FUEL: Mutengo wekushandisa. Nzira dzekutengesa mafuta uye mabhasiri emotokari

Mune kambani iyo motokari dzinobatanidzwa, nguva dzose dzinodiwa kufunga nezvekushandisa kwekushanda kwavo. Muchikamu chatichakurukura kuti mari inofanirwa kupihwa yehuni nemafuta (kana mafuta nemafuta). Mutengo wezvokudya unowanzotarirwa nenyanzvi anoziva mahuances ose.

Iyi nyaya yakawedzerwa zvakanyanya kukurumidza apo mitengo yemafuta yakawedzera nokukurumidza. Mabhizimisi akatanga kushandura mafomu matsva ekushandisa mafuta uye edza kutsvaga matanho ekudzora kuwedzera kwemafuta nemafuta, pamwe nekukwanisa kuzvideredza, nekuchengetedza kukwanisa kwekambani.

Basic Valuation

Kugovera mari ndeyekuenzanisa kwemari yemafuta akasiyana siyana nemafuta neavo vakanyorwa. Kune mhando mbiri dzekombiyuta iyi yekugadzira.

Ikutanga inobva pane ruzivo pamusoro pemafuta anoshandiswa mushure mezvo. Kana, kunyange zvakadaro, mitemo inokosha yekushandisa mafuta inotorwa , inosara ye petrol inofanira kusimbiswa zvakadzama.

Inyanzvi yechipiri inobva pamitemo iyo musoro webhizimisi yakabvumirwa, ichifunga nezvemuenzaniso wemotokari, chiyero chekufuka uye zvayo zvinoshanda. Pano zvakare inofanira kuonekwawo apo apo kunyora kunyoreswa kunoshandiswa kwemitengo yekubudiswa yakagadzwa neHurumende yekutakura.

Nzira yakanakisisa

Zvinonzwisisika, zvichange zviri nyore kushandisa mafuta ekushandiswa kwemitemo kuHurumende yekutakura. Asi makambani akawanda anosarudza kutaura ivo pachawo. Mune huwandu hwakawanda hwezviitiko, kusimbiswa kwemitemo yavo kunoshandiswa nemakambani, uko motokari dzakawanda dzinoshandiswa. Iri basa riri kure nemamwe akareruka, sezvaanoita sekutanga kuona.

Chokutanga, musoro unoratidza chirevo pamusoro pehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemafuta pamigwagwa yose iripo, uchifunga nezvemamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana.

Mushure mokunge zviyero zvinotorwa kune motokari inobatanidzwa, chiito chakakodzera chinoitwa.

Kubva pane izvi, urongwa hunobudiswa pamagetsi ekushandisa kwehuwandu mukati mekambani. Iyo data inopinda mumutemo wekutonga kwekushandiswa kwemafuta nemafuta.

Kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti hapana mibvunzo isingakoshi kune chikamu chezviremera zvemitero, zvakakosha kusimbisa kuti mitemo yakagadzirirwa mumitemo yekugadzirisa mabhuku inogamuchirwa maererano nemamiriro ekushanda chaiwo ekutakura uye mamiriro emotokari yakashandiswa. Detailed calculation uye kukanganisa kwezvinhu zvinokonzerwa nepetroleum pane zvebhizimisi zvakakwana kuita kuti zvikwata zvekuongorora zvinzwisise kuti izvi zvinodhura zvinokodzera. Mune dzimwe nzira, mitemo yakasarudzwa neHurumende yekutakura inogona kushandiswa mubasa sechikonzero.

Chii chinofungwa?

Nekunyora kubvisa mafuta mune imwe nyaya, muyero wekudhakwa unofanirwa kuve wakarurama mune zvehupfumi. Vatori vemitero vanoreva izvi kuti mari chaiye inofanira kuenderana nemitemo iyo inogamuchirwa mune imwe kambani. Izvi zvinoshanda zvikurukuru kune iyo masangano anoshanda pasi pekodzero yematareji.

Ministry of Transport

MuHurumende yekutakura, painenge ichivandudza mitemo, zvimwe zvikamu zvakatorwa munyaya yekushanda.

Saka, nguva yechando yemafuta inoshandiswa inobva ku5 kusvika ku20 muzana zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze.

Mumigwagwa muzvikomo kunofungidzirwa kuva kusvika kusvika ku20%, zvichienderana nekukwirira kwepamusoro pegungwa.

Panzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzine chirongwa chakakomba, kuwedzera kuwedzera kunogona kusvika kusvika 30%.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu eguta racho, kunewo mamiriro ezvinhu apo kushandiswa kunowedzera kusvika 25%.

Pazvinowanzomira kutakura zvinopiwa 10%.

Paunotakura zvinorema, zvakakura, zvinotyisa kana zvisingabatsiri, apo motokari inomanikidzwa kuenda kune imwe nguva, inopa kusvika 35% kudarika.

Apo mhepo inenge ichigadzirisa inoshanda kana "kutonga kwemamiriro ekunze" nzira inosvika kusvika pa7 kubva muzana.

Nokudaro kuti mafuta ekushandisa mahara emotokari akarongedzerwa zvizere, zvakakosha kupa zvinhu zvakasiyana siyana zvekushanda kwavo zvichienderana nemamiriro ekushanda chaiwo.

Zvirongwa

Nhasi, zvichida, kana uchiita chero bhizinesi chero ipi zvayo yebhizimusi, software neyakakodzera yakashandiswa. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kune iyo makambani anotsvaka kugadzirisa nzira nenzira yakadai yekuwana chigumisiro chakanaka nekusanyanya kushanda.

Saka, pavanenge vachishanda motokari, mafuta anogona kunyoresa mubhizimusi uchishandisa iyo inowanzoitwa Exel program. Zvisinei, kupa hurumende yakanakisisa, software yakadzama ichadiwa. Izvo zvinoshandiswa zvinobvumira kugadzirisa matanho ekugamuchira uye kushandiswa kwemafuta emotokari dzose inoshandiswa nekambani uye kutonga nepamusoro zvakakwana kutadza kwezvakakwana mari kubva kune izvo zvinosanganiswa muhuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehutori (Minisiteri yekutakura kana kuti yakagadzirirwa zvakananga nekambani).

Chii chaunofanira kuita nechokupfuura?

Kupa ruzivo kunounza zvikomborero chaiyo chete kana zviratidzo zvekare uye zvemangwana zvichienzaniswa. Panosimbisa chokwadi chechokwadi chekuwedzera kwemafuta, mamiriro acho ezvinhu anofanira kuongororwa zvakadzama. Chinangwa ndechokuziva zvikonzero zvakatungamirira kune chigumisiro ichi. Pachikonzero chavo, uye chisarudzo chinoitwa panyaya iyi.

Kubba kana chimwe chikonzero?

Kana uwandu hwehuwandu (huwandu hwehuwandu) hwakanyanya kudarika, izvi hazvirevi nguva dzose kubata. Dzimwe nguva, nekufungisisa kwakanyatsojeka, vashanduki vanouya pakugumisa kuti zvakakosha kuvandudza mitemo. Semuenzaniso, matori anoshandisa huwandu hwemafuta, zvichienderana nehutano hwekusanganisa nekushanda kwemamiriro.

Mukuwedzera, pane dzimwe nguva zvimwe kunze nekunze zvinhu zvinoda kuverengwa, semuenzaniso, zvisikwa zvomugwagwa unoshandiswa nezvimwe zvakawanda.

Kujekeswa kwechikonzero chacho

Kuti uende kumucheto wechikonzero, kutanga, zvakakosha kuti mutyairi anyore tsananguro apa kuti atongere kuwedzerwa kwemari. Zvichienderana nezvirevo zvakagadzirwa pachishandiswa rugwaro rwakapiwa, rinosarudzwa kuti rifunge nezvekushandisa mafuta uye mafuta emitengo zvakanyanya kudarika mutero wekubhadhara, kana zviri nani kunyora mari zvinoshandiswa pamutengo wemari yekambani yacho. Kana mari isinganyengeri ichiratidzwa, saka, zvakasikwa, yakanyorwa zvakananga kubva kumutyairi.

Nokudaro, makambani anoyera mafuta, chiyero chacho chinotorwa muhomwe, uyezve chinogadzirisa kuchengetedza kana kudarika. Mafuta nemafuta zvinogona kugara zvakanyorwa semari chaiyo mari. Zvisinei, ivo vachanzi vakarurama chete kana vasingapfuri mitemo yepamusoro yekushandisa mafuta inoshandiswa nekambani kana kubvumirwa neHurumende yekutakura.

Nzira yekunyora nayo

Zvakakosha kusarudza kunyatsotarisa kuti mafuta aya achatengwa sei. Kazhinji kacho, vatyairi vanozvitenga pazvitoro kana zvichidikanwa, izvo zvavanonyatsotengwa mari. Zvadaro vanogovera mushumo wekutanga weizvi pamwe chete neongororo dzinochengeterwa kubva munzvimbo dzemagetsi.

Imwe nzira inogona kugoverwa apo kambani inopinda muchibvumirano nechendaneti yezvitoro zvepetroli. Zvadaro petrooline ichabhadharwa nebhadha. Muchiitiko ichi, pakupera kwemwedzi, ruzivo rwakanyatsotumirwa ruchatumirwa kuti yakawanda sei mafuta uye pamutengo upi wakabudiswa pamakoni kana makadhi anopiwa nevatyairi. Kunyanya kubhuku rakadaro iyo dzimwe nguva rinokurudzira kuzarura kambani inokosha.

Zvadaro, unofanira kufunga pamusoro pemutemo wekunyorera mafuta uye mafuta. Kazhinji kazhinji, mafuta ekudyisa mari (Russia) anotora mafuta ekunyora mubhuku rekuverengera kune zvido zvemari zvese, uyewo zvekugadzirwa. Chisarudzo munyaya iyi chinoenderana nemhando yechinhu chebasa, pamwe chete nerudzi rwekutakura kunoshandiswa.

Track list

Mafuta acho akanyorwa pamusana pemashoko akataurwa mumabhadhibhadhi. Ndiyo magwaro anozadzwa nevatyairi uye ayo anowanikwa kunze kwekuti mafuta ekushandiswa kwehuwandu (Ushumiri hwekutakura weRussia Federation kana izvo zvakagadzirwa nekambani) zvakaonekwa.

Utungamiri hwekutakura hunodiwa kuti uratidze pane zvinyorwa zvakananga nzira uye mileage, chiyero chemafuta anowanika panguva yekutanga rwendo uye pakupera kwayo. Kusiyana kwezvakatemwa mumimiganhu kucharatidza chaiyo chaiyo yekushandisa, iyo yakabva yanyorwa. Izvi zvinoitwa pamutengo, chiyero chemutengo kana teknolojia yeFIFO. Muchiitiko chekupedzisira, teknolojia inofanira kuratidzirwa mumutemo wekuverenga. Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti nzira yacho inotaridzika yakasiyana nedzimwe nzira dzakanyorwa.

Mapepa acho anofambirwa kwezuva rimwe, shandura kana kuronga. Nguva yakareba inogona kugoverwa chete kana iri yebhizimisi rwendo, kana basa racho richiitwa kupfuura rimwe chete. Zvisinei, nemutemo mutemo wakadaro unomanikidzwa kushanda chete nemasangano ekufambisa mumugwagwa. Kana ikambani inotakura mamwe mabasa ezvemabhizimisi, mafambi ekufambisa anogona kubudiswa kwenguva yakareba, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa. Zvisinei, nguva (pamwe chete nechimiro) cherwendo rwekufambisa inofanira kutanga yakarongedzwa nemusoro wekambani.

Mutero

Paunenge uchiverenga mutero wekubhadhara, mafuta acho anorayirwa kana mune zvimwe zvinhu zvekushandisa kana mune dzimwe mari zvinotarisirwa kuendesa kutakura. Mutero Wemitero haisi kurongedza kudiwa kwemaitiro akaenzana akadai. Nokudaro, vangave vakanyorwa muhuwandu hwezvakakwana mari.

Panguva imwe chete, hatifaniri kukanganwa kuti mari inofanira kuve yakarurama. Saka, kuitira kutonga kwakanaka kunorudzirwa kushandisa tafura chaiyo umo mitemo icharatidzwa.

Nokuda kwechinangwa chimwe chete, chinofanira kutarisirwa kuti chimwe chinhu chichaverengerwa: zvinhu kana zvimwe, uye kuti kunyatsogadzirisa sei mari yezvinotyisa uye mabhasiri zvichagadziriswa.

Mitemo: kushandisa kana kusashandisa?

Paanosarudza kana kusashandisa mitemo inotsanangurwa neHurumende yekutakura, inofanira kunzwisiswa kuti yakagadzirwa kune dzimwe motokari uye mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Asi, somuenzaniso, chiyero chechando chemafuta anoshandiswa achasiyana zvikuru kubva pane izvo zvakatemerwa pakutanga. Uyewo, kuvapo kwemagetsi emagetsi, chido chekugadzira magetsi uye nezvimwewo nyaya.

Nokudaro, sekutonga, mukuita zvinoshanduka kuti maitiro akabudirira akasiyana zvakanyanya nemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo. Apo kutsika kwemhepo inotonhorera kunofungidzirwa, kutsika kwekufambisa, semuenzaniso, mumaguta ekumhanya kwemigwagwa uye kudikanwa kwekumira kwenguva nenguva nezvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda, zvinonzwisisika kuti maitiro ekutanga akarongwa achawedzerwa zvakanyanya.

Kune rumwe rutivi, vanogona kutorwa senheyo, uye deta yavo ichazogadziriswa ichifunga nezvezviri mukati uye kunze kwezvinhu zvekushandisa motokari.

Mukupedzisa, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti kuverenga kwakarurama, uko kunosanganisira mamiriro akasiyana, somuenzaniso, nguva yechando yemafuta ekushandisa uye mamwe, anopiwa nemabhuku akakodzera uye zvinyorwa zvakagadzirirwa mukambani.