Article 138 of Civil Code "Intellectual Property". Civil Code, Part I, Chapter 6

Tichibatsirwa rworudyi boka nguva dzose zvinoita akaronga yayo muitiro kuzvidzora. Kureva, vamwe mitemo vakanga pamutemo kuti mashandiro zvakananga kufurira maitiro vose imwe nyika. In ichi chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda zvakaita kurudyi zvakakwana, kana kunyange nokudenga, saka kutaura. Chokwadi chokuti mitemo dzinotungamirirwa zvikuru vasingakoshi Pakutanga, ruzhinji ukama. Somuenzaniso, kutenga motokari, kurendesa mufurati kana kunyange banal rwendo kuchitoro - vari mienzaniso zvose evanhu nekuita, iyo inosvitsa chimiro nemimwe migumisiro pamutemo. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pamwe kukura nzanga vakashanduka zvakanaka. Izvi zvakakonzera pakuwedzera yaro pakarepo zvezvinotaurwa murau. Mune mamwe manzwi, kodzero chiito yakapiwa mukuru nhamba zvinhu. The regulator pamusoro paruzhinji ukama izere itsva zvivako zvemitemo, rimwe riri njere pfuma bhora. mutemo uyu chinoenderana chidimbu yevagari bazi murairo inotungamirira ruzhinji yayo chaiyo nguva.

Chii rezvedzidzo pfuma?

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mutemo wehurumende - kunzwisisa indasitiri randinogara rine yakatarwa yokupira mhando. Rine mitemo inodzora chinokosha zvinobatanidzwa kudyidzana kwevanhu. Intellectual pfuma ndomumwe wavo. Asi kunyange vamwe vanoziva wehurumende mutemo vanhu havanzwisisi kuti chikamu kupiwa. Broadly kutaura, njere pfuma - ane rakakura siyana oga uye munhu asiri kodzero pamusoro yaivapo migumisiro basa zvedzidzo, kana mabasa. Nemamwe mashoko, muchikwata chinhu chaizvo mukana kuumba munhu muvambi imwe chinhu, kusandura kwavari, uyewo rambidza basa zviito zvakafanana nemamwe masangano.

Nhoroondo panowanikwa nezvipoka

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti rezvedzidzo pfuma yaiva kwevagari mutemo mamiriro haisi nguva dzose. Pakutanga, indasitiri chengetedza chete pfuma ukama. Tinoziva kubva munhoroondo mutemo yevagari, kuti munguva yayo kukura, panguva yeRoma, yaiva chikamu vehurumende mutemo mhuri, vakazochinja akatsaurwa. In ichi pfuma zvedzidzo sezvo chinhu murau pamutemo chete vakatanga kufunga pakati XVII remakore, kana vakatanga kuonekwa inonyatsozivikanwa migumisiro yemunyori mabasa evanyori siyana, vanodhirowa mifananidzo, vaimbi, nezvimwewo, muchikwata kupfuura rakapararira vakagamuchira pakupera XIX - .. Pakutanga XX remakore, kana kumhanya pakukura mabhora ose upenyu hwevanhu wava murayiro zvikuru zvikuru. nzvimbo dzavo nemamiriro rezvedzidzo kodzero muchikwata wakagamuchira 1967, apo vakagamuchira Stockholm Convention wakateya World Intellectual Property Organization.

Nzvimbo muchikwata muna Russian Federation

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti chipo repamutemo chakajairika nhasi ari kushingaira kukura uye nguva modernized mudzimba mutemo. Izvi imhaka simba dzakawanda dzaishandiswa chinzvimbo Russia. Chokwadi kuti pfungwa pfuma, uye zvakawanda zvakananga, ayo kwadzinoita kudzivirira - chinhu chinokosha kuti ruzhinji munyika. Naizvozvo, kana Russia anoda kuva mutambi mukuru pamusika, zvinokosha kutanga noukama hurumende mumunda yakapiwa. Panguva iyoyowo yaro shanduka chaizvoizvo kunoitika. Handiti, pane pamutemo framework iyo rezvedzidzo pfuma inodzorwa. Of Civil Code kana wehurumende remitemo - huru mamiriro chiito, mugadziriro ayo akatsanangura zvakazara munyaya akapa mhando. Panyaya iyi, mutemo mubvunzo rezvedzidzo pfuma kodzero kunoonekwa zvizere sezvataigona. Somuenzaniso, nounyanzvi. 138 of Civil Code ( "Intellectual Property") anotaura chete Kuva muchikwata zvinhu zviri kunze kuri kuitwa mutemo mutemo yevagari. Asi bhora ichi chine wayo sezvamunoita akawandisa pamutemo ukama, vane yakasiyana zvachose marongerwo uye zviri pamutemo munda.

Zvinokonzera kuparadzana chikamu

Pane rakakura uwandu pfungwa, maererano kunokamura rezvedzidzo pfuma. Of Civil Code haitsananguri zvikonzero data, asi zvinobva chaizvo zvinorehwa muchikwata pfungwa. Nekuti pane tsanangudzo dzakawanda kuti nei muchikwata kuchikosha munyika yanhasi Russia.

• Chekutanga, kuvapo kwezvimwe kuchengeteka zvigadziriswe anokurudzira vanhu kuti kusika chinhu chitsva. Pashure pezvose, kana munhu anonzwa akadzivirirwa, ipapo hapazovi kutya kuti zvibereko mumabasa ake pashure munhu achaputsa kana kubvisa.
• Chechipiri, njere pfuma formalizes ose basa chete zita kushandiswa. Kureva, munyori chaizvoizvo zvinowanisa ukama nenguva pakusika chinhu.
• Chechitatu, basa njere panyaya yacho zviri pamutemo zvisikwa achapiwa mubayiro, izvo mberi zvinoita creators.
• Chechina, kuvapo rezvedzidzo pfuma pachiyero tsika pamutemo achatungamirira kukura National tsika uye indasitiri.

Saka, ungwaru pfuma iri Civil Code, tsanangudzo iyo chinopiwa mupepa iri muboka rinokosha inosangana chaizvo urongwa zita chete pamutemo chakajairika munyika dzakawanda bazi mutemo private. Izvi zvinomutsa mubvunzo musoro kuti inyaya purview kuti sangano iri zvakaoma?

pfuma ungwaru of Civil Code

Zvinokosha kucherechedza, xnj chiito akurukurwa munyaya, Institute inoshanda zvimwe zvinhu uye zvakavapo. Ivowo, vanobatanidzwa mune Kuronga chinhu rezvedzidzo pfuma. Saka, maererano zvokudya kuna Civil Code, zvinhu zvakadai:

• chero mabasa sainzi, mabhuku kana kuti yezvinoreva hwemashiripiti;
• Databases uye anokosha zvirongwa makombiyuta;
• zvigadzirwa, utility mienzaniso uye phonograms;
• mashoko paterevhizheni uye redhiyo;
• mimwe muindasitiri hunhu kana sarudzo mapatani;
• tengeserana zvakavanzika, topologies nematunhu;
• trademarks, zvokutengeserana mazita uye nenzvimbo;
• rokutengesa mutambi notation.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti nokuti Civil Code of Russian nguva refu hariko imwevo bazi dzemunharaunda zvaizoitika waidzora kodzero rezvedzidzo pfuma. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, Article 138 chete yabatanidza muchikwata somumwe vanovengwa akakodzera indasitiri. Chete muna 2008 pakava chikamu 4 RF Civil Code, uko kunomiririrwa kwegadziriro dzemunharaunda yokudzora ukama nokure rezvedzidzo pfuma.

Features Part 4 Civil Code

Akati shanduro mutemo kwakamboitwa nokure mutemo wehurumende boka idzva masangano. Somuenzaniso, kuwedzera dzinokosha rezvedzidzo kodzero, muchikamu 4 midzi zvokudya wedare zvibvumirano pasango rezvedzidzo pfuma. Civil Code, saka akava kunobva izere, co-ordinating zvose zvinhu zvisaitike akati bhora.

Kutyorwa rezvedzidzo pfuma kodzero

Chokwadi kuti tirege kurarama munyika akakwana, inoita zvakakodzera kwete chete mumunda vakangwara pfuma mutemo ukama, asi kuti kuva mashandiro kwake kudzivirira pakarepo. Asi nekuda paumbwe zvaida kuchengeteka hurumende zvinokosha kutanga kuongorora mhando zvichibvira kutyorwa akurukurwa munyaya muboka. To musi, pane zviviri zvinokosha kutyorwa, zvinoti:

• kuparadzirwa zvinhu izvo kushandisa nzira kuti vanodzivirirwa patents;
• kutyora Copyright.

Ndiko, iri huye kutyorwa munhu worudzii ichi anogona dzika chinokosha kuchengeteka zviyero nechinangwa masimba avo.

Kudzivirirwa Intellectual Property of Civil Code

Security anounzwa munyaya yacho Institute ndechimwe chikuru mabasa ose ehurumende. Pashure pezvose, zvakananga zvinokanganisawo kugona vanhu mukusika uye kushandisa zvibereko zvavo basa zvedzidzo. Naizvozvo, pane maturusi akasiyana-siyana kuti kukubvumira kudzivirira pfungwa kodzero. Of Civil Code hwakagara nzira dzinotevera, somuenzaniso:

• kumanikidzwa kugumiswa ari kukanganisa;
• kuzoita kukuvadza kubva mutadzi;
• nepfari chokunyepera nhumbi;
• kuparadzwa yokunyepedzera dzowokwake;
• yokusimbisa rezvedzidzo pfuma kodzero achishandisa individualization.

Institutions mukubata rezvedzidzo pfuma nyaya

The akati sangano sezvataona, ndizvo chaizvo kunzwisisa. Naizvozvo, masayendisiti akawanda asike basa iro tikadzidza njere pfuma. Article of Civil Code, vakaisawo kwokutanga, chete formalizes masangano zvakafanira dzidziso noruzhinji. Iyewo, iri mubasa rinokosha masangano akadai Federal Institute of Industrial Property, Russian State Academy of Intellectual Property.

mhedziso

Saka, takaedza kufunga zvinoitwa nesangano yakadai, akadai rezvedzidzo pfuma. Of Civil Code anodzika ayo anokosha zvinhu uye zvinokosha zvenhengo uye rine urongwa kuitira ayo kuchengetedzwa. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti rezvedzidzo pfuma inoita basa rinokosha munyika yanhasi, saka kukura nyaya iyi vose panguva zvemitemo uye zvesayenzi pamwero kunotodiwa.