Fomura polypropylene. Properties uye kushandisa polypropylene

Uye Polymers kubva izvi zvinhu, zvinhu mhuri uye nenhumbi - ichi chinokosha chikamu bhizimisi uye upenyu hwevanhu vakawanda. Zviwanikwa, zvinosuwisa zvikuru kwezvinoshandiswa panguva yavo kushandiswa. Saka, vanhu kudzidza synthesize chakagadzirwa nezvinhu kuti vane nhamba inokosha michina zvatariswa. Chimwe chaizvozvi polypropylene. Chemical yokuita remubatanidzwa ichi, kunyanya ayo zvivako uye nemamiriro Morekuru ichakurukurwa munyaya.

Polymers - neimwewo tsanangudzo

Kirasi uku yeimwe zvinosanganisira avo vane refu zvikuru kukosha pakati samolecular uremu. Nekuti Polymers - zvacho Organic yeimwe ine vakawanda kudzokorora monomer zviyero, izvo zvinogona kubva makumi kakawanda nemazana kana mamiriyoni.

Zvinotevera mapoka anogona kusiyaniswa pakati Polymers zvose:

1. Natural mavambo - mapuroteni, nucleic asidhi mamorekuru pamusoro ATP, uye zvichingodaro.
2. Chakagadzirwa - avo kuti dzinobva dzinongoitika, asi vave mishonga dzakachinjwa kuti kuvandudza unongotaura. Somuenzaniso, chakagadzirwa rubbers.
3. Chakaita zvokugadzirwa - avo kuti vakasikwa chete nemakemikari, kwetunhu murabhoritari uye kugadzirwa chirimwa. Pano mienzaniso machira chakaita zvokugadzirwa uye fibers, polyethylene, chakaita zvokugadzirwa rubbers, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene uye nevamwe.

minda All anozivikanwa ne boka Polymers - chinokosha maindasitiri mbishi zvinhu achigadzirira uye kugadzirwa zvakasiyana siyana zvinoshandiswa, zvemumba, glassware, matoyi, fenicha uye zvimwe zvinhu.

Vamiririri anokosha chakaita zvokugadzirwa Polymers

Makemikari yokuita chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha vamiririri chakaita zvokugadzirwa Polymers zvakanyorwa se (-CH ₂ -CH ₂ -) _n. polyethylene ichi. nzvimbo yake kushandiswa vanozivikanwa. Izvi zvinodiwa mhuri (zvitoro firimu), uye maindasitiri, uye zvokudya indasitiri (kurongedza zvinhu). Zvisinei, kunyange zvazvo ndicho, asi kwete mumiriri chete kunokosha vanhu. Angasanganisira Polymers akadai:

• PVC;
• polypropylene;
• polyisobutylene;
• polystyrene;
• Teflon;
• polyvinyl acetate, uye vamwe.

Zviri mumabhizimisi pakuvaka, uye kugadzira cookware inoita basa rinokosha zvinhu zvakadai polypropylene. Saka, zviri zvakare funga mamiriro ayo kubva makemikari pfungwa maonero.

polypropylene Formula

Mumaonero sayenzi kemisitiri, murwiyo ari fuma kungaratidzwa dzakasiyana siyana Masvomhu. Tsanangudzo yokutanga ndiyo ndiyo samolecular chimiro kunyora. Panyaya iyi nzira iri sezvo polypropylene (C ₃ H _{6) n.} Last polimerazatsii N iri dhigirii, i.e. uwandu STRUCTURAL dzakabatana dziri kwokutanga macrochain.

chinyorwa ichi rinoratidza Qualitative uye quantitative Kuronga Morekuru. Polypropene une kabhoni uye rehydrogen maatomu, uye nokuwanda ari monomer chikwata chiri azvaitwa akaenzana 3/6, uye zvachose cheni kunobva indekisi n. Kana isu kutaura nemamiriro mukomboni, pamusoro hurongwa kwemaatomu ari Morekuru, unofanira kuva akasiyana akarekodwa zvinhu mhando.

Polypropylene: STRUCTURAL payakavakirwa

Record mhando, izvo zvinoratidza kuti mabhomba zvisungo zviri Morekuru, yainzi STRUCTURAL payakavakirwa. Nokuti zvinhu vaiona pano vachava chimiro: (CH ₂ -CH-CH ₃ -) _n. Zviri pachena Valence maatomu mune makemikari kemisitiri uye rakaramba iyi. Formula polypropylene kana polypropene inoratidza kuti monomer chikwata mhando irimo akakura. Zvinonzi aumba kubva ane unsaturated yeHydrocarbon (alkene) propene kana propene. Its empirical payakavakirwa: C ₃ H _8.

The kwokutanga monomer

The yemaitiro nokuti kuwana polypropylene monomer sezvinotevera: (-CH ₂ -CH-CH ₃ -). Kana chitsetsu iyi kakawanda, patinonyatsonzwisisa macromolecule yose, imwe chakaita zvokugadzirwa polymer, ndiko vaiona zvinhu. Uyezve, isu kare akataura kuti vose pokutangira mashoko ari polymerization maitiro anofanira kunzi renguva dzose alkene - propene. Ndiye polypropylene monomer. Structural payakavakirwa achanyorwa sezvo CH ₃ -CH = CH _2. At kwemasikati aida kaviri chisungo moiety yakaumbwa mumakore polymerization. Kuti chete monomer Unit, iro vachidzokorora mhando imwe polymer macromolecule.

Mumuviri makemikari zvivako

Polypropylene fomura (-CH ₂ -CH-CH ₃ -) _N anopa kunoratidza mumuviri makemikari ayo unhu. We nyorai zvihombe.

1. ehupfumi zvokunyama polymer: 0,91 g / masendimita ^3, nesimba, abrasion nemishonga, kwete pasi ngura. White, opaque. No kwakanaka. In mvura, makemikari zvokufembedzwa panguva zvavo tembiricha insoluble. Kana indekisi pamusoro 100 ⁰ C unoparara mu yeHydrocarbon yeimwe. Rinotanga kupfavisa pashure 140 ⁰ C, pa 170 ⁰ C ikanyauka. Ane kupisa nokutonhora nemishonga.
2. Chemical ehupfumi. Mukuona kwebasa, polypropene inogona kunzi ine substantially inert zvinhu. It anokwanisa kuita chete ane simba zvikuru oxidants: Fuming nitric acid, chlorosulfonic acid, oleum, vanoshingaira halogens (fluorine, kuiisa chlorine). Sezvo mvura hazvirevi dyidzana zvachose, kunyange panguva yakakwirira tembiricha. Sezvo chete okisijeni ikasakendenga pamusoro irradiation pamwe ultraviolet chiedza, zvinonzi aine kudzikisirana yacho polymer. The zvinoita zvokufembedzwa muwanze tembiricha unozvimba uye urwa.

Vamwe ehupfumi zvinogona kunzi zvechadenga zvinhu kuti inoshandiswa indasitiri. Zvisinei, havasi vose zvakafanana polypropylene. Kune chaiyo yokuvirisa stabilizers, izvo zvinosikwa kushandisa mamakisi siyana pamusoro polymer pasi kukurukurwa.

Material Magadzirirwo

Zvinokwanisika kunan'anura zvinhu ehupfumi akawanda akadzadzwa polypropylene zvinhu. Zvinoitwa kwayo zvinotevera:

1. Kana kudziyisa anokwanisa itye, kunyevenutsa kare.
2. Pane ane conduction ehupfumi.
3. Udarostoek, vafuke kusakara.
4. Husingakwanisi abrasion.
5. Kukwegura kana vachibatwa chiedza chezuva uye okisijeni, asi zvichiitika zvakakwana kunonoka.
6. Sezvo polymer ane diki samolecular uremu.
7. Ane chena, translucent, haana kunaka kana kunhuwidza.
8. Kana combustion asingadi emit zvinokuvadza, izvozvo inongorira chiedza maruva munhuhwi.
9. Hazvina kuchinja, hunogara, nemishonga yakasiyana-siyana kusvibiswa.
10. Ane kupisa uye chando.

minda All anozivikanwa ne polypropylene sezvo zvinhu ehupfumi kuti akakodzera dzakasiyana-siyana zvavanoda. Zviri nyore kushandisa, nyore kuramba uye kushandisa zviri tsika upi kwemauto hwenyika.

In yose, kune chikuru matatu akasiyana ichi zvinhu:

• attaktichesky;
• syndiotactic;
• isotactic.

Musiyano mukuru pakati pavo - ndiko kuti spatial nemamiriro Morekuru. Zvakananga - nemapoka methyl chuma. Uyewo nokurondedzerwa simba pakudzikamisa yokuvirisa, nhamba monomer vezvikwata zviri macrostructure.

Kubereka mashoko kana ari muchimiro granular crystalline mamiriro kana muchimiro fibers, machira.

Areas mashandisiro

Material polypropylene rakashandiswa kugadzirwa mafirimu siyana, kavha midziyo, midziyo zvokudya. Imhaka nokuti dzaiwanzogadzirwa epurasitiki mikombe nezvimwewo zvinoshandiswa chenhando tableware. Izvi zvinhu rinoshandiswa kuita yakasimba, nemishonga makemikari yomuchipatara polypropylene pombi dzemvura.

Rinoshandiswa kusika shumonepronitsaemyh zvokuvakisa. Namira tepi - zviri mumwe polypropylene mhando.

Attaktichesky zvokunyama inoshandiswa kugadzira:

• mastics;
• adhesives;
• caulking;
• namira matepi;
• pavements uye zvichingodaro.

A dzakawanda polypropylene machira, fibers, anoenda kugadzirwa matoyi, Stationery, zvemumba neimba nhumbi.