General mitemo kushandisa pevhu

The nzvimbo yechizvarirwo idzva kwadzinoita kwaiwanzoitwa London. guta rino akatanga dzinokosha nemitemo kushandiswa. Metropolitan, izvo tinoona nhasi yakatanga kare wayo shure muna 1850.

Dambudziko pfungwa

In pakati XIX remakore muguta guru British paiva dambudziko kufamba kutakura. Pakazosvika nguva nhamba vagari yakasvika mamiriyoni maviri, uye pakanga anenge ezvinhu akaoma chokufambisa. Zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti nokukurumidza uye nyore nyore kuwana kushanda vanhu vaigara kunze kweguta uye ayo dzimwe nzvimbo dzakapoteredza.

Nepo njanji yakatanga zvikurukuru zvakanaka. At kurasa Londoners vaiva 6 nhepfenyuro kuti dziri munzvimbo kumucheto. Pakanga chimwe chiteshi ari pakati. Asi mari iyi haisi kukwana kuti vagare kufamba. njanji zhinji mumigwagwa guru airambidzwa kuvaka. Izvi zvinogona kukanganisa kare anokosha mapurani uye aesthetic chikumbiro. Izvi zvakaita kuti chokwadi kuti nemidungwe nengoro uye stagecoaches zvakakonzera kuzara rinonyanya dzakakurumbira dzine.

Ronga chokwadi

Dambudziko racho ragadziriswa muna 1863. Panguva iyoyo paiva pevhu. January 10 raparurwa mutsetse wokutanga. Its kureba 6 makiromita. Waiva budiriro mumunda chokufambisa - nyika itsva umo mitemo kushandiswa aivapo. Metropolitan rwakakurumidza dzakakurumbira chaizvo.

Engineer Marc Brunel muFrance shure muna 1818 tega imwe tunneling nhovo. Narwo yakagadzirwa tanera pasi rwizi rwaThames. Pfungwa nokugadzirwa uye yakatanga kutakurwa pachivande.

Kwenguva refu chivako chacho vambomira. Paivakwa pemitsara dzave akaputsa dzimba dzakawanda. Mumigwagwa, uko basa kwakaitika, vakadzivira motokari.

Basa akanzi kambani Metropolitan Railways, ane zita anoshandura se "mumaguta njanji". Iri ndiro zita zvino kushandisa munyika dzakawanda pasi pose kureva kwakadai zvifambiso. Zvinofadza kuti British pachavo vave ainzi Metro shoko "pachivande '. In kwezuva nezuva mashoko kakawanda vanoshandisa shoko rokuti "Tube", kureva kuti "mutopota".

London Underground zvakatanga zvechitima nomwe. Zvitima vakanga vatama locomotive traction. Kufefetedza aiva murombo ipapo. Naizvozvo, utsi kugara motokari, utsi rikazadza tunnels. Chad chakavanzwa chiedza rakachenuruka. Asi izvi hazvina kutadzisa vanoshanda kirasi kuenda kuchiteshi.

Akatambanudza pamusoro nyika

Kunyange zvakadaro, urongwa mhosva. Kwakadaro senga ngoro vakatamira nokukurumidza uye pasina kuwandisa kwemotokari mumigwagwa. Mugore rokutanga gore muchitima anenge zvifambiswe vanhu mamiriyoni 9,5. Uyezve, nhamba iyi ichiwedzera. Naizvozvo achinja nokushanda kwadzinoita, tikiti mitengo uye mukuru mitemo kushandisa pevhu.

Pfungwa London kushandisa dzimwe metropolises zhinji. Muna 1868, kuchiteshi wakazaruka New York. Next Chicago akatora pamusoro kutanga. Handisi kuwa shure uye Europe. Mushure guru British nzira chitima ichi vakaita muBudapest, Paris uye Berlin.

Nyore uye nokutsanya chokufambisa akazviratidza muna USSR muna 1935. The rukudzo kuzarura kuchiteshi wokutanga akawira Moscow. Next nzira pevhu rwakagadzirira muna Leningrad, Kiev uye maguta makuru gumi. Hurumende Soviet akapa mvumo yokuvaka chete idzodzo munzvimbo kuvakwa yaiva mutengo-kunobudirira. Kazhinji ndivo guta, nhamba vagari vanopfuura mamiriyoni 1.

Shoko "pevhu" sezvaari nomumwe munyori Bamba Gorky. Zita iri akaonekwa kakawanda muna mumwe mabasa ake. Simple uye nyore Metro kuchiva pakunzi vagari USSR. Akashandisa venguva yake.

The tsananguro

Kazhinji, chokufambisa iyi kushandisa mitemo chete. Met Kazhinji munhu pachivande mugero. Parameters uye miganhu munyika dzakasiyana zvakasiyana. The chikuru zviri ezvinhu ndiwo zvinhu zvinotevera: kushandiswa yemagetsi traction, yakatsiga chati nokukurumidza uye vakawanda vanhu. Oscillates uye mutsetse urefu. Somuenzaniso, muIsraeri rwakagadzirira nzira 2 km, apo muNew York City ndiro 1,300 makiromita.

Pasinei nokuti pevhu ndiyo chaizvoizvo zvikuru zvakafanana chitima, chinhu chakasiyana zvachose nzira yokufambisa, iyo ine mitemo yayo. Vazhinji vavo vane zvichinzwisisika uye nhoroondo dzinonakidza. Vazhinji zvinodiwa akanga afunga uye rakatangwa kumba tunnels - muLondon.

mitemo dzinokosha

Pane mwero mitemo kushandiswa. Met zvingava nengozi vanhu avo vasiri-abvume. Zvinonzi rambidzwa kuenda mhiri yeyero mutsetse. Hazvina asiri zvaidiwa nokutonga ichi, wakakodzera tsaona dzakawanda. Kazhinji kutyora ichi zvinoitika ndeimwewo kuti kuzviuraya. Edge papuratifomu, vachiapoteredza pamwe tsvuku pendi, zvinokwanisika kuyambuka chete kana chitima rinomira.

Kana mikova azaruka, zvakakodzera kutora vatakurwi akasvika, uye pashure paizvozvo angapinda motokari. The senga hakubvumidzwi aimanikidzwa anongoerekana. Zvakakodzera ringabviswa pamukova, kuti varege kukanganisa vamwe. Nokuda kuchengeteka kwako, unofanira kuomerera pane handrails.

Kumisa vanofanira kugadzirira pachine, pane mushure chiziviso. Zviri nani zvokurongedza uye vatamire nepakati zvishoma nezvishoma, uye kwete kuvhiringidzika.

The vakawanda maitiro

Terms kwemashandisirwo pevhu muMoscow, St. Petersburg uye mamwe maguta zvakafanana nguva dzose. The mufambi vanofanira kuzvibata nenzira tsika uye ushamwari. nzvimbo yake vanofanira kupa vanhu vakwegura, utano hakuvaki vanhu, vanaamai pamuviri uye vakadzi nevana. Chero breakdowns kana kujairika ezvinhu kuti kukuvadza upenyu vatakurwi, anofanira vakaudza mutyairi.

No vanofanira pave nemamiriro ezvinhu aigona kupindira vamwe kufamba zvakasununguka. Imwe pfungwa hakubvumidzwi pamusoro miti yemapurisa.

The motokari vanofanira kutevedza Kurongeka uye vazvibate nomutsa uye nenzira yakakodzera. Nokuti zvose pane zvakafanana mitemo kushandisa pevhu: Minsk, Moscow uye Kiev nyaya iyi. Vakatakurwa havabvumirwi kuonekwa vachingotya chidhakwa kana marwadzo kudhaka. Haukwanisi kunwa doro munharaunda kuchiteshi.

Zvakakodzera kuti kurinda uye vatarisire nechitarisiko chavo. In nguo uye nenhumbi, izvo zvinogona aizonyatsovachenesa vanhu rakatevera musuo uye mumba, haana kubvumirwa kupinda.

Pane kwazvo kurambidza kusvuta munzvimbo mabhazi. Saka rimwe vakava garo muna November 1987, mhosva huru dzinotambudza moto pane imwe pevhu nhepfenyuro muLondon. Aiti hupenyu vanhu 31.

makona

vamwe kurambidzwa saizi mukwende akasiyira kunyaradzwa vanoshandisa. mabhegi Large haazorambi chete kunokanganisa vamwe, asi kuva dambudziko kwamuri. Kunyange zvakadaro, dare rinogona kutakura mabhasikoro kuti peta. Free anogona kupinda aine pram uye muwiricheya.

Terms mashandisiro Metro St. Petersburg, Moscow, Samara nemamwe maguta kubvumira kuti kutakura dzinovaraidza kana vari dzakakodzera mumidziyo kana muhomwe. Ropafadzo uye muperekedzi imbwa, kana vachava munyaradze, leash uye rinokosha hunhu.

The Metro inogona kutakura zviridzwa, Skiing, Sled, ngoro, bindu maturusi rokuredza giya ari chiitiko kuti kukura kwavo havana kusapfuudza dzemunharaunda yakasimbiswa kuti chitima ichi. Pano, vatengi vanofanira kuziva kuti mukwende kwakadaro kunogona kukonzera kukuvara sezvo ivo pachavo uye nevavakidzani vavo.

Hwaro kunopindirana nyaradzo

Safety kufamba kuri zvikuru novimba vatakurwi pachavo. Siyanei kubva nezvinodiwa nenyika mudzimba. Kune yakasiyana mitemo kushandiswa Moscow pachivande (pevhu uye mamwe maguta). Zvinonzi rambidzwa kufamba pamusoro mugwagwa. Haugoni kuisa shure munzira kana kupotsera chimwe zvinhu. Vanogona kukuvadza kuti motokari.

Ko kupindira nedanho kuvhura nokuvhara mikova. Kana mufambi vakacherechedza izvi uye zvimwe zviito zvisiri pamutemo, iye achisungirwa kushuma kutyora kwokubatsira. Pasina kudikanwa musafunganya Guide.

Haugoni namatidza kukwira shambadzo pamasvingo ngoro. Kurambidzwa kutengeserana nedzimwe mabasa basa munharaunda pachivande pasina magwaro akakodzera.

Chenjerai kwete chete pamusoro nyaradzo wavo, asi rugare nevamwe. Regai kuteerera mumhanzi pasina pamahedhifoni. Kana iwe pamwe mikwende wako, ipapo muriise kuti haina kuvhiringidza kufamba vamwe. Hazvina zvakafanira kuisa bhegi pachigaro parutivi pake uye kupi kuwana mumwe munhu.

pasi pokudzora

Kutyora kodzero yakazobuda kushandisa pevhu ndiyo zvachose apara mhosva. Imwe neimwe mitemo zvavakatemerwa zvichiitirwa nechokwadi yakachengeteka vemunyika.

Clients havabvumirwi kupinda kwakavakirwa pachavo, izvo chinangwa chete netsvimbo. Uyewo panguva nomumwe nhepfenyuro kana kuchiteshi anogona kunyange kurambidzwa Video uye mifananidzo. Vanhu vanofanira kuyeuka kuti shure kwavo mukudhinda kuchengeteka zvinangwa zvinogona kuongororwa kumativi wachi, wovhura mumwe Camera yakavanzwa.

Uyewo, dzimwe nhepfenyuro hapana tsvina magaba. Ichi chinhu achida chiito kuti kunotadzisa nemagandanga mabasa. Kana ukaona hombodo kana bhokisi iri motokari kana pauriri ravarwi tevere muridzi asipo, ichi chinofanira vakaudza Vezvemitemo.

rudzi

Kazhinji, senga kwakadaro yakazaruka kubvira mangwanani kusvikira pakati pousiku. Pari zvino pane zvinokosha mitemo kushandiswa. Petersburg Metro inowanika kubva 5,45 kusvika 0,10, muguta guru, izvozvo anotakura vanhu kubva 6:00 am kusvikira mangwanani. In Samara, rinogumisa paawa yapfuura. Panguva dzemazororo, kuti uchishandisa muoti zvinogona kuchinjwa. mamiriro uku vashandi kushuma pachine.

Travel kunoitika uri kubhadhara hwaro. The anosiyiwa ndivo vanhu vane mamwe mabasa. For mabhegi makuru uye oversized mukwende vanofanira kubhadhara zvakawanda sezvo kwenguva yoga. Mumwe mutakurwi anobvumirwa kutora mamwe chigaro chimwe chete. The kadhi uye tikiti haabvumiri kutakura zvinhu pachena. Children pasi pemakore 7 zera vanogona kuchovha pasina tikiti.

Nokuti zvivanakire vatakurwi nhasi panguva yavo dziripo - rurege kuti motokari. Terms of Use Bike kupaka pa Metro nhepfenyuro vanofanira kuziva vatyairi.

bumbiro mufambiro

Pane zvimwe zvinhu ari kushandisa escalators. Umire kanivhasi vanofanira kutarisana yakananga bhandi pakufamba. Panguva zvekufambisa vanofanira kubatisisa handrail. Kana njanji yapera, unofanira kukurumidza kusvika papuratifomu, kuti varege kunokanganisa vanhu vari shure kwako.

Kana chekubuda vatengi guru danho riri escalator pamwe akati chikamu kutarisira. Anodei vainyatsotarisirwa vana vaduku. Panguva zvekufambisa, ruoko rwavo haruna zvakakodzera kuenda. Zviri nani kuti kuchengeta mwana mumaoko ake.

Mukwende kuti anoenda pedyo nemi, hazvifaniri kusiyiwa vasina akavatarisa. The bhegi hakufaniri musunungurwe. Zvakakodzera kumutsa kuguma penzira.

Hamungaendi zvinhu zvenyu kudzora. Kuchengetedzeka kwavo hakurevi kusangana kana Moscow kana St. Petersburg, kana Samara Metro. Terms kwemashandisirwo kucherechedza kuti zvinokosha zvinhu izvo iwe chokufambisa, vanofanira kuongorora pachako.

ndima ngozi

Kazhinji munzvimbo mhanya mbavha. Ndivo inattentive vanhu uye kuba kubva muhomwe mari uye dzeserura. Kazhinji mbavha nyerusa Mobile pakarepo mushure mbudo pamusoro pevhu. Ikoko vanoshanda nyore, nokuti hakuna richikurukura subways vakatakurwa kuti foni panongovira kuuya pamusoro. Saka, vanoratidza apo foni yakavanzwa.

motokari dzakawanda hadzina vakapakata mhepo kutonhodza, saka muzhizha kuchipisa. Kuti vapone kupisa nyore, vaitarira yakarumbidza kuunza mvura yakachena.

Sezvo nyika pachivande Matangi zvingava ndisipo, zvinokosha kuti tirambe takachena uye kwete kukanda marara patsoka dzake.

Kazhinji mashoko kushandiswa St. Petersburg Metro, mumaguta subways uye pevhu zvifambiso kune mamwe maguta ndiwo chete, uye akasiyana chete mashoko. Zvisinei, usati kupinda pevhu, zvakakodzera kamwe zvakare kuti nyatsoverenga chikuru mitemo yomufambiro panzvimbo ino.