GOZ "Obukhov fekitari", St. Petersburg

St. Petersburg iguta guru, iro nhoroondo inofamba munzira dzakawanda, huddles mumatsime, uye inofadza munhu wose anoitevera. Pano, saroni hurukuro dzakapindirana, kurira kwevanhu vanoita shanduko veproletarian crowd, kunyeveka kwekusungwa kusina kusununguka, nekuyeuka nekuda guta racho zvinopoteredza-zvinokurudzira, mumwe nomumwe. Iko mafekitari okutanga, akambovigwa kunze kwePetrova capital, nhasi ave chikamu chekuvakwa kwemaguta. GOZ "Plant Obukhov" inenge ichiverenga makore makumi maviri ezvakaitika kare uye pamuenzaniso wayo zvinokwanisika kutsvaga zvikamu zvekushanda kweRussia.

Kuvaka uye kutanga kwebhizimisi

Vakatangi vemiti yacho, Obukhov PM, Kudryavtsev S.G. naPutilov NI, musi waMay 4, muna 1863, vakapedzisa chibvumirano chechibvumirano nehurumende ye Maritime pakuvakwa kwebasa rekugadzirwa kwesimbi yakagadzirwa. Nzvimbo yegomba guru ramangwana rakaonekwa nemusha weAleksandrovskoye papepa reShlisselburgsky. Emperor Alexander II aiva nehanya nesangano iri uye akapa dzimwe nyika dzeAlexandrovskaya Manufactory. Zvinangwa zvekudyidzana kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu ndezvekugadzirwa kwezvombo zvitsva zvezvivakwa, kuvaka kwezvikepe nekuzvimirira kubva kune dzimwe nyika kutengeswa kwemaoko.

PM Obukhov ndiye muumbi wenzira itsva yekugadzirwa kwesimbi yakagadzirwa, yakanga yakarongedzerwa kushandiswa pane imwe nguva ichangobva kuvakwa yekuchengetedza zvigadzirwa, uye naizvozvo simiti yakatumidzwa mukukudzwa kwake. Mukuwedzera kune mukana wekugadzirisa muhutano hwehutoriki, hupfumi hwehurumende hwakakumbira kugadziriswa kweuto, izvo zvakazojeka mushure mekukundwa muCrimean purogiramu. Wakavaka ndokutanga hurumende nokukurumidzira, kutanga kunyauka kwakaitika musi waApril, 17th, 1864. Mambo Alexander II akanga aripo pamuti musi waApril 30 paakakanda bhandi resimbi kuti rive pfuti yeramangwana paundi masere.

Transitional period

Sangano revadzidzisi vemiti yacho rakanga risina huwandu hunokwana pakuvandudza kwebhizimisi, naizvozvo zvakasarudzwa kutora chikwereti chikuru mubhangi kutenga zvombo zvekunze. Mari yechikwereti yakatorwa pasi pehutano hwehurumende, Marine Ministry yakaita sa guarantor. Kudzora kushandiswa kwemari uye kubhadhara chikwereti, bhodhi uye nzvimbo yemukuru wemiti yacho yakasikwa, uye mukuru-leyantin AA Kolokoltsov akagadzwa kwairi.

Mukuwedzera kune zvombo zvehondo, fekitari yacho yakaona kugadzirwa kwemasikisi uye mavhiri ezvitima, zvakakosha zvokugadzira, zvigadzirwa zvekuvhara, zvokugadzira zvishandiso. Sirasi yakaendeswa kuEngland, kuGermany, kwaakatengwa nemufaro nekuda kwehupamhi hwepamusoro uye kudhura kunodarika pane kugadzirwa kwemunharaunda. Miti yacho yakabudirira kubhadhara zvikwereti uye yaifanira kudzokera kune oga.

Muhurumende hutongi

Izvo zvakanga zvisiri mune zvekuda hurumende kusiya basa rakakosha uye rinobatsira. Nechirevo chaAlexandro II miti yacho yakatumirwa kuhupfumi hwematongerwo enyika, zvikamu kubva kune vadzidzisi zvakadzikinurwa. Izvo zvakaitwa muna 1886, panguva ino zvivako zvinotevera zvakashanda pamuti:

• Sirasi yakakanda.
• Crucible.
• Dare resimbi yakagadzirwa.
• Hammer.
• Cannon-kugumisa.
• Forge.

Kuchengetedza michina yekugadzira, laboratori, chirongo chehuni uye gasi rinogadzirwa. Vashandi vaisanganisira vashandi vekugadzirwa kwei artel Zlatoust nemhizha yeUrals, avo vaishanda munhizha, zvombo zvekugadzira.

GOZ "Obukhov Plant" (St. Petersburg), iri muhurumende yega, yakanga ine rusununguko rwezvemabhizimisi, haina kubatsiridzira kubva parivigiro, uye yakagadzirwa nemari yayo. Vatungamiri vebasa racho nguva dzose vaibatanidzwa mukugadziriswa kwemiti, kutenga zvinhu zvitsva zvakagadzirwa kune dzimwe nyika, mabhizimisi ekushandiswa akawedzerwa, zvitsva zvaive zvakagadzirirwa. Nyanzvi dzinogara dzichienda kune dzimwe nzvimbo pamabhizimisi ekufambisa, dzichiziva hutsva hutsva hwehuni hwekunamata, kuzivikanwa nezvishamiso zvemashure, zvombo nemashandisi.

Kuti kuwedzere ruzivo, nzvimbo yekuedzwa yaidiwa. Nokuda kweheyo yaro muna 1898, pamhenderekedzo yakarurama yeNeva, nyika yakatengwa kubva kune Prince of Oldenburg PG Mumakore anotevera, kukwanisa kwemuti wacho kwakawedzera. Muna 1904, Alexander Steel uye Rail Plant yakabatanidzwa kuObukhov Plant, uye muna 1905 mahofisi emagetsi uye magetsi akaumbwa pabasa. Muna 1906, optical michina ye NEO yakakunda Gold Medal pa World Optical Exhibition (France, Bordeaux).

Nenzira itsva, yezana remakore rechi20, zvakava zvakajeka kuti mbeu yacho yakanga yava mumwe wevatungamiri veRussia industry. Nhamba yevashandi yaiva vanenge 4 000 vanhu, uye kare muna 1914 chiyero chakawedzera kusvika kune vashandi 10 266, kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti hupenyu hune hupenyu hwakakwana hwakawanda hwakaitwa. Kereke yakavakwa mukukudza kwemupositora Pauro, chikoro uye chikoro chevana vevashandi vakanga vachishanda, chipatara nekliniki yekunze yakapa mishonga yezvokurapa, raibhurari, "Consumer Society", nzvimbo dzekugara dzemhuri dzevashandi dzakavakwa.

Kubva muna 1867 kusvika muna 1908, Plant Obukhov, nemhaka yemhando yepamusoro uye yakagadzirisa michina, yakagamuchira zvinopfuura 10 mhemberero pamasangano ekuremekedzwa munyika dzakawanda uye emisha. Sechiratidzo chekufananidzira kwakatarisana mberi kwenzira dzenharaunda dzehurumende mukugovera mavhiri anofanirwa, mashizha nezvimwewo, muti wacho wakapiwa kodzero yekuisa mufananidzo wehurumende pamusoro pezvigadzirwa uye mabhodhi. Kubvira muna 1908 basa rakagamuchira kodzero yekuve nemureza wayo. Muna 1913, migumisiro yehafu yezana remabasa yakapfupiswa. Pakazosvika makore makumi mashanu chimiro chacho chakava chimwe chezvigadzirwa zvakakura muRussia, yakawana mbiri kune imwe nyika, yakabudirira kurwisana nekambani yeGermany Krupp uye neBritain company Armstrong.

Pashure pekuvandudzwa

Mushure mekunge 1917 uye kusvika muna 1920, basa racho rakange rakavhiringidzika, mamiriro acho akasimbiswa nekusvika kwemukuru mukuru Serov V.D. Mukubatana neHondo Yenyika, muna 1918, Plant Obukhov (St. Petersburg) yakagurwa kubva pamirairo, zvigadzirwa zvezvinhu zvakagadzirwa, vashandi vakaverengwa uye vakadzingwa (vanhu 12 000). Ichisarudzo chekudzokorora zvakare kwebasa rekugadzirwa kwematope emagetsi kwakagadzirwa pakupera kwa1918. Kubva pane zvakasikwa pakugadzirwa kwezvinhu, motokari yemagetsi yakaramba ichidiwa, kugadziriswa kwemotokari dzemotokari, motokari dzemagetsi, kugadzirwa kwezvitubu, kutakura kwaidiwa. Pamusoro pezvinangwa zvevanhu, maererano nemabasa, zvakarongwa kuita magomba, zvikamu zvekupura michina. 4,000 vashandi, injinjiniya, nyanzvi uye vashandi vakashandirwa kuita basa rehurumende rekushanda.

Ikokutanga magorota matrekita aisimudziridzwa maAmerica motokari yezita rokuti "Holt". Matatya matatu okutanga akatumirwa mberi kuti atakure zvombo zvinorema muna 1919. Mushure meHondo yeVanhu, mhizha yePetrograd yakatanga kumutsidzira. Muna 1921, imwe yezvivako zvakakura zvakasviba (5000 tani) yakatumirwa pamuti, shanduko yekuvaka terekta yakagamuchira mhepo yechipiri. GoZ Obukhov Plant ibhizimisi rakatanga kutungidzirwa kwemasitoro.

Muna 1922, muti wacho wakatumidzwa zita rokuti Petrograd State Steel Plant "Bolshevik" (zita rekare rakadzorerwa muna 1992). Mugore rimwechete iyo basa rakaiswa muhurumende. Mutemo wekugadzirwa kwenjini. Zvinhu zvokutanga zvakagadzirwa naNovember 7, 1923, uye muna 1925 ndege neenjini dzeBolshevik plant dzakasvika kuMoscow-Beijing-Tokyo.

Mumakore akatevera, sangano racho rakabudisa michina mukuda kwekuvakwa kwezvivako zvemaindasitiri (Magnitogorsk, Kuznetsk Combines), Moscow Metro, Volkhov Power Plant nezvimwe zvakawanda. Kunyanya kuzvikudza ndiko kugadzirwa kwe "Hammer uye Sickle" chiratidzo chekutanga chekupedzisira kweKremlin nyeredzi uye zvigadzirwa zvesimbi zve nyenyeri dzeKremlin.

Muna 1927 sangano rakatanga kubudisa serial tanks MC-1 (T-18), gare gare boka rakabva rava sangano rakasiyana (Voroshilov tank plant, zvino Zvezda OJSC). Sangano reGoZ "Obukhov Plant" rakagadzira zvombo zvekushandisa zvakakura. Iyo yakanyanya kufambiswa mberi kwehondo yekubudirira kwebhizimisi yakawanikwa munguva yeChituro cheUstinov DF, kubva muna 1938 kusvika muna 1941.

The Great Patriotic War

Hondo uye kubviswa kweLeningrad kwakatanga nokukurumidza zvakaderedza nhamba yevashandi vechimiro cheObukhov, asi basa racho rakaenderera mberi kubudisa zvinhu zvaidiwa kumberi. Mamwe masangano maiva nemagetsi, basa rakaenderera mberi mumasangano akaenderera mberi kune nyaya yeuto rehondo. Munguva yehondo muti wacho wakaisa mberi:

• Akashongedzwa uye akakwira-kuputika mabhomba (makumi maviri emakiromita masere).
• Tsanangudzo ye missile system "Katyusha" (90 000).
• Tsanangudzo yemushonga wepfuti "Maxim" (11 000).
• Mines (125 000).
• Matombo matsva mabhetri, akafanirwa nechitima. Platform (30 zvimedu).
• Iko kushandiswa kwemashure kwehuni-anti-tank yakaiswa.

Sapper uye mathizha ekugadzira, zvigadziro zvemunhu oga zvevatyairi vepuritori, sapper sledges akabudiswawo. Panguva yemakore ehondo hondo yakarasikirwa nevashandi vanopfuura 4 000, vamwe vavo vakafa nenzara, vamwe-mberi. Basa reHerosi revashandi vemiri raifanirwa Mutemo weBlack Banner.

CHIKAMU CHENGUVA

Kuparara kwemuti weObukhov munguva yehondo kwakafungidzirwa pamabhiriyoni makumi matanhatu emabhule. Basa rekudzorera rakatanga muna 1943, mauto makuru akasiyiwa kugadziriswa kwezvivhenekera zvevhu. Kubva muna 1945 basa rakatanga kuvakazve. Hondo yekutanga yehondo mushure mehondo yekugadzirwa kwemari yekurima yakagamuchirwa .

Yakazara yekugadzirwa kwepurogiramu yakadzorerwa nekuguma kwe1948. Chiyeuchidzo chakashanda uye nguva ino - vatungamiri vakaramba kubva kune hurumende yaibatsira, basa racho rakanyatsogadzira kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakadzingwa. Yakava mafuta akapararira kwekemikemikari, chikwata chepasi penzira, chiyero chekugadzirwa kwemaurimi emagetsi akawedzera, mitemo yakazara yakazadzikiswa. Muna 1957, zvivako zvose zvakasununguka zvakashandurwa, izvo zvakawedzera nhamba yezvakagadzirwa uye zvakachengetedza basa revashandi vekugadzira.

Muma1980, mabasa makuru emu Plant Obukhov aiva:

• Kusunungurwa kwesimbi yemakero akasiyana.
• Kushanda kwesimbi uye zvisiri zvesirivha.
• Shandisi yakakura-yakakura.
• Tsanangudzo yezvinhu zvenyukireya.
• Mapumpu okugadzira mafuta.
• Mashoko ezvikepe (Navy nehurumende).
• Tsanangudzo yekutumira nzvimbo.
• Ground midziyo yekambani yemauto.
• Zvinhu zvevatengesi (mairi).
• Mashini ezvekurima.

Muzana remakore rechi21

Muna 2002, basa racho rakava chikamu cheAlmaz-Antey kuzvidzivirira, uye muna 2003 simiti yakashandura fomu yavo yega, kupa zvikamu, uye yakanzi OAO GOK Obukhov Plant (St. Petersburg). Muna 2004, nechisarudzo cheMutungamiri weRussian Federation, kambani yakapinda muurongwa hwezvigadzirwa zvemabhizimisi muRussia. Miti yacho inobereka michina yemagariro ehurumende, mashizha uye zvehondo.

Vakuru vatengi ndivo Vehutano hweKwidzivirira, masangano ekuchengetedza mitemo. Miti yacho inopa michina kune dzimwe nyika, dzakadai seChina, Vietnam, Egypt nevamwe. Parizvino, nzvimbo dzezvitoro dzinovandudza, nekuisa zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano, kuunza magetsi matsva. Basa guru reOJSC Obukhov Plant (St. Petersburg) kwemakore anotevera richava kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakakwirira zvekugadzirwa kwezvinhu, kushandiswa kwekombiki yepamusoro, kushandiswa kwemauto nevakuru vevanhu.

Mechanical engineering

Mechanical engineering inguyo inotungamira mubasa remuti uye inoshandiswa mune imwe nhengo yedzimba. Basa racho rinopiwa nedhipatimendi rekutengesa, kugadziridza nguva dzose kwezvinhu uye zvombo zvekugadzira zvinoitwa, dhipatimendi rekugadzira rakagadzirwa nemiganhu yemazuva ano uye inotora nzvimbo dzakakosha, vashandi uye vashandi veITR ndivo vanoshanda zvakakodzera.

Joint Stock Company GOZ Obukhov Plant pamusana pemashandisi emashini anobvuma yakawanda mazita ezvigadzirwa:

• Vashandi vezvombo zvehondo.
• Missile defense equipment.
• Ship kutanga rocket launchers yezvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana.
• Nzira dzeAmori dzekuendesa motokari Energia, nzvimbo inopfigira Buran, mitsara yeplancontistental ballistic.
• Zvishandiso zvekuchengetedza magetsi emagetsi enyukireya.
• Machine ekufambisa uye kutakura kwemhepo kudzivirira.
• Devices for space monitoring system.
• Machines for wood and stone processing.
• Zvinhu zvevatengi, simulators.
• Zvishandiso zvemitambo, g. Etc. tunnels nezvimwe zvakawanda.

Shanduro yehofisi

Dare rekugadzira dhiyabhorosi rakakodzera kugamuchira zvetsika dzakagadzirirwa nevatangi vemiti muna 1865. Kubvira muna 1948 OKB inzvimbo yakasiyana yedzimba yebhizimisi. Ingano yakakwirira yepamusoro-soro yekusimudzira, kwemakore ose ehupo hwekushanda, yakashandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemasoja uye zvigadzirwa zvevanhu:

• Kugadziriswa kwematakata ematope.
• Kufambiswa kwezvikwata zve ndege.
• Minnoye, zvombo zvehondo zveNavy neuto.
• Tank T-26, flamethrower tank, self-propelled artillery system.
• Anti-missile equipment uye zvigadziriro.
• Kutanga rocket launchers.
• Civil, industrial and commercial equipment.

Ongororo

Vanenge zviuru 5 vashandi vanoshanda paObukhov Plant. Mhinduro yakasiyiwa nevashandi inoratidza kuongorora kweimwe nzvimbo yekugadzira kwavanofanira kushanda. Mhinduro dzakanaka dzinoreva mubhadharo wakagadzikana, huwandu hwemagariro evanhu, hutano hwakanaka hwekushanda, hupi nehutonga nemashonga.

Vashandi vazhinji vakafarira boka racho, umo mazuva ekushanda akapfuura, mukana wekutsinhanisa zviitiko uye ruzivo. Zvinonzwisisika kuti zvose zvitoro zvave zvagadziriswa, zvakatsamwirwa munguva yechando uye kuputika mukati mezhizha. Kune vazhinji, hurumende yekuvanzika mubasa iri yakashamisa. Buda uye enda kumudziviriro Obukhov wekupinda GOZ JSC inogona kungoitwa nomugumo wezita, uye mumazuva ezuva rekushanda inotarisa mavhidhiyo.

Kuongororwa kwakashata kwakaitwa kubhadharo yehurumende, maererano nezvimwe zvikwereti zvinokweretwa kwebasa remaawa akawanda, zvichibuda kubasa pamazororo nekupera kwevhiki. Izvi zvinokonzera chisina kunaka - munhu wose anogara achiita kubasa, asi hapana chinangwa kubva panguva yakadaro, uye mabhonasi anopiwa kusina maturo kugere kushanda. Vose vashandi, pasina ruzivo, vanoona kuti nhoroondo yekubhadhara zvipikirwa zvebhadharo yakakura, kukwidzika kwebasa, mabhonasi makuru haasi kururamiswa.

Mhinduro ndeipi uye yakanaka. Pachinyatsoongorora, zvinova pachena kuti kushanda mune mamwe mabhizimisi hakuiti kuti munhu anyarare pamusoro peimwe chikamu chebhadharo kana maererano nemamiriro ezvinhu. Muwandu wemari uye mimwe mitero inowanikwawo zvikuru kuburikidza nekwanisi, unyanzvi hwehutengi hwemushandi anenge achitsvaga mukana wekugara muObukhov Plant.

Address

The kambani iri kuSt Petersburg, pamusoro nzira Obukhov kuzvidzivirira mamiriro 120. Kana fekitari iri miziyamu, apo Exhibits, achiudza nezvenhoroondo kambani, akaunganidza muunganidzwa mishonga uye uto midziyo, akapa nhoroondo dzeupenyu hunonyanya vashandi eungano.