Volga Bulgaria. Ischeznovshee State

Kufambira mundima, iyo zvino vaiva ne vagari reRepublic of Tatarstan uye Chuvash Republic, zvakatanga anenge 100 000 apfuura, muna Paleolithic yaitonga. Pakupera kwezana remakore rechi9 uye mukuvamba 10th remakore, kwakaonekwa yokutanga feudal Hurumende - Volga Bulgaria. Hazvisi zvikuru nguva refu yaiva chete nyika dzakabudirira munharaunda iri Far East of Europe. Anofungidzirwa kuti Bulgars vaiva tanga Turkic boka, izvo panguva yacho Kutama Great aiva pakati mazhinji Europe.

Persian uye Arab geographers Volga Bulgaria kwainzi zvikuru kuchamhembe nyika munyika vaMuslim. munyika ino, musi kuitwa Islam anonzi makore 922. Zvakanga ipapo akatumwa Caliph kweBaghdad muguta Bolgar boka yemberi Embassy, iro raiva vavaki uye vaparidzi Islam. Nokuti kuti hurumende iri kuramba amanikidza muvakidzani simba, kuti Khazar Khanate, mambo Bulgaria Almush akamanikidzwa exchange kuna Islam uye kuva akavimbika anotongwa Caliph Bogdada. Saka akakwanisa kusimbisa kudzivirira nyika yavo, wakati akava mutsigiri reArab Caliphate. Asi kwakanga Bulgars, uyo akaramba kugamuchira Islam. boka iri, inotungamirirwa Prince Vyragom, vakaparadzana. Izvi ndozvakaita kuti pave pakuonekwa Chuvash rudzi. Gare gare vanhu kuchiKristu uye akava chete weOrthodox Turkic vanhu.

Panguva yacho kukura, asi Volga Bulgaria yabudirira zvikuru. Maererano mabhuku iyoyo yakanyorwa, nyika iyi inonzi nyika ine maguta chiuru. Kudeuka guta riri vaiona Bilyar uye Bulgaria, uko zvayo nzvimbo uye vanogara akapfuura maguta iyoyo, kufanana London, Kiev, Paris, Novgorod. Somuenzaniso, vokuBulgaria yaiva katatu kupfuura Paris. Nechepakati chikamu yamambo uye mvura yaro yakaita rusvingo Mosque. Nechekare panguva iyoyo muguta dzakavakwa dzokugezera pamwe pombi mvura. Misha zvaiswa pamusoro kudziyisa uye sewerage. Kunze apa, hurumende anonziwo nyika pfungwa. Uye izvi hazvisi mashoko asina maturo. Pano yakawana kukura zvikuru sayenzi akadai mushonga, nhoroondo, nezvenyeredzi, masvomhu.

Pamusoro-soro Volga Bulgaria akatambanudza yaitonga ishe Gabdully Chelbir. Panguva iyi, Bulgars vaiva tsvarakadenga vakasimba unyanzvi hondo. Izvi zvinopupurira chokwadi chokuti Volga Bulgars - chete vanhu vakanga mukaputsa hondo Genghis Khan muna 1223. Pashure paizvozvo, makore eMongolia 13 remuSamoa yaaigara ari Bulgarian mamiriro. Chete muna 1229, akaunganidza simba rake zvose kubva kurwizi Yaik (Ural), kuti eMongolia vakakwanisa kurega Bulgars uye Polovtsy uye akatanga kufamba nokukurumidza nomunharaunda yacho ehurumende, uye yakanga yashatiswa zvachose muna 1936. Part of Bulgars vakatiza uye akawana pokurara paGrand muchinda Vladimir.

Nechekare muna 1240 ari Bulgarian mamiriro yakava chikamu Golden Horde. Kwenguva refu kwaiva uremu kumukira pakati Bulgars. Maererano MG Khudyakov, kuguma netariro kudzoka aimbova hurumende akaisa zvaibiwa kwakaenderera guru - guta Bolgar - uye kufamba netsika uye enyika muzinda Kazan. Kazan Khanate zvino zvakasimba midzi munyika idzi. The zvemo vasara vakanga vajairana zviremera zvitsva. Zvishoma nezvishoma zvakanzi yakabereka, mhuri vakavhengana Bulgars-Tatars, asi vana vose achangoberekwa vari ichaongororwa neKomiti Tatars. Zvakaitika, saka kutaura, "yokupedza" marudzi dzakadai Bulgars, uye kubuda idzva - Volga Tatars.

Kana mutauro Bulgarian, iye chete akafa. Masayendisiti akawanda vakaedza kuwana mazuva wechiTatar mashoko zvishoma, pedyo Bulgar mavambo. Zvisinei, zvinokosha kuti funga mumwe rudzi - Chuvash. Kana unoyeuka, ichi ndicho chikamu Turkic boka, usina vatendeukira Islam uye akatsaurwa. Vanotaura chinhu zvekare mutauro Turkic, iyo haina kufanana mumwe mutauro. Uye kana kuenzanisa zvekare yaMakoronike Volga Bulgars uye mutauro Chuvash anogona kuwanikwa zvakawanda zvakafanana namashoko. Muchidimbu, mutauro Chuvash iri sezvo pedyo Bulgar.