General Pedagogy - chii ichi? Mabasa ose vakawanda pedagogy

Discipline pamusoro mitemo dzidzo womunhu, iro riri kukura kuburikidza nokudzidziswa uye rokudzidzisa kwacho nemasangano dzidzo mhando dzose - talk pedagogy. dzidzo ichi chinobatsira kuwana zivo sayenzi inokosha munzanga, zvakasikwa, munhu. Kuburikidza pedagogy sezvo kurangwa kuumbwa nemaonero uye kukudziridza tichikwanisa ruzivo, zvinova mapatani zvakajeka dzinotsanagura kwenyika, vawana unyanzvi sezvo basa uye kurovedzwa, izvo zvinodiwa nomumwe. General pedagogy - ndiko chikonzero chikuru nokuda kutenga zvakasiyana siyana unyanzvi hunobatsira. Zviri yokungotaura nyika sayenzi pedagogical, izvo rinoongorora pedagogical ruzivo, mashandiro uye nzira, dzidziso uye tsika. Uyezve, nzvimbo pakati mamwe sayenzi rinofukidza talk pedagogy. Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru kuti makosi akawanda anotanga nemashoko nyaya. Chokutanga, kuti kutsanangura basa, kukosha uye pamwe nevamwe sayenzi vanofanira kusiyanisa yokungotaura ndikarangarira pedagogy.

Sections uye mumatunhu

Nyaya vakawanda pedagogy rakakamurwa mikuru muzvikamu zvina, chimwe nechimwe ava yakazvimirira bazi zivo.

1. General zvigadziko.
2. Kudzidza dzidziso (didactics).
3. Dzidziso dzidzo.
4. School kutarisira.

Chikamu chimwe nechimwe anogona kuonekwa pa maviri mumatunhu - yokungotaura uye akashandisa. General pedagogy - ndiko, kupfuura zvose, ruzivo rwesayenzi, iyo inobva systematization uye kupatsanura pakati anodiwa chokwadi uye tsanangudzo chinangwa ukama hwakagadzwa pakati pavo. Sechipanji ruzivo rutsva chinonyanya nyore inopiwa kushandiswa kare vawana ruzivo kuti inotengwa kwete chete mukirasi pedagogy, asiwo zvakasiyana-siyana nezvimwewo. General nheyo pedagogy kuzozivisa mudzidzi chinoumba nesayenzi, izvo zvinokosha kuziva Links uye mapatani, ndicho chinodiwa kuti systematization chokwadi anoda kuongororwa. Sezvineiwo zvakawedzera padanho erudition, kana munhu anotora nhaka pfungwa wegadziriro. Kureva, ruzivo izvi uye unyanzvi uye muedzo mukuru yemibvunzo dzidzo.

Part chirango ichi kwayo yokungotaura zvinoriumba - didactics, pachena muenzaniso kuitwa mashoko, kureva dzidziso vakawanda pedagogy. Uye ruzha kurondedzerwa nazvo, uye mamiriro mumwe Chokwadi, zvinoita uye anovandudza musangano mhando uye nzira kudzidza yose muitiro. Dzidziso dzidzo - of vakawanda pedagogy, kudzidza dzinotsanagura unhu kukura, paumbwe zvavanodavira, ongororo uye maonero dzidzo mumwe nomumwe uye interpersonal ukama. Dzidziso dzidzo ine nzira kushanda nevanhu zvedzidzo mano akasiyana, nesarudzo anokuzviratidza, unhu husina, mafungiro nezvido. Education anouya nhanhatu idzi: mumuviri, basa, aesthetic, mutsika, pamutemo uye pfungwa.

Age pedagogy

General uye nyanzvi pedagogy yakasiyana mumwe, kuti mukuru zvakadini, zvinoenderana zera racho. Rinoreva nokudzidziswa kwounyanzvi mune dzidzo nenyanzvi: kudzidzisa kunogona kuva maindasitiri, yekosi, dzidzo uye yechipiri kushandiswa kusekondari pamwe runoenzanirana zita bazi rimwe nerimwe. Next, uye bazi rimwe nerimwe rine "mashizha", kuti iri pedagogical ruzivo rakakamurwa vakaparadzana zvinoriumba, izvo kunotsamira kushandisa indasitiri. Nokudaro vakauya nemauto pedagogy, injiniya, zvokurapa uye zvichingodaro. Kazhinji, mukuru uye yekosi pedagogy kuita zvakafanana basa. Just zera Zvidzidzo zvidzidzo chaizvo mukati nerimwe wakananga zera boka, kufukidza mazera ose kubva pakuzvarwa kusvikira zvizere vayaruka. The kukwanisa kwezvinhu zera pedagogy, maturusi unyanzvi, mapatani musangano kurovedza uye pezvakaitwa dzidzo mune nemasangano ose redzidzo - chero mhando.

• Kireshi pedagogy.
• General kuenda kukireshi pedagogy.
• Pedagogy pamusoro chesekondari.
• Pedagogy dzidzo yepamusorosoro.
• Androgogics (nokuti vakuru).
• Pedagogy of Age Third (vakwegura).

About chikoro Matambudziko pedagogy vanofanira kutaura mashomanana, nekuti vari kugadzirisa kushandisa nzira yakafanira kushandiswa mukudzidzisa vanhu vemazera ose. Pano tikadzidza siyana mienzaniso edzidzo - kwenzanga rinoti, idzodzo, achiratidza dzekuno pezvakaitwa dzadzidza uye dzakurira. We funga dzidzo zvakanaka matambudziko musangano dzadzidza kwacho, inoongorora basa wacho masangano rokudzidzisa, chinotaura pamusoro nzira uye kugutsikana utariri mabhizimisi chikoro pedyo kwokubatsira - kubva pasi kumusoro, kubva Kumutungamiriri kupfungwa kuna Ministry of Education. Mabasa ose vakawanda pedagogy kuuya kunyanya kubva zvinodiwa chemhando nenhanho utungamiri.

nyanzvi

Production pedagogy zvainanga kudzidzisa vanhu vanoshanda, orients kuti kukura kwounyanzvi, okusuma michina mitsva, kurovedza nenyanzvi. Izvi chaizvo chaizvo zviri zvinhu edzidzo yayo kugutsikana. The chete zvinogona kutaurwa pamusoro Kurovedza nemauto. Uyu dzidzo inokosha zvayo, kuti kudzidza zvinhu dzidzo muchiuto mumunda. Pano, zvakasiyana mapatani uye yokungotaura nheyo, nzira uye nezvimiro ari dzidzo uye kurovedzwa yevashandi vechiuto chero chinzvimbo. Chete kusvika uye kunoda yakananga uye uchitikurudzira mumagariro pedagogic. It inodzidza dzinotsanagura nokuzivikanwa inotungamirwa ari chaizvo enyika evanhu vake dziri kukoshesa zvarakasiya kubva ndozvakajairwa uye zvikonzero panowanikwa kwavo, uye yakatanga nzira resocialization pakati deviants. Social pedagogy iri muzvikamu zvitatu: mhuri, chokudzivirira uye mujeri (kuzodzosera vemhosva). Kubva ichi tinogona kuona kuti chinhu chikuru pedagogic kunogona akasiyana chaizvo, zvichienderana chaizvo kushanda ruzivo.

Defectology - correctional pedagogy kuti vanodzidza kurapa nezvemaitiro kukura nevanhu mumuviri kana pfungwa urema. Kune nzvimbo dzakawanda vakasiyana mukati nharaunda iyi, rinomirira mukuru pedagogy. History of Pedagogy uye Education anodana yokutanga chero nemapazi nzvimbo, zvedzidzo siyana uye nokugara basa. Naizvozvo defectology akavimbiswa kuroorwa kwete chete vadzidzi nokunzwa, chiono, uye pfungwa, asi chirwere nokutaura zvinetso, mupfungwa chakakanganisika, pamwe kufamba zvirwere uye autism. Kuwedzera mapazi aya anoshanda setsikawo uye yokungotaura vane - kuenzaniswa pedagogy, apo chinhu vakawanda pedagogy inodzidza dzinokura mifananidzo tsika uye dzidziso munzvimbo dzakasiyana uye nyika, National chaizvo, nhamba yacho nemiitiro, uchitsvaka siyana uye nzira dzekuno vapfume of hurongwa dzidzo nokushandiswa dzimwe ruzivo.

Mitemo regularities

Chero sainzi ine kwegadziriro mitemo uye mitemo yavo. Ko mutemo, kana musingadi kukurukura uye conditionality hwe- inodzokororwa uye kwakakura. Knowledge mutemo kunobatsira zvinoratidza kwete zvose ukama uye kukurukurirana, uye voga kuti zvakazara dzinoratidza chinonakidza pachayo. Mitemo vane chinangwa, sezvo chete chokwadi zviri mazviri. Mumwe evanhu subsystems - kudzidzisa, uye yenhengo dzayo saizvozvo kwakabatana ukama.

Naizvozvo, pane kudzidzisa mutemo ari muboka kana pfungwa. General pedagogy anobata rive chikamu inoratidza chinangwa, zvinokosha, zvakakodzera, zvakafanana uye akatsiga nekorasi Fani pasi zvimwe ezvinhu pedagogical, uyewo ukama pakati zvinoumba yose ino, iyo anoratidza nzira dzokuzvinzwira Kuziva, kuzvicheka-kukura uye kushanda yedzidzo zvawo. mumuitiro - kuratidzwa wemurairo, pane chikamu pfungwa "vachidzidzisa mutemo", nekuti rinoshandiswa kudzidza nomumwe zvemamiriro ezvinhu uye vamwe mapato yedzidzo muitiro.

misimboti

Misimboti vakawanda pedagogy inobva chete pachishandiswa mitemo uye regularities, tichiratidza Chiitiko zvakadaro, chii chinofanira Zvakanakisa kuva, uye mupe chirimwa nzira zvinokurudzirwa kuita kugadzirisa akakodzera pedagogical zvinangwa. Misimboti vanoshumira sezvo pamutemo zvinodiwa uye nzira vari kuvandudza kunyatsoshanda kuti mazano anoshanda. vanogona kuva chikuru chinzvimbo uye-gadziriro achiumba chikonzero kuti kukura yokungotaura pedagogy.

Principles mukudzidzisa nesayenzi rinoreva yakatarwa: prirodosoobraznost uye kulturosoobraznogo, hurongwa uye asingachinji, dambudziko uye optimality Kuwanikwa kurovedza uye vamwe vakawanda. Mhando Pedagogical, zvichiratidza huru mitemo urongwa, inobva padzidziso avaiita uye dzinoratidzwa nevakawanda nzira kugadzirisa matambudziko yedzidzo (matambudziko) - iri pedagogical dzemitemo. Mumwe nomumwe wavo chinozoiswa maererano nemimwe mitemo.

mitemo

Pamutemo zvinodiwa, mirau, uye chikumbiro kurumbidza nokuda Implementation pakati nheyo dzidzo uye kurovedzwa - munhu pedagogical mitemo. Somuenzaniso, nheyo affordability uye Accessibility kudzidza anofanira chinozoiswa tichibatsirwa mitemo yakadai: chizvidavirire uye chaiko nenhanho kugadzirira kukura vadzidzi, kushandisa pakudzidzisa zvinhu, kusanganisira maonero, kuti umutse kare akadzidza zvinhu pamwe zvitsva zvaidiwa zviyero kunzwisisa kwakaita zvinhu uye zvichingodaro.

Misimboti rinotsanangura nzira yokudzidzisa mabasa, uye mitemo - ayo nzira, ndiko, kutakura rinoshanda, vakashandisa ukoshi, sezvo dzakatangwa kuti agadzirise zvinetso chaizvo uye kuratidza munhu causal ukama, pane zvinonyatsorehwa muenzaniso edzidzo. Naizvozvo, pakudzidzisa dzinoshanda mabasa vanofanira inobva nyika yose mitemo nenheyo dzose kuvimbika uye coherence netumedu zvinhu. Kuti nzira yakadaro kunoda yose yakatarwa zvayo mitemo vakawanda pedagogy. Dzidzo inofanira ubudirire - ndiwo musimboti mukuru, izvo anoisa pamusoro munhu coherent kwegadziriro mitemo dzidzo uye nemirayiro.

mazwi

Shoko rinoreva sayenzi zviviri zvakasiyana, zvinoita sokuti "zvepfungwa edzidzo", apo shoko rokutanga - sayenzi nechigadziko, asi chikuru bazi zvepfungwa, yakagadzirirwa kudzidza regularities mubishi dzidzo uye kurovedza. General Psychology uye Pedagogy - yakarebesa chivara zvakasiyana zita hwokuranga ichi. A pedagogical zvepfungwa mupenyu uye anova somunhu aishanda sainzi kuvandudza dzidziso netsika, uchishandisa nebudiriro pamatavi zvose zvepfungwa.

izwi iri akazviratidza kwaro aripo chimiro haasi pakarepo. Border kuranga pakati zvepfungwa uye pedagogy tanga kutsvaka shoko uye akashevedza pedology, ari experimental pedagogy, uye chete rechitatu remakore rechimakumi maviri okutanga, tsika idzi dzave streamlined uye kusiyaniswa. Experimental pedagogy, panzira, ariko somunda kutsvakurudza pedagogical chokwadi uye zvepfungwa edzidzo rava munda zivo uye mupfungwa hwaro hunoshanda uye yokungotaura dzidzo.

Nyaya uye zvinhu

Sezvo zvepfungwa edzidzo inodzidza mitemo kukura mukurovedza dzidzo munhu, zvinonzi chokuita pamwe nemamwe anoranga: mumwe differential uye mwana zvepfungwa, psychophysiology uye, chokwadi, pamwe pedagogy - yokungotaura uye inoshanda. Asati mberi chinoumba kurangwa, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti chero davi sayenzi zvinosanganisira Dzidziso chinhu uye pasi. Yokupedzisira zvinoreva zvakafanana imwe Kunyanya nzvimbo chokwadi kuti akasarudza kudzidza sayenzi iyi. Kakawanda, chinhu vakanyorwa muzita. Chii chinhu vakawanda pedagogy? General Pedagogy Ichokwadi.

Asi nyaya nesayenzi - chimwe divi kana mativi akawanda kuti chinhu riri kudzidzwa, ndirwo kana vaya ruoko, kuti nyaya sayenzi kukurukurwa. Chii nyaya vakawanda pedagogy? Vakawanda vavo. Zvakanaka, somuenzaniso, pathologist. Kana pedagogy pamusoro chesekondari. Nyaya haaratidzi mativi ose chinhu, asi zvingasanganisira chokuti zvavo chinhu vasipo. Uye nekuti kukura chero sainzi hunosanganisira kukura nyaya yacho. Chero chinhu kunogona kuva nyaya kudzidza zvakasiyana-siyana sayenzi. Somuenzaniso, mumwe munhu. Zvinonzi kudzidzwa zvinenge zvose evanhu, physiology, anthropology, zvipenyu, uye mazita anopfuurira. Asi chivako ichi sainzi ose ari pasi - kuti iye ari kudzidza kupiwa chinhu.

Science Pedagogy

Aparadzane zvimwe hapana sainzi zvikamuka, zvimwechete zvinoitika pamwe rokudzidzisa bazi ruzivo kwevanhu. History of Education rinoti pakutanga pedagogical vafunga muhurukuro zvayo nzira kwouzivi. Pfungwa yokutanga pamusoro kurerwa uye dzidzo yave zvinoratidzwa nevanhu vechitendero, mabhuku uye zvemitemo ulozheniju kare. ruzivo Scientific rakawedzerwa, kwakaitika panguva Kusiyanisa sayenzi, pedagogy, zvakare, yakaumbwa somunhu yoga bazi. Zvino nguva disengagement intrascientific, pova muzvizhinji matavi wegadziriro iri pedagogical nesayenzi. Pashure paizvozvo, maererano nesayenzi sayenzi, munguva kwetunhu sayenzi. Asi tsanangudzo ndewokuti: kudzidzwa regularities nokubata vakuru evanhu chiitiko muduku uye tichishingaira chirongwa kugaya.

Its chinhu mukuru pedagogy anoona mananara chokwadi, zvikaita kuti pave uye paumbwe nomumwe zvahunoreva kosi yokutengesera mudzidzisi uye nzanga. Vachitungamirirwa Chiitiko chaicho pano rinoreva Somuenzaniso, dzidzo sezvo dzidzo uye kudzidzisa nezvido wacho uyewo vanhu uye hurumende. Nyaya yokudzidza pedagogy anoona zvose zvakafanana nemaune uye nokungwaririra akarongeka pedagogical muitiro. Pedagogy sezvo sainzi rinoongorora kwete chete hunhu asiwo mapatani, nemiitiro, maonero nenheyo kusimudzira dzidzo muitiro, zviri mubasa kukura dzidziso uye zvigadzirwa, kuvandudzika ari kugutsikana, kwezvisikwa chitsva musangano siyana, nzira uye unyanzvi pedagogical basa. Tsanangudzo yakadaro yacho uye chinhu anoratidza tsanangudzo kuti pedagogy - sayenzi kurovedza uye kudzidzisa vanhu. zvitarisirwa ayo ndiwo kuziva mapatani uye kutsvaka Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri nzira inotungamirwa, kurovedza uye dzidzo munhu.

Mabasa uye mabasa

Mabasa ane mbiri talk pedagogic: yokungotaura uye kwesayenzi, uye mumwe nomumwe wavo anogona chinozoiswa pa matatu nhanho. First - tsanangudzo kana tsananguro, chirwere uye fungidziro, wechipiri - the fungidziro Kushandurwa dzepanguva. Mabasa ose vakawanda pedagogy vakawanda zvikuru - mana.

• Ziva mapatani iri rokudzidzisa muitiro, dzidzo, kurovedza, utariri nedzidzo enyika.
• Dzidza nokupfupisa tsika uye ruzivo kudzidzisa.
• Pedagogical futurology (kushurudzira).
• Kushandisa zvabuda kuongorora tsika.

Kudzidzisa sainzi, somumwe, akaisa pacharo zvimwe mibvunzo pamusoro mabasa ayo. Kune vazhinji, asi chikuru - vatatu. Chinangwa marongero - chii uye chii kudzidzisa uye kudzidzisa? Zviri kurovedza uye dzidzo - chii kudzidzisa, kudzidzisa nenzira ipi? Nzira uye unyanzvi - sei kudzidzisa uye sei kurera? Izvi vazhinji nevamwe nyaya pedagogical nesayenzi vari gadziriswa ose zuva.

Basic Pfungwa (nezvipoka)

Kurerwa - chinangwa uye wokuchinja kuti kuunganidza zvinodiwa mboni zvemagariro ruzivo kuti paumbwe maitiro ake netsika kugamuchirwa munzanga.

Education - kunyanya vakarongeka uye akakwanisa zvinechinangwa pakubatsirana basa mudzidzisi uye mudzidzi, nechinangwa kuwana ruzivo, unyanzvi, mano uye nzira nokuziva, uye kukura unyanzvi uye kufarira kudzidza.

Education - mugumisiro muitiro kugona ezvinhu ruzivo, unyanzvi, mano, kuumba hwaro ichi maonero netsika unhu uye kukudziridza kwaniso dzekugadzira zvinhu.

Achigadzira - kufurirwa zvinhu zvizhinji - Pfungwa, ekonoomicheskih, magariro, zvepfungwa uye zvichingodaro - paumbwe munhu munzanga. Pano zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti dzidzo - kwete chete chinhu naro unhu aumbwa.

Development - Implementation zvivako zvevanhu, nechomukati yokusafa mairi, zvaisazogona nemano.

Socialization - kuzvidzora Kuziva panguva noupenyu kugara kuitwa uye kubereka kwemarongerwe evanhu tsika.

Educational basa - nyanzvi basa vadzidzisi, iyo inoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana kuti itibatsire Trust uye kudyidzana navo kugadzirisa zvinetso dzidzo, kudzidzira uye dzidzo.

Mudzidzisi kudyidzana - pfungwa uye achida kuonana mboni achinje maitiro, basa kana ukama.

Mune zvesayenzi, chokuita paumbwe uye kukura munhu, dzidzo iri kuonekwa anokosha, nokuti ichi zvose kwakaoma zvisingaiti pasina kudzidziswa uye dzidzo - ichi nemaune muitiro apo mudzidzisi uye mudzidzi kudyidzana nokuda kuchinjwa uye kuitwa evanhu ruzivo. Pedagogy kunobva kubudirira pakati vanenge vose sayenzi yevanhu, saka nokukurumidza yakatanga, vachigadzira nzira uye zvigadzirwa kuwana zvakanakisisa nzira paumbwe mboni unhu, dzidzo uye kurovedza.