzi Vasiliy Blazhenny. Nyaya youpenyu hwake, mabasa uye rufu hakuna muduku kunakidza pane nyaya pakuvaka Church.

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St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo (zvinonzi yakashongedzwa mifananidzo yakawanda postcards nokuti vashanyi) yakavakwa munguva kubvira 1555 musi 1561 kuti zvichengete kubatwa kweguta-nhare Kazan kubudikidza chevaux Ivan Vasilyevich. Kune shanduro akanga musiki shongwe iyi mapurani dzechokwadi dzakawanda. We funga chete nzira huru nhatu. Wokutanga izvi - the dzichimhanya Yakovlev mapurani, vaitakura remadunhu- pamusoro Barma. Zvazikamwa panguva yacho muPskov vanatenzi. The nzira yechipiri - Barma uye dzichimhanya. Izvi zviviri ezvivako ariita pakuvaka temberi. Uye wechitatu - the Church akadzika vamwe vemifananidzo vasingazivikanwi Western Europe, anofungidzirwa kubva Italy.

In nyasha azvino shanduro ndechokuti vakawanda zvivako Kremlin rakavakwa vatama kubva munyika iyi. Unique mhanya, yakasimbiswa St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo (mufananidzo mukuru anoratidza), chichinyatsobatanidzwa rinobatanidza tsika Russian uye European mapurani. Asi zvinokosha kuona kamwechete kuti shanduro iyi zvachose hapana vhidhiyo uchapupu.

Panewo ngano maererano iyo zvose ezvivako vaishanda racho temberi, vakanga kunyimwa zvarayirwa Ivan vanotyisa - achida kuti havana vakakwanisa kuvaka chinhu zvakafanana. Asi pane imwe dambudziko. Kana munyori yetemberi ichiri Postnik Yakovlev, hazvaikwanisa mupofumare. Makore mashomanana gare gare akanga achiri kushanda pakusikwa Kremlin muna Kazan.

Nemamiriro kwetemberi

The Church ine dzinokwana domes gumi; vapfumbamwe vari iri huru mamiriro uye mumwe - pamusoro bhero shongwe. Inoitwa temberi masere. Zvavo zvoushe vatsvene chete mukukudza dzemazororo, umo yairwirwa hondo Kazan kwakaitika. Machechi All sere achitenderera mukuru-rechipfumbamwe kuti ane mbiru-kufanana marongerwo. Zvinonzi rakavakwa kukudza Amai vaMwari nechifukidziro inoguma tende duku cupola. Vamwe domes Vasiliya Blazhennogo anotarisa Pakutanga dzinozivikanwa. Vane hanyanisi chimiro, asi zvisingapindirani kugadzirwa yavo. Zvavovo All mapfumbamwe kumira vanhuwo chawo uye vari interconnected dzepasi dzakawanda kuchinja uye maberere, izvo yaro yepakutanga muchimiro rakanga rakavhurika.

Muna 1558, kuti Church of Kuchengetedzwa Amai Mwari akavaka chapero, iyo vagadzwe rokukudza Vasiliya Blazhennogo. Zvakange kuvakwa panzvimbo kare kwaiva zvisaririra womusande. Sezvo zita raro akapa zita katedraali wechipiri. Pashure pemakore anenge 20, uye temberi wakasimuka yaro hipped bhero shongwe.

uriri First - bhesimendi

Ndinofanira kutaura kuti St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo (photo, Chokwadi, hazvina kuratidza) haana kuva zimba. Zvese dzechechi yake ari chete hwaro, anonzi bhesimendi. Zviri chivako ane kumbonyanya gobvu (kusvika 3 m) masvingo, rakakamurwa akawanda dzimba, izvo kukwirira kunopfuura 6 m.

North ane zimba, ungati, rakasiyana nemamwe mamiriro kusvikira XVI remakore. denga rayo chakagadzirirwa sechipo bhokisi pasina kutsigira mbiru, pasinei aiva guru pamwero. Mukati masvingo muimba ino, pane yakamanikana mawindo, kunzi makomba mhepo. Pamusana kwavari, mumwe microclimate akakosha wakasika pano, iyo inogara kuzochinja rose gore.

Kamwe zvose makamuri bhesimendi vakanga isina nokuda vomuchechi. Izvi zvakadzama pakadzika muchimiro niches aishandiswa okuchengetera. Vasati akavhara masuo. Asi ikozvino zvamagonhi chete vakavasiya. Up kusvikira 1595, yakanga akaramba yepasi papfuma youmambo uye chinokosha zvikuru pfuma vomuUmambo vakapfuma.

Kupinda yakavanda kamuri pamberi Vasiliya Blazhennogo Cathedral muMoscow, zvakanga zvakakodzera zvakaitika chena rusvingo rwematombo masitepisi, aizivikanwa chete negandanga. Gare gare Kutama ichi sezvo zvisingakoshi vakaisa uye akanganwa nezvazvo, asi muna 30-ies remakore yokupedzisira yakanga netsaona yakawanikwa.

Chapel pamusoro, vakarongwa kuremekedza Vasiliya Blazhennogo

Ndiyo cubic chimiro chechi. Iye chakavhara groin nenzvimbo duku chiedza Drum, zvikamu ane cupola. The bemhapemha rwevanodzvinyirira tembere iyi yakaitwa muna chete manyorerwo sezvo rokumusoro kukereke Church. Pane stylized akanyorwa pamadziro. Iye anoshuma kuti kereke Vasiliya Blazhennogo chakawedzerwa muna 1588 chete pamusoro aizovigwa mutsvene pakarepo pashure canonization yake sezvakarayirwa chevaux Fedor Ivanovich.

Muna 1929 chechi yakavharwa pakunamata. Chete pakupera rokupedzisira remakore rakanga kushongedzwa pakupedzisira yakadzorerwa. Memory Vasiliya Blazhennogo vairemekedza wa15 August. Izvi zuva muna 1997 kwaiva kutanga pfungwa nokuda resumption mabasa kuchechi kwake. Nhasi, pamusoro nokuda dzvene kuvigwa mari kenza nezvinhu zvinoera ake, yakashongedzwa yakanaka kuvesa. Uyu Moscow rutumba ndiyo airemekedzwa pakati penhengo uye vakakokwa temberi.

Kushongedzwa kereke

Ndinofanira kubvuma kuti hazvibviri munyaya zvichiberekana mashoko ose kunaka kuti mukurumbira St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo. tsananguro dzavo zvaizotora vhiki kupfuura rimwe, uye pamwewo mwedzi. Nyanya chete pamusoro nezvokuzadziswa kushongedzwa muchechi, vagadzwe kukudzwa ino chaiyo mutsvene.

Her kupenda mafuta kwave wafambidzana panguva 350th gore pakuvaka Church. On kumaodzanyemba uye kuchamhembe namasvingo vanoratidzwa Vasiliy Blazhenny. Pictures paupenyu Zvikamu ake dzinomirira chishamiso jasi uye kununurwa pagungwa. Below kwavari, pamusoro rezasi weDanho, chinhu Russian chishongo yekare matauro. Uyezve, kurutivi kereke yakarembera bolshemernaya kuvake mufanidzo yakaitwa pamusoro simbi pamusoro. Paaidzidzisa yakanyorwa muna 1904.

Kumadokero rusvingo temberi yakashongedzwa nzira Mutsvene Mhandara. Yokumusoro weDanho rinosanganisira mifananidzo hutsvene kuvazvidza imba youmambo. uraya ichi Irina, Ioann Predtecha, Saint Anastasia uye Fedor Stratilat.

Maseiri nzvimbo dzakabatikana unoratidza vaEvhangeri, crosshairs - Muponesi Holy, Johane mubhabhatidzi uye mhandara, kuti dhiramu iri akashongedzwa inofananidza Mateteguru, uye nzvimbo iyi - Kristu Pantocrator.

Kana iconostasis, zvakanzi kunze maererano chirongwa yaiva yakakurumbira mapurani AM Pavlinova muna 1895, uye akatungamirira kunyorwa yakakurumbira Moscow kuvake muraramisi uye rokupenda Osip Chirikov. zvechokwadi siginicha yake rachengetedzwa parimwe kwemifananidzo. Uyezve, iconostasis achiri ane mufananidzo mazambiringa. Chokutanga - icon kuti "Lady Hwedu Smolensk", kureva XVI remakore, uye wechipiri - mufananidzo St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo, apo iye anoratidzwa mune pakanyorwa Red Square uye Kremlin. Last misi kubva XVIII remakore.

belfry

Pakati XVII remakore yakanga yapfuura akavaka belfry yakanga zvinotyisa ezvinhu. Saka, zvakanga vakasarudza kuchinja bhero shongwe 80s remakore chete. Nenzira, inogara nhasi. The hwaro bhero shongwe munhu murefu uye hombe pedengu. It rakadzikwa pamusoro zvikuru kwezvokufuka uye kusimba Zimbabwe Educational, akaita muchimiro imwe nharaunda yakashama, akapoteredzwa nembiru masere, uye ivowo, chokuita kuti kumusoro kwedenga zvaiva.

Shongwe bhero iri surmounted nezvakaitika octagonal tende chaizvo mukuru pamwe micheto yakashongedzwa mavara usina kukonekita nebhuruu, chena, mashava yellow kuri pachimedu. zviso ayo akafukidza rakamonana mitema usina kukonekita uye mahwindo maduku, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera zvikuru inzwi ravo kana bhero tolls. Panguva chaiyo pamusoro tende iri diki hanyanisi rising aine muchinjikwa gilded. Inside nhandare, uyewo ari yokufeva pamukova akarembera mabhero, izvo vakakandirwa shure muna XVII-XIX emakore vakakurumbira vemifananidzo Russian.

miziyamu

St. Basil kwakaita Cathedral kwave kuchizivikanwa nezviremera Soviet kare shongwe ine mapurani muna 1918, kwete munyika chete asiwo dzakawanda kukosha uye rakundwa pasi pehurumende kudzivirirwa. Panguva iyoyo, akatanga kufunga miziyamu. superintendent yake yokutanga yaiva John Kuznetsov (Fr). Zvinofanira akati kuti temberi yaiva pashure pokuchinja, pasina kupamhidzira, vari kutambudzika kwazvo: vakanga agogodza kunze anenge ose mahwindo, padenga munzvimbo dzakawanda yakazara mumakomba, uye munguva yechando chaipo mukati kwakavakirwa vaiva snowdrifts.

Pashure pemakore mashanu maererano Church kwakasarudzwa kuumba nhoroondo uye mapurani kunzwisisa. musoro wayo wokutanga waiva E. I. Silin - mutsvakurudzi of Moscow Historical Museum. Nechekare musi May 21 akashanyira temberi Vashanyi okutanga. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, basa atanga mari staffing.

The miziyamu anonzi "Pokrovsky Cathedral" muna 1928 akava bazi Historical Museum. Kwapera gore, temberi pamutemo kuvharwa pakunamata uye vakatora zvose zvitare. Mune 30s wekupedzisira makuhwa remakore kuti anoronga kuputsa. Asi iye achiri rombo rakanaka zvokuti kudzivisa mugumisiro wakadaro. Pasinei chokwadi kuti pane zvinenge remakore aidzidza basa rokudzorera, temberi anogara yakazarukira Muscovites. Nokuti nguva iri miziyamu yakavharwa kamwe chete, kana paiva Great Patriotic War.

Pashure pehondo, akanga pakarepo atora matanho zvose kudzorera church, saka pazuva mhemberero yacho 800th musi unoenderana Museum guru ndakawana zvakare. Iye akawana paupamhi kukurumbira pakati nguva Soviet Union. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti miziyamu iri chaizvo kuzivikanwa kwete chete muna USSR asiwo dzimwe nyika dzakawanda. Kubvira muna 1991, chechi iri kushandiswa sezvo Orthodox Church, uye State Historical Museum. Shure yokumbozorora refu pano pakupedzisira ndokutangazve kunamata.

St. pauduku

Future Moscow wezvishamiso Saint Basil akaberekwa pakupera 1468. Maererano nengano, zvakaitika temberi muberere Elokhovskiy yakavakwa kukudzwa Vladimir Icon woWakaropafadzwa Mariya zvakanaka. Vabereki vake vaive vanhu. Paakanga akura, akatumirwa kudzidza shoemaking. Nokufamba kwenguva, chipangamazano wake akatanga kuona kuti Basil haana kufanana nevamwe vana vose.

Muenzaniso wayo yakasiyana zvinhu inogona nyaya: kamwe dzomutengesi zvauyiswa zviyo kuMoscow uye vachiona chitoro, akaenda arayire peya imwe majombo. Panguva iyoyowo, akakumbira kuti shangu aisagona kutsungirira, uye nokuda kwegore. Kunzwa mashoko aya, Blessed Basil akachema uye akavimbisa kuti nomushambadzi haana nguva kunyange kupfeka pasi pamukova zvitsitsinho majombo izvi. Kana ndisina kunzwisisa tenzi akabvunza mukomana nei anofunga mwana akaudza mudzidzisi wake kuti mutengi havazokwanisi kupfeka majombo nokukurumidza anofa. Uprofita uhwu hwakazadzika mumazuva mashomanana.

The kuziva utsvene

Apo Vasily akanga 16, akatamira Moscow. Zvakanga pano raakatanga nzira yake minzwa sebenzi. Maererano zvakaona, Blessed Basil akafamba munzira shangu uye gore kupfeka guru kumativi ose, pasinei pakanga ichivava kuchitonhora kana zhizha Kupisa.

Countries funga kwete chete kwayo chitarisiko, asiwo mabasa. Somuenzaniso, vakapfuura pamberi pamusika nematanga, zvinogona rakateurwa mudziyo akazara kvas, kana kugogodza pamusoro pakaunda pamwe kalatches. Panguva iyoyo Vasiliy Blazhenny zvaiwanzova zvishoma vasingafari nezvaiitika vatengesi. Sezvo chinoshamisa sezvachinonzwika, iye anofara nguva dzose kutora kurohwa uye kunyange akatenda Mwari wavo. Asi gare gare ndezvokuti, rakadeuka kvass akanga kukodzera uye achirwara-akabika makeke. Nokufamba kwenguva, izvozvo anoziva haangogoni denouncer wenhema, asi munhu waMwari uye benzi dzvene.

Pano chimwe zvakaitika mutsvene muupenyu. Kamwe dzomutengesi asarudza kuvaka chechi ibwe muMoscow, musi Pokrovka. Asi sezvineiwo yandirova nokuda Maberere matatu. Akauya kuna St. Basil kukumbira mazano panyaya iyi. Asi Jesu akamuendesa Kiev, kuti varombo John. Patakasvika muguta mushambadzi akawana munhu kodzero yake murombo dumba. John akagara yakazununguka paucheche, yakanga isina. Nomushambadzi akamubvunza uyo achiri rinodederesa. murombo iyi akapindura kuti iye lulls mai vake kuberekwa kwake uye kurerwa. Chete ipapo vakaita mushambadzi kufunga mai vake, avo kamwe ndokupfura mumba. Iye pakarepo akava pachena nei haangagoni kuvaka chechi. Kudzokera kuMoscow, zvomutengesi akawana mai vake, akakumbira ruregerero kwake uye vakatora kumba. Pashure paizvozvo, akanga nyore akakwanisa kuvaka chechi.

Mabasa wezvishamiso

Blessed Basil nguva dzose akaparidza tsitsi vamwe uye kubatsira vaya vakanga kupemha, apo kubatsirwa kupfuura vamwe. Pachiitiko ichi, pane tsananguro imwe nyaya hwaakapa zvinhu zvose azvipiwa kushanyira vatengesi vamambo, mutorwa uyo nemasanga vakanga varasikirwa nezvinhu zvose. Mushambadzi kwemazuva akawanda haana kudya chinhu, asi ndakanga ndisingagoni kukumbira kubatsirwa, nekuti akanga akapfeka nguo dzinodhura.

Vasiliy Blazhenny nguva dzose zvachose mhosva vaya akamupa zvipo kwakavakirwa vavariro dzoudyire uye kwete tsitsi urombo nenhamo. Nokuda vavakidzani, iye kunyange akaenda yavaeni, apo akanyaradza uye akaedza kukurudzira vakawanda aburukira vanhu, kuvaona sezvo tsanga mutsa. Izvi whacky saka kunatswa mweya wake neminyengetero uye nemabasa makuru kuti akavhura chipo kufanoona. Muna muna 1547 Vakaropafadzwa kukwanisa kududzira moto mukuru yakaitika Moscow, uye munyengetero wake, akatambanudza mirazvo muna Novgorod. Sezvo vomunguva ake aiti kuti kamwe richizvidzwa pachake Basil chevaux Ivan IV anotyisa, sezvazvakaita panguva kunamata nezvazvo kuvaka pamusoro Vorobyovy Hemat muzinda wake.

Akafa ari mutsvene August 2, 1557. Ipapo Moscow Metropolitan Macarius pamwe vafundisi vake Basil wemariro. Akavigwa Utatu Church, izvo 1555 vakatanga kuvaka Intercession Church pakuyeuka kukunda Kazan Khanate. Pashure pemakore 31, August 2, mutsvene akanga somusande Council, dzinotungamirirwa tateguru Jobho.

Vomunguva akamurondedzera pamusoro chete, uye nguva dzose dzinotaurwa chaizvo zvitatu: akanga mutete chaizvo, akapfeka zvishoma mbatya, uye ruoko yagara mudonzvo. Saka anozviratidza kwatiri Vasiliy Blazhenny. Photo mifananidzo uye mifananidzo mufananidzo wake munyaya iyi.

Kunamata chishamiso ichi tsvene mushandi vanhu chaizvo zvokuti St. Basil kwakaita Cathedral vakatanga chiremera zita rake. Panzira, cheni dzake zvichiri mukuchengeta Theological Academy of Moscow. Ani naani anoda kuva akanaka Monument Ages mapurani, angazviziva panguva inotevera kero: Moscow, Red Square, St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo.