Andrei Platonov, "gomba"; An Analysis. "Gomba" Platonov: nezvinetso chigadzirwa

Munyaya ino tichakurukura chigadzirwa, iyo pave Andrei Platonov, achabatwa ayo ongororo. "Gomba" Platonov akazvarwa namweya munyori muna 1929, mumatsutso, kana akazviratidza kudhindwa Stalin Nyaya inoti "Gore Great Change," umo iye nharo kudiwa collectivization, uye akazozivisa muna December kuti vomurova "tsamwisa pamusoro kulaks" uye kuhupedza somunhu kirasi. Pamwe chete, akati mumwe magamba basa iri kuti unofanira kukanda mumwe "ari brine pakati gutsaruzhinji." Mimba reropa danidziro akabudirira. Stalin mabasa apera.

pfungwa dzavo akaziva uye munyori, zvinopupurira kuti ongororo. "Gomba" Platonov akanambwa reinterpretation nhoroondo, Kururama nzira asarudzwa nyika yedu. Wana basa zvakadzama mumagariro nouzivi kugutsikana. Writer nokuenzanisa chokwadi zvakaita ongororo.

kutanga "gomba" Platonov ukama nyaya kutsanangura kusikwa basa.

History chokusika

Story, zvinoshamisa, rakanyorwa panguva vanoshingaira basa Stalin - kubva 1929 kusvika April 1930. Mumazuva iwayo, Andrey Platonovich Platonov vakashanda weDhipatimendi Land Reclamation muna dzakagadzirirwa yake, vanhu Commissariat of Agriculture, iri Voronezh mudunhu. Saka akanga, kana asiri zvakananga ubatanidzwe, kanenge ipapo ndichizvionera liquidation pamusoro kulaks uye collectivization. Sezvo emhizha, kupenda hunhu, Andrey Platonovich Platonov kupendwa njodzi vanhu uye zviitiko zvakaitika kubvira ikawira nyama mukuyi depersonalization uye munoenzanisa.

Themes pamabasa Andreya Platonovicha mu pfungwa mukuru kuvaka komiyunizimu haana kukodzera kuti ndisingakahadziki uye kufunga gamba nyaya yakanga pasi nezviremera zvikuru vakatsoropodza kuti akabata muchina. Iye akabata wake, hakusi kumeso kuti munyori wacho ongororo.

"Gomba" Platonov itange kubudiswa chete muna 1987, pasi Gorbachev, mu "World" magazini. Panguva iyi, Soviet Union vakavakazve zvakare.

Ndizvo nyaya iri pfupi, rakanyorwa Plato ( "gomba"), nyaya zvisikwa.

mharidzo zvinhu

Caressed nokuda Bolsheviks pakati yemunyori vomunguva - vanyori Kataev, Mazura, Sholokhov - mabasa ake akarumbidza nebudiriro gutsaruzhinji uye collectivization kuti kufananidzira zvakanaka divi. Poetics Platonov, kusiyana, tsanangudzo tariro mifananidzo udyire basa uye kuvakwa rakanga nomutorwa. Munyori haana kufadza chinzvimbo nhovo zvinangwa. I kuziva kwaari kupfuura zvose munhu wake basa munhau. Saka, zvibereko "gomba", uyewo mamwe zvisikwa Munyori uyu, zviri chairwo zvakadzama, unhurried kukura. Vakawanda Nhoroondo chaihwoihwo kunanga, sezvo munyori chinotaura pamusoro pfungwa uye manzwiro evanhu vake. Chete kubatsira gamba kunzwisisa zvimwewo zvinoitika pacharo, uye panguva imwecheteyo, uye chokufananidzira zviitiko rinotiudza Platonov.

"Gomba"; zviri mu pfupi

Typical zvarongwa nyaya nokuda kwemabasa kuti nguva inopedzerwa collectivization uye nemnogoslozhen. Hazvina cannibalization pamwe kuratidza chigaro bato kurovedzera uye vanhuwo zvavo kudzivirira yavo. Asi Platonov akakwanisa kupa zviitiko izvi zviri mashoko mafungiro murume, akabatwa nokusaziva mukatadza zviitiko, iyo inotiudza "The Mugomba".

Pfupiso yebhuku zvitsauko haisi nyaya ino. Takurukura muchidimbu tsanangura huru zviitiko basa. The gamba iyi, Voshchev mushure vanogumurwa kubva kufekitari nokuda aikurudzira, zvikanzwika DIGGERS avo akachera gomba proletariat kumba. Brigadier Chiklin agova nherera musikana ane mai vakanga vafa. Chiklin nevaunotamba navo mumitambo kugumisa kuti kulaks, akakonzera kubatana kwe vapinde igwa mugungwa pamwe nemhuri dzavo. Pashure paizvozvo, vanodzokera kuguta uye mberi nebasa ravo. Kugumisa nyaya "gomba," vomusikana rufu, izvo awana nzvimbo yaro yokupedzisira pamadziro mugomba.

Vavariro matatu basa Platonov raMwari

Plato akanyora kuti upenyu hwake airohwa nezvinhu zvitatu - rudo, mhepo, uye refu mugwagwa. motifs zvose izvi varipo vari chigadzirwa "gomba". Pfupiso yebhuku chitsauko nechitsauko, kana iwe anotaura nayo, zvinosimbisa kufunga kwedu. Asi zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vavariro iyi nenzira imwe pasi nemunyori yepakutanga. Zano iri yakanamatira mumugwagwa mufananidzo. Zvisinei Voshchev, Platonov kwakaita gamba, kunyange mumwe munhuwo zvake, asi kwete National mabhuku tsika nekuti, chokutanga, anotofanira kudzungaira nani vachidzungaira nokuti akanga adzingwa basa, uye chepiri chinangwa chawo - hapana kutsvaka uchinzvera, uye chokwadi, zvinoreva kuvapo. zvino Pose kana anotumira gamba, zvakare uye zvakare, kuti munyori anodzokera mugomba rake. Sokunge upenyu hwevanhu yakavharwa uye Rinodzika denderedzwa.

Zviitiko zvakawanda zvinoumba nyaya "gomba"; asi pakati pavo hakuna causal ukama. Heroes zvakafanana yodzoka yoenda mugomba, ndichitarisira kubuda mugomba iri. Mumwe aida kuenda kudzidza kuvaka ruzivo, vamwe vanotarisira kudzidzisazve, wechitatu aida kutamira gozvo midziyo veboka.

Nzira nokuwedzera basa Zvikamu

Platonov mu chigadzirwa sezvamunoita anoshandisa siyana Zvikamu hunowedzera nzira: pano panewo nebheya Anouraya-uye mumiriri izvo chinodzidzisa gwara mumaruwa vakadzi uye nezvibhakera izvo aonekana asati vakatumira gungwa pamusoro igwa mumwe nomumwe.

Vamwe Zvikamu, iyo anoudza chigadzirwa Platonov "gomba", sokuti chero zvachose uye unmotivated: pakarepo zvingaitwa pedyo kupota mifananidzo inokukurudzira kukwira kuduku vatambi, sezvaakanga dzatsakatika. Sezvo muenzaniso inogona kupfeka chete unokutakwairirai isingazivikanwi, izvo zvakazoita Chiklin hofisi kamwe kamwe. Kuzvimba neshungu murume akabvunza kuti mudzorere coffins kumorwa ndisa, izvo vaakawana mugomba, musha wake.

zvokufananidzira

Kurukurirano pakati vanhuwo zvavo uye vashandi akashamisika sei zvaigara vanotaura nezvorufu, vamwe mwoyo uye kuzvininipisa kugadzirira makuva pachavo vavo nevana. The kuvigwa bhokisi ichichinja kuita "toyi vana", mu "B", vakarega kuva chiratidzo kutya. Izvi zvokufananidzira chokwadi azara Chokwadi, nyaya yose "The Mugomba".

dimikira

Munyori basa kunze zvokufananidzira anoshandisawo romweni pakati nokupfuuridzirwa zviitiko kupenga. Nokuda kwaizvozvi uye kushandiswa aaimboita kwakaratidza zvakakwana munyaya "gomba," zvinetso basa. Vashayiwa hunhu uyo aigona, kufanana Judhasi, womuratidza mhuri akapfuma varimi, iye anosarudza kuti basa nebere. Uye kufunga kuti mhuka iyi ngano kumbova vane zvakaipa, tinogona kutaura pano miviri zvinofananidzira.

Zano anofamba Voshchev organically zvakanyatsobatana nevamwe - kuti akatadza kuvaka imwe akakura imba zvavo proletarian. Asi vashandi vatenda rokupedzisira kuti yomunharaunda proletariat gore achagara mairi. Chivako ichi Rinobatanidzwa ne Shongwe yeBhabheri, nokuti nokuda kwake guva vavaki, uyewo gomba dzimba proletarians kuva guva kuti vasikana, izvo, chokwadi, rakadzikwa.

Kunyange zvazvo pakutanga mabasa Pashkin anoti mufaro richiri "uya kare", zvinova pachena pakazopera nyaya, hapana tariro yokuwana yemberi zvinoreva upenyu, nokuti chipo yakavakirwa pamusoro vomusikana rufu, uye vakuru vane kutsungirira kwakadaro kushanda panguva mugomba, sezvo kana nokusingaperi vakaedza uchapukunyuka rakadzikadzika yake.

Zvinobikwa "gomba" pashure pokuverenga mashizha ari mweya rinorema emadhaka, asi panguva iyoyo vainzwa kuti Andrei Rakhmanov - humanist munyori uyo anotiudza pamusoro zvinosuwisa nyaya pamwe kuzvidemba, rudo uye kwakadzama tsitsi magamba, izvo kare utsinye uye kurerutsa muchina simba, mumwe kuedza kutsausa kuva vanoteerera executor avakaipa pfungwa.

Description vatambi nyaya

Platonov haripi tsananguro hwakadzama nechitarisiko vatambi, avo zvakadzama zvinorwisana maitiro. Iye, kufanana surrealist yokudhirowa, uyo anoshanda achibatsirwa ichipaza musoro Links pamusoro subconscious sandara, kwangopera kwokugeza mazino zvaimunetsa Portraits pazvinhu kurarama nonreal nyika isina mudzimba mashoko uye zvokunyaradza nepurani. Kwete, Somuenzaniso, hapana mashoko ari kuonekwa protagonist, Voshchev, akati chete kuti panguva nyaya makumi matatu. In rondedzero wakapiwa Pashkina munhu wechikuru, uyewo muviri hwakakungwa, kwete zvokuti kubva apfuura, zvakawanda mutoro "pasocial". Safonov aiva nechiso "tichishingaira-mafungiro" uye Chiklin aiva musoro wake, waiva, kubudikidza tsanangudzo, munyori, "ibwe duku", Kozlov - "Maziso nyoro" monotonous uye mikukutu chiso. Kwakadaro, munyaya "gomba" (Platonov) vatambi.

bhowa mufananidzo

Kuti tinzwisise basa mufananidzo rinokosha chaizvo ari musikana, uyo anogara Vacheri pakuvaka. Nastya ari mwana 1917 chimurenga. Amai vake aiva Bourgeois, kuti ndiye mumiririri boka usingachashandi. Kurambwa kare, sezvamunoziva, zvinoreva kurasikirwa tsika dzechinyakare, nhoroondo Links todzitsiva vabereki Pfungwa - Lenin uye Marx. Tikamuramba ake kare vanhu havakwanisi, maererano munyori, remangwana.

Bhowa vaonekwe nyika, nokuti mai kuti aponese mwanasikana wake, anofuridzira wake haana kutaura zvavo non-proletarian mavambo. It watopiwa wemusikana pfungwa anoparadzirwa muchina. Kwakatyisa muverengi, vachiziva kuti heroine ichi zano Safronov kuuraya vanhuwo zvavo nokuda chimurenga. With ani kutendeukira mwana, paanokwegura kumusoro, kana akaramba matoyi ari mubhokisi? The musikana pakupera nyaya anofa, uye pamwe ikafa nokuda Voshchev vose mumwe kushanda wokupedzisira Katariro. Runokunda nomutsa yokurwisana pakati kupikidura uye Nastia pakupedzisira. muviri wakafa vomusikana iri nheyo imba pasi kuvakwa.

Hero-muzivi

Aripo ari itsva hunhu, iyo inonzi muzivi musha-akura uyo anofunga nezvezvinoreva upenyu, edza kurarama maererano nehana, kutsvaka chokwadi. Ndiro huru zvibereko gamba. Ndiye mutauriri yemunyori nzvimbo. unhu Izvi Rinowanikwawo Platonov kuti yokufungidzira "gomba", zvakakomba akafungisisa uye kusava nechokwadi nokururama kwouchangamire kuitika. Haadi kufamba pamwe vakawanda mutsetse, vachiedza kuwana kwavo nzira yechokwadi. Asi haana kumuwana.

Zvinoreva zita nyaya "The Mugomba"

Kwokufananidzira wenyaya nyaya. Kwete chete ndiye gomba kuvakwa. Uyu chihombe guva gomba, unomedurirwa amene kuchera basa. Vazhinji pano uye kufa. Happy musha nokuti proletariat hakungagoni yakavakirwa muranda chokuita basa dzevanhu, uye kunyadziswa kuremekedzwa kwevanhu.

Kusava Netariro, izvo haana muchivande Platonov (nyaya "gomba" uye mamwe mabasa), ari bouncy gait wokuRussia mabhuku nguva uine mufananidzo bato nhengo, misangano uye kuzadzika urongwa Chokwadi, vasingagoni kufanira. Hazvisi kukwira paiva munyori uyu nguva; iye akanga ari mberi kwake.