GR Derzhavin ode "Felitsa": Muchidimbu, tsananguro uye nekungorora

Mumakore 70 XVIII remakore, kuchinja kunotanga mabhuku Russian. Ivo rondedzera kunyanya nhetembo kuti kuparadza cannonicalized chimiro. Zvishoma nezvishoma hunotanga Lomonosov, Mike, KHERASKOV asi Derzhavin somunhu mupanduki akauya munyika Genres. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya pamusoro Genre yakatarwa ode, sezvinoratidzwa, kana nokungwarira uye uchifungisisa verenga ode "Felitsa", iro pfupiso rinotaurwa pazasi.

Name ode

Felicitas mu Latin rinoreva "mufaro". Asi ichi hachisi kukwana. Derzhavin verenga nyaya Catherine II akanyora kuti muzukuru wake, Alexander, akamiririra muchindakadzi muchinda Felitsa kuiisa chlorine, izvo acharamba kusangana rugwaro sezvo chiito gamba. Nokuda vashore vanokudzwa dzakapoteredza Catherine II, shamwari zano haana kudhinda ive ode. Panzvimbo tsamwisa, ode ichi "Felitsa". Pfupiso refu chigadzirwa aigona akatsamwisa zvepamusoro. Zvino Empress aigona sei kubata tsananguro chinosetsa hwake? The zvakawanda saka nokuti anotaura pamusoro dzinokosha. Zvisinei, ode rakabudiswa uye vakauya misodzi Manzwiro ose Empress. Aiziva waiva munyori wayo, uye nenzira dzose nayo akakuitira. Vadzidzi mazuva ano mubereko haakonzeri ode "Felitsa". Pfupiso yebhuku ivo verenga nezvokudiwa uye achipanga.

kutanga

Ndima gumi dzokutanga inotiudzei sei muchindakadzi, kufanana vamwari, akaratidza nzira nhapwa muchinda kuiisa chlorine - nzira kunzvimbo inokura ruva pasina neminzwa. vakasimuka Uyu ndiye aifanira kubvisa nezvouranda. A rozi ari kuwedzera pane refu, apo yokugara simba. ngano iyi muchinda uye mwanasikana Khan Felice akanyora, sezvo yave vakati, Empress. zvekuti ode "Felitsa", pfupiso zvinosanganisira II okushanda kududzirwa Catherine, kare vaisagona kumeso kuti Empress. Wechipiri ndima gumi vari kukumbira kubatsirwa Felitsa kudzidza kurarama zvakarurama nokuti munyori pachake simba uye haagoni kukunda muupenyu nokuchiva.

"Simplicity" Empress

Munyaya inotevera gumi ndima Derzhavin pave nemufananidzo heroine wakakwana, vakarondedzera kwaari maitiro uye tsika; kuda chime anofamba, nyore chikafu, kuverenga uye kunyora, munhu akayera zuva nezuva. izvi zvose hazvina kusiyana vomunguva yake. Portrait No tsananguro iripo (zvichireva "Felitsa" ode). Derzhavin pfupiso zvinoratidza pfungwa democratic mambo, nyore, ushamwari.

Ndyaringo uye Satire

nyanduri utsanzi kwakadaro otaura ode, apo madiro kare vakadai Genre ichi haabvumiri. Iye anosiyanisa akanaka Felicia nemakapoteredza. Mudetembi akanyora mubhuku rokutanga munhu, asi ari kureva Prince Potemkin, uyo anotungamirira chinonyengera mudare, uye vachirwa, pachake mutongi, akafanana Sultan. Kuenda hondo, uye akarwisa chaizvo uye kazhinji zvinobudirira, anopedza mazuva ake pamitambo apo Gourmet chikafu chisingazivi kuverenga, akashanda ari mundiro goridhe. Kana anokwira mune yendarama ngoro, achiperekedzwa shamwari, imbwa, nerunako.

Musakanganwa muvambi A. G. Orlova (ode "Felitsa"). Derzhavin (Muchidimbu, tinofunga) anotaura nezvorudo rwake mujaho. Makondo pamusoro panhengo akatunhidzwa thoroughbred trotters. Mabhiza avo anoshamisa Count suit akasvetuka. Derzhavin anoyeuka unokwezva favorite Orlov achipembera chibhakera kurwa. Nenzira iyi vakafara mweya wake.

Mukuwedzera, nyanduri anotaura P. I. Panina, uyo akabatsira Empress ari kubvuta masimba. Panin aida kuvhima imbwa uye nguva yakawanda wakayeriswa kwairi, achikanganwa poushe. It haasiyi Derzhavin sezvo zvakawanda Jinda sezvo Naryshkin, uyo aifarira usiku uye nei usiku isingazivikanwi, kuchovha ichitevedza Neva River, achiperekedzwa zvakazara kwaya musicians vaine zviridzwa horny. About rugare uye norunyararo muguta guru aigona chete vanorota kungoti murume munzira, riri zvakaoma kuwana zvokudya zvake. Zvakanaka, sei asina kunyemwerera murunyararo varaidzo gavhuna mukuru Viazemsky? Akaverenga kupembedza nguva yavo zvakachipa dzakakurumbira enganonyorwa uye akarara pamusoro Bhaibheri.

mudetembi chibhende uye pachake, kusanganisira pachake yakafanana yakamanikana denderedzwa kwevasanangurwa. In ichi chibhende nzira hapana akamboda kunyora. Ode "Felitsa" (Derzhavin), pfupiso iyo akapfuura pano, aiva yokupayona basa. Apo Derzhavin akapomerwa kusekwa, izvo nanhasi sokuti akanaka chisingakuvadzi, mudetembi akanongedza panzvimbo zvaanorondedzera zvikanganiso zvake, zvakadai kudzinganisana njiva iri dudzi, kana chete kutamba makadhi ari benzi. Vanhu, maererano mudetembi, uye kodzero yakafanana, dzose nguva regai vanowanzotevedzera wokuita zvakakomba zviitiko. Zvakakosha chete kwete kuti vazotsvaga kurota chinhu, kwete kutungamirira upenyu youmbozha uye simbe uye murege kugununu'una kana vachida mari pamusoro mamiriro ezvinhu. Uye ava nomukurumbira uye Potemkin, Prince Vyazemsky, iyo Catherine II akarondedzera ngano yake pamusoro Tsarevich kuiisa chlorine pasi mazita Lentyag uye nyenaira.

mabhuku anecdote

Asi nyanduri asina mhosva pakati Empress, iyo akapoteredzwa nevanhu vane utera hwevanhu. Pashure pezvose, matarenda avo basa kubudirira roumambo kukuru. Anoratidza Kuongorora munhetembo Derzhavin "Felitsa". The Portraits ose courtiers vakashandisa vanokudzwa negashiro mabhuku anecdote. Mumazuva iwayo, pasi anecdote kunzwisisa nyaya chaiyo pamusoro chaiye, asi artistically zvakaipa, izvo ane didactic kana satirical matauriro. Zvechokwadi, mune ndangariro zvizvarwa vaiva reveler, duelist, uye vanoramba nevakadzi munhu kufarira kuti Catherine II, Alexei Orlov, akangwara Panin, sybarite, asi anokunda murwi Potemkin. Rinotsanangura zvishoma nezvishoma kurega pakati navavaki ari muchimiro, yakatanga panguva yaitonga Catherine II kwakaitika pasi pokudzora ropa yechimurenga France. Navavaki vari ataurwa kumavambo ode. Asi uchitikurudzira Derzhavina ndyaringo haana kupfeka pathos, kumupomera hunhu, yakanga munyoro, ndingadaro tamba.

How kusika mufananidzo Catherine

Kuburikidza zvakaedza Clever Girl Felice, iyo inobatsira muchinda kuiisa chlorine, Derzhavin anosika mufananidzo mutongi akanaka. Apo munhuwo murume anoudza Derzhavin, akachinya, anoenda mushure kuchiva, mumwe mwanasikana wamambo anokwanisa kufukidza uchenjeri hwavo vose. Iye anotaura pakusikwa enyika munyika, zvakazoita mukuru kudzora kwavo hurongwa. Anokoshesa Catherine II, iyo haina kunyadzisa vanhu, kwete kuti kudzvinyirira uye kuparadza, somwana mhumhi, uye bofu ziso zvikanganiso zvavo. Catherine II - akazodzwa naMwari, asi kwete naMwari; uye naizvozvo achiita. Vanhu pamusoro wenharaunda yaitongwa Mwari pane namambo. Saka anoti kuongorora zviri munhetembo Derzhavin "Felitsa". Empress kuteerera mutemo uyu, nokuti - ive vakambovhenekerwa mambo. Uye, zvakadaro, Derzhavin akasarudza kupa kuputsika chaizvo Council Empress: kupatsanura hurumende kupinda mumatunhu, bata kwavari mitemo kuti hapana kusawirirana haana. Uyezve, iye yakanaka rinoenzanisa nacho mukuru nounyanzvi, kutungamirira chikepe kuburikidza gungwa dzezvinetso.

Tara nomwero uye rupo muchimiro Catherine

It chose ndima dzakawanda, asi chinonyanya kukosha, kuti akaramba "Uchenjeri" nemazita, "Mukuru", "Amai nyika", iye akapa vakuru. Hongu, nomwero kwakanga kwenhema, asi akatarisa zvakanaka. Kana kuverenga nokungwarira, kwete chete kuva ode, asi vanotiwo pamusoro payo, Zvakawanikwa izvi zvinorevei ongororo ode "Felitsa" Derzhavina G. R.

Idealization pamusoro Catherine mufananidzo

In chikamu ode mufananidzo aiva nyore tsika avhareji munhu wokutanga akafadzwawo pedyo nyanduri. Next Derzhavin anomurumbidza ave akachenjera yokutungamirira. Uyu mufananidzo ane avhenekerwa changamire, tichienzanisa vanamambokadzi aitonga pamberi paro, kazhinji zvikuru vasingazivi uye utsinye. Negore rechitatu uye chikamu chokupedzisira, akasika mufananidzo ichikwira yakakwirira pamusoro nyaya yake muzivi uyo zvikuru kufungisisa pamusoro njodzi ehurumende uye rudzi. Izvi zvose nevatambi G. R. Derzhavina ari ode "Felitsa". Felitsa - mhenyu mwarikadzi panyika, iyo kunosimbiswa chokupedzisira stanza. Vazere rumbidzo, uye hazvishamisi kuti Empress akanga achiverenga rondedzero iyi misodzi.

Oriental motifs ari ode

Zvakavakwa pakutanga kusvikira pakuguma ode "Felitsa" kumabvazuva rungano, rakanyorwa chaizvo mambo, Derzhavin akapa Oriental munuhwi wake. Rine Lentyag, nyenaira, Mirza Khan, mwanasikana Khan vake, Princess kutanga. Izvi zvinoitawo kuti "munuhwi" anokosha, kana kujairika Russian prose kana nhetembo. Uyezve, nokuita chinhu nhetembo mambo, mudetembi akanyora ode mukurumbidzwa, uye panguva imwe chete ari satirical basa. Izvi zvinoita kunaka ode Gabriel Derzhavin "Felitsa". Ndiye mumwe wokutanga vadetembi akatanga kuwana pfuma itsva shoko mhenyu mabhuku, mumwe wevaya vane basa hakukodzeri kupinda yechinangwa dzidziso vatatu zvekunyanyisa.