Gungwa reEast Siberian. Ukudzika, zviwi, zviwanikwa uye matambudziko eGungwa reEast Siberian

Gungwa reEast Siberia riri pamepu haisi nyore kuwana kamwechete. Ichokwadi ndechokuti miganhu yaro inonyoresa uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo iyo inogumira pasi. Mune chikamu chekumadokero, Kotelny Island uye Gungwa reLaptev rinoshanda semuganhu; Munharaunda yekuchamhembe, kumucheto kwetakadzika rekare; Kumabvazuva muganhu ndiyo meridian inopfuura kuburikidza neWrangel Island; Muchikamu chekumaodzanyemba gungwa rakachengetedzwa kunyika.

Kuyera uye Kuwedzera

Iyo yakadzika yakadzika yeGungwa reEast Siberian inokwana 915 mamita, uye muvhareji wekukosha kwechiratidzo ichi mamita makumi matanhatu. Mune mamwe mazwi, gungwa iri rakazara zvachose pakamuri rekugara. Nharaunda yayo yose ndeye 913 mami m ² . Kana iri ivhu, iyo inenge 49 000 cubic kilometer.

Shores

Gungwa reEastern Siberian rine gungwa rakasiyana chaizvo mukuzorodza kwayo kumabvazuva nekumadokero. Munharaunda dzayo pane zvakawanda zvakanyanyisa, zvekuti kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinowedzera zvakadzika, uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinoenda kure kunyika. Mukuwedzera kwavari, nzvimbo dzakananga dzakawanda. Mumiromo yenzizi, pane kazhinji kacho kakanyanya convolutions. Munharaunda yeNovosibirsk Islands, gungwa racho rakanyanyisa uye rakanyarara. Mamiriro akafanana akafananidzwawo mumuromo weKyyma River. Muchikamu chekumaodzanyemba kweS Long Strait, mabhangi akafukidzwa nechisanganiswa chemashanga ane jecha, iro rinoparadzanisa maketani emakungwa.

Inofanira kuonekwa kuti huwandu hwenzvimbo dzakadzika munzvimbo dziri kumhenderekedzo yegungwa hune huwandu hwakakanganiswa nekuwanda kwemvura inoitwa nenzizi. Pasi pemagariro avo, zvipfeko zvinoumbwawo - zvese zvese. Mukuwedzera, rwizi runoputika runowedzera kupisa kwemvura, zvichikonzera kupisa kwemafuta mumiromo. Nhanho yaro inobva kune imwe kusvika pamashanu mamita pagore.

Mamiriro ezasi

Nzvimbo yegungwa inoumbwa neshefu, zororo rayo mune chikamu chikuru chikamu. Icho chinonyatsotamira mumutowo wokuchamhembe-kumabvazuva. Munharaunda yekumadokero kune iyo inonzi "nzvimbo isina kudzika". Yakagadzirawo Novosibirsk Shoal. Kune nzvimbo dzakadzika, dzinofananidzira kune kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva. Chikamu chinokosha chepasi chinofukidzwa apa nechokufukidzira chekufukidzira kwechinguva chiduku. Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzezvitsuwa zvekare uye zvitsuwa zveGungwa reEast Siberian (izvo zvisati zviri zvizhinji pano) zvakaumbwa zvakanyanyisa nekudhura kwechinhu ichi. Izvi zvinosanganisira Aion, Bear, pamwe chete neNovosibirsk Islands. Sezvinoratidzwa nemifananidzo yakasiyana-siyana yemagetsi, zvigaro zvepasi zvehefu zvinonyanya kugadzirwa nematope ejecha, matombo uye kuputsanya mabwe. Pane zvikonzero zvose zvokufungidzira kuti zvimwe zvezvimwe zvikamu zvezvimwe zviwi zvakaparadzirwa nechando munzvimbo yese.

Mamiriro ekunze

Vanhu vazhinji vanofarira mubvunzo uyu: "Gungwa reEast Siberian - iyo nzvimbo yegungwa inzvimbo yemvura?" Pasinei nokuti iyo dzimba ndeyomubhedha weArctic Ocean, inosanganawo nemhepo kubva kuPacific neAtlantic. Mamiriro ekunze pano ane arctic. Kana iri nguva yechando, kutonhora kwemasvondo kune--30 degrees, uye muzhizha - inenge +2. Kwakawanda gore iro gungwa rinoputirwa nechando. Munharaunda yekumaodzanyemba, ice rinoputika rinowanzowanikwa kure nemhenderekedzo yegungwa, kunyange mumwedzi yezhizha.

Gungwa reEast East Siberian munguva yechando iri pasi pesimba rekumaodzanyemba uye kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero, iyo inomhanya anenge mamita manomwe pamusi wechipiri. Vanouya nemhepo inotonhorera kubva kuAfrica. Muzhizha, kuwedzera kunokwira pano, nekuda kwekuti mapurisa ekuchamhembe anotanga kutarisa pakati pemhepo. Vanenge vasina simba pakutanga kwekanguva, asi pedyo nechepakati, simba ravo rinongowedzera, uye rinokurumidza kusvika mamita 15 pamusi wechipiri. Panguva ino, kunyanya kunaya kwemamiriro okunze kuno nechando chando kana mvura inonaya. Pamusana pekuti gungwa iri rakakwana zvachose kubva munzvimbo, iyo inoshandiswa nemhepo, mukati mekuvhuvhuta zvishoma hakuna kupisa kunopisa kunoitika pano.

Kupisa uye uswa hwemvura

Mugore rose, kupisa kwepamusoro kwemvura mugungwa kunoderera mumugwagwa kubva kumaodzanyemba kusvika kuchamhembe. Mumwaka wechando mumumuromo wemiromo, inenge--5.5 degrees, iyo iri kumativi ekumusoro inenge -1.8 degrees. Muzvinhu zvezhizha zvose zvinotarisana nechando mamiriro ezvinhu. Panguva ino mumakashaya kutonhorera kunosvika +8 degrees, munzvimbo dzisingasviki inenge inenge +3 degrees, uye pamucheto wechando inenge yakaenzana nechiyero chezero degrees. Munguva yechando uye yechando, kutonhora kwemvura kunoshanduka. Muzhizha, pedyo nechepasi, mvura inova yakaoma, kunyanya kumavirira.

Uwandu hwehuyu huri mugungwa hunosiyana nechekumabvazuva. Mumazuva echando uye echando zvinowanikwa kubva ku 4 pamapiroti pedyo neIndigirka uye Kolyma nzizi kusvika ku 32 ppm munharaunda nekuchamhembe. Muzhizha, kusviba kwechando uye kuwedzerwa kwemahombekombe emvura kunoita kuti chirevo ichi chiduke. Inofanira kuonekwa zvakare kuti huwandu hwemvura hunoita huri kuwedzera zvakanyanya pedyo negungwa. Kana iri iyo chiratidzo, yakadai semvura yakakura, ndiyo yakakwirira kupfuura yechando-yechando. Mukuwedzera, inokura apo iwe unofamba uchidzika mukati.

Hydrology

Gungwa reEast East Siberian rinoratidzirwa nechepamusoro-soro rwizi ruchiyerera, pakuenzaniswa nevamwe vamiririri veActic Ocean. Iko huru pane nenzizi dzinopinda mairi ndiKolyma. Kuyerera kwaro kunenge makiromita makumi maviri nemakumi mana pagore. Chechipiri muhuno iyi ndiyo Indigirka yorwizi, iyo iyo panguva imwechete inounza hafu yemvura. Pamwe chete neizvi, kunyange pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akawandisa, rutivi rwemhenderekedzo rwegungwa runokanganisa huwandu hwehutongi hwemhepo huri zvishoma chete. Panguva ino yemazuva ano, hurongwa hwemhepo inoyerera mugungwa iri hauna kunyatsodzidza. Inogona kutaurwa nechokwadi kuti mhepo yakawanda inopararira pano inonzi cyclonic muhutano. Kana iri mvura, mvura yavo inowanikwa gore rimwe nerimwe inowanikwa kubva pa100 kusvika ku200 millimita. Pamusana pekuti hapana mazamu akadzika, uye nzvimbo inokosha isina kudzika, mvura yeArctic pamusoro pemvura inotora nzvimbo yakawanda.

Tides

Gungwa rinoratidzika nemasipiramu e-diurnal nguva dzose, ayo anokonzerwa nemhepo inofamba ichienda kumhenderekedzo yegungwa kubva kuchamhembe. Izvo zvinonyatsotaridzirwa kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero nekumaodzanyemba, asi zvichinyanyisa mumhepo yekumaodzanyemba. Izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa nechokwadi chokuti mumvura yakadzika mhepo inoyerera inodzimwa. Semuenzaniso, nepo munharaunda kubva kuSouth Shelagsky kuenda kuI Indigirka River , kuchinja kwemuviri kunenge kusingaonekwi, mumuromo wayo ruzivo uye urongwa hwebhangi hunoita kuti kuwedzere mumvura kunenge kune masentimita 25. Nhamba yepamusoro yemvura inofananidzwa munaJune-Julai yemwedzi, nokuti panguva ino ndiyo yakawanda yemvura inonzi tributary. Muchando, huwandu hunoita zvishoma nezvishoma uye muna March hunosvika paudiki hunokosha.

Flora nemhuka

Zvinhu zveGungwa reEast Siberian, iro maruva nemhuka, zvinenge zvisina urombo. Chokutanga, izvi zvinokonzerwa nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma akasikwa pano nemasikirwo pachawo, saka avo chete avo vakave vasina kukwana kusvika kutsika yakadzika vakatora midzi pano. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemiromo yemvura, kune kazhinji kazhinji mahombekombe makuru ehove. Panewo omul, grayling, whitefish, navaga, polar flounder, cod nevamwe. Vamiririri vezvipfuwo zvinokonzerwa nemapurivha, zvivharo uye masango. Nezvisikwa, pakati pavo pane makomba, gull gungwa uye guillemots. Zvinogoneka kuti mumunharaunda yemunharaunda panewo polar shark, inosvika mamita matanhatu murefu, asi hapana humwe uchapupu hwakajeka hweizvi kusvika ikozvino.

Zvinetso zvegungwa

Zvinetso zveGungwa reEast Siberian zvakafanana nenzira dzakawanda kumatambudziko emamwe maodzanyemba kwegungwa, somuenzaniso, Barents, Kara, White uye vamwe. Muchiitiko ichi, tiri kutaura zvikuru pamusoro pezvakatipoteredza. Pasinei nokuti mvura iri pano yakachena, veEurope kwemakore anoverengeka vakaparadza zviwanikwa zvehupenyu, kunyanya marwenga. Nokufamba kwenguva, izvi zvakaita kuti kuve nekuderedza kukuru kwehamba yavo uye kunyange kuparara kwemamwe marudzi. Hazvibviri kusataurazve imwe dambudziko iro rachangobva kuwana unhu hwepasi rose. Izvo ndezvekunyunguduka kwemvura inopisa, iyo inowanikwa mhuka dzomunharaunda. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, mabasa evanhu akaenzana nekuvandudzwa kwemafuta uye gasi masango anewo unhu husina kunaka pamamiriro emvura.

Economic situation

Muna 1935, ndege dzenguva dzose dzengarava dzakatanga pane iyo yainzi inonzi Northern Sea Route, yakaiswa muGungwa reEast Siberian. Panguva imwecheteyo, munhu haagoni kubatsira asi kusimbisa kuti nguva yekufamba inotora mwedzi mitatu chete - inotanga pakupera kwaJuly uye inoguma kumavambo kwaNovember. Panguva imwe chete, kutumira kunobvumirwa chete panguva ino uye mumuganhu wegungwa.