Hierarchical Database - nayo ... Models, mienzaniso

Hierarchical Database - a Database kunobva pamuti mamiriro. Maererano nheyo kuvaka zviri fananei kuti kombiyuta yacho faira hurongwa. Tinoshandisa muenzaniso uyu ine zvakanakira nekuipira, izvo dzichakurukurwa munyaya ino, pamwe hwakadzama mienzaniso.

Forms Database

Sezvo ari anozivikanwa, kusiyanisa nezvemarudzi zvina postoreniya Database:

• Ndeyeukama - tabular Database, apo mashoko anotaurwa muchimiro mitsara-pembiru. Maererano nenheyo iyi, Database kuvakwa mu "Acces" Somuenzaniso.
• Chinhu-zvinangwa - vari chokuita PLO (the zvirongwa tiri mairi pamwe zvinhu), uye ichi ndicho mukana wavo mukuru, asi nokuda kwavo mabasa duku, vachiri yekudyidzana kudzika kupfuura ndeyeukama hwakapararira.
• Spachiana - DBMS ingasanganisira akarurama maviri pamusoro kwemarudzi.
• Hierarchical - chinangwa kutarisirwa ino. Database ichi kunoratidzwa muti-kufanana marongerwo.

The yakakurumbira muenzaniso hierarchical Database chibereko akasikwa IBM ( "AyBiEm"), akanzi Information Management System (rakashandurwa se "Management Information System"), rakapfupikiswa sezvo IMS. Wokutanga shanduro IMS vakadzoka kare, muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, mugore matanhatu namasere. Rinoshandiswa kuti mashoko okuchengetera uye masimba kusvikira nhasi.

Misimboti hierarchical muenzaniso

The hierarchical date womuenzaniso anobva zvinotevera neBhaibheri:

• nerimwe raiva pedyo nebundu womuti mamiriro anoiswa mukati enzanirana chidimbu;
• A chidimbu ane munda Data basa munda zita rimwe nerimwe uye vakapfeka rwonzi tuple;
• Imwe tsamba: mumwe kwezvavakaisa vakawanda goho zvikamu rimwe nerimwe chiyamuro munda;
• nerimwe STRUCTURAL maatomu akafanana pane imwe uye nzvimbo imwe chete vakuru vakuru wegadziriro;
• muti mamiriro kunotanga mudzi eremendi;
• mumwe raiva pedyo nebundu rimwe chete muranda tateguru, asi mumwe nomumwe bhuku kungava vakawanda nevazukuru.

Kushandisa imwe hierarchical date mamiriro

Hierarchical Database - ichi okuchengetera kushandiswawo avo hurongwa, izvo pakutanga dzinoratidzwa muti mamiriro. Kuti kusarudza simulation yakadaro - zvinonzwisisika.

Muenzaniso mumwe hierarchical Database pakutanga systematized madhigirii - a reuto, iyo inozivikanwa kuti mamakisi zvakajeka. Uyewo, unogona kuva dzakaoma zvigadziriswe zvinosanganisira zvose mberi itsanangudzo kusvikira pasi vakuru vakuru inoramba. Nokuti simulation zvakadaro gadziriro uye vazviise chimiro vaiona db hapana chikonzero anoora. Kunyange zvakadaro, izvozvo hakusi nguva dzose zvazviri.

Uyezve, pane tsika nokuda pasi zvayakaita nyore mubvunzo pane imwe zvichikwira.

Basic akavhiyiwa pamusoro Database, yakavakwa pamusoro hierarchical womuenzaniso

Sechivako hierarchical Database achibvumira kubudirira uye kushanda miganhu (zvichienderana unyanzvi) kuita zvinotevera kushanda (anomiririrwa inokosha, mazita anogona nguva dzose refu pamwe kuwedzererwa diki):

• kunzvera Database imwe maatomu akafanana;
• yezwi of Database - kubva muti muti;
• Kuchinja - huni nebazi;
• Saizvozvowo, kuchinja matavi - chinhu nokuda eremendi;
• Shandai zvakarekodhwa: kuisa itsva uye / kana ano kubviswa, kukopa, nokuveza, etc ...

A tsananguro generalized pamusoro mamiriro

Shoko rokuti "muti" kutsanangura mamiriro anotaurwa munyaya ino kwava kupfuura kamwe. Ndiyo nguva kukuudzai sei zvakaitika. All nokuti hierarchical Database - chinhu Database yakadaro, iyo inoshandisa mashoko anenge mhando "muti." Ngatikurukurei rinomiririra.

Ichi chinoumbwa mhando: nechimwe okunze (nodes) inogona midzi inotevera shoma (imwe kana kupfuura). Zvose rinotanga chete mudzi Kufananidzira. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti mumwe nomumwe zvidimbu akadai "muti" ari subtype, zvakare, "muti." Vazhinji, vazhinji mapazi, uye zvose zvakanaka akarayira zvivako.

Basic marudzi inogona nyore kana remubatanidzwa asi chaizvoizvo nguva dzose achinyora. Asi mano kurekodha pane imwe mhando data, uye mune remubatanidzwa - wose vanochengeta wavo.

Hierarchical womuenzaniso yaingowanikwa nheyo vana, kana mumwe rapfuura chidimbu chiri tateguru kuti gare gare. Uyezve, mwana pachinhu mubereki mhando mufananidzo muranda, ukuwo nerechiHebheru mumwe kune mumwe zvinyorwa vanoonekwa vaviri.

rokuzadza Database

Huru Data vari hierarchical Database tsika (nhamba kana zviratidzo) zvakachengetwa muzvinyorwa. Yokunzvenga chakadaro Database rinowanzova kubva pasi uye kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi.

chiremera

Hierarchical Database - a Database chine mudzi forodha, zvishoma nezvishoma branching pasi. Kupiwa kuti urongwa hwakadaro chaizvo akafanana faira hurongwa, nezvigadziko vakadaro zvinobudirira kushandiswa kuvhiya siyana pakombiyuta Data. Chinokosha: ari ouchenjeri yavaive okuyeuka wayo, uyewo kwaye chaizvo unongotaura nguva kubasa.

The hierarchical womuenzaniso rakanakira kushandiswa nokuda muronga ruzivo kwayo.

kutadza

Zvisinei, zvakafanana unhu vakakurukura DBMSs kuti vave vavo huru mikana, uye ona kukanganisa kwavo. Somuenzaniso, kunzwisisa uye kuoma musoro kwakaita - ane ruzivo nyanzvi achava nesimba kubasa ane wamboonekwa chawo kunzwisisa, uye mano User uye rinokuyeuchidza "kurasika". Kuoma Izvi zvinotungamirira kunzwisisa chii chaizvoizvo haisi zvikuru Database kuvakwa pamusoro hierarchical muenzaniso. Muenzaniso hierarchical Database, kuwedzera kune kare akatsanangura chigadzirwa "AyBiEm" kambani "Oka" uye Mieris (Russian production), uyewo Data Edge uye Team-UP (kubva Makambani vatorwa).

mienzaniso

Hierarchical Database - zvakasiyana yakasiyana siyana umo ukama dzinovakwa. Schematically, zvinoita sokunge munhu inverted girafu. Muenzaniso mumwe hierarchical Database - chero mamiriro administrative sangano. Somuenzaniso, kuchikoro.

On yokumusoro pamwero achapiwa riri, "mutungamiriri" Administration - Director. In yayo pasi achatungamirira vadzidzisi, vadzidzisi musoro vane - nevadzidzisi atarisire zvakafanana makirasi. In nerimwe zvakafanana kutaurwa nhamba vavo, uye boka rimwe nerimwe rine nhamba yevadzidzi.

The ichocho chinogona kunyorwa, uye kurapa chero vesangano. Musoro boka kana bhodhi kuti vatungamiriri pamusoro. Next - kuwedzera nhamba vezvikwata mune chimwe nechimwe unoshanda yayo marongerwo. Kune zvakafanana zvinhu: vachipfuma ose dhipatimendi, ake mutevedzeri, munyori wake, chokwadi, hofisi vashandi, uye zvichingodaro.

Kushandisa makombiyuta mu

Pangave zvikuru mafomu. Muenzaniso unoshamisa hierarchical data- hwaro ndiyo filesystem. Vose vanoziva "Mawindo Explorer" yakavakirwa ari tsanga yacho uchishandisa hurongwa "Vindous" Zviri kuti zano rakadaro, uyewo faira nezvimwe mamaneja.

Network Database

pane:

• ndeyeukama;
• hierarchical;
• paIndaneti Databases.

Nei isu kamwe zvakare nezvechikumbiro kupatsanura? Nokuti, kusiyana ndeyeukama, nomumbure Database ane hierarchical kufanana.

Time kuyeuka mhando ukama mu Databases. Pane kubatana, "mumwe-kune mumwe", "mumwe-to-zhinji" uye "vazhinji-kuti-zhinji". Tiri kuziva chechipiri. Nemambure Database kunoratidzwa sezvinotevera: mumwe mutsivi raiva pedyo nebundu kungava madzitateguru anoverengeka. The pfuma yokuva kupfuura mwana akaponesawo. Tinogona kutaura kuti hierarchical Databases, nomumbure Databases pachavo vari muenzaniso wakadaro nhaka kare. Madzitateguru hazvisi chete hierarchical Database, sezvo mafungiro kuvakwa samambure zvivako zviri Database anoramba kuzochinja.

Akanyatsorongwa uye ndeyeukama

The zita "ndeyeukama" rinobva Chirungu rokuti "mafungiro". Sezvambotaurwa munyaya ino, vanowanzoororwa anotaurwa tabular chimiro. Asi mundima yapfuura, takati kuti hierarchical Database kunogonawo kuronga kukurukurirana, zvinoreva kuti pakati izvi zviviri marudzi pane neshinda usingaoneki kunovabatanidza?

Hongu. Kuwedzera pakuva rokutanga uye rechipiri mhando vachiri anoreva Databases, kuwedzera kune chikamu ichi pane chinhu chimwe chakafanana. Somuenzaniso, imwe hierarchical Database (zvakarukwa uye chinokosha nazvo) kungaratidzwa mune tafura. The pfungwa pano hakusi muchimiro iri kupa ruzivo kumugumo User (iri mubvunzo usability inowanikwa), asi mashoko akanga muronga chii chinoita. Saka, kupesana pachena kunyika madhipatimendi pamwe Vakuru dzavo, uye dzimwe dzakabatana icharamba kuratidzwa vakuru vakuru, asi zvivanakire angasvikira pakudya.