Fishery. Fishing rengarava. Fish kugadzira Makambani. Federal Law "On Fisheries uye Conservation pamusoro hwemvura Biological Resources"

Hove kunokosha pakuderedza womunhu kudya. chigadzirwa ichi mupfumi kwete chete mapuroteni asiwo mafuta, uyewo zvose zvemarudzi anobatsira kuti muviri pamwe mamineral mavhitaminzi. Hove Indasitiri munguva yedu, pasinei nezvinetso, anoramba ichishanduka. nhasi basa sezvo duku uye svikiro kadikidiki kana makuru mabhizimisi munzvimbo iyi.

Ndokupi Russia vanobatwa uye kupatsanurwa hove

восемь: nharaunda Major specialization kwakadaro munyika yedu pane sere:

• West.
• Sea Azov-Black.
• лжско -Каспийский. In lzhsko -Kaspiysky.
• North.
• Baikal.
• альневосточный. D alnevostochny.
• West Siberian.
• East-Siberian.

в России добывается на Дальнем Востоке. Most hwemvura utachiona zvinhu mu Russia anogadzirwa kuFar East. рыбной промышленности страны. Enterprises mudunhu rino vari kuonekwa nheyo munyika hove indasitiri. Mugove East Far nezvokuvandudzika anenge 60% vose akanunura zvigadzirwa kumusika kwazvakaita ichi. Companies West Basin mberi mudunhu iri kunyanya chete pamusoro pagadzirwe zvomumagaba zvokudya. Ivo pamusana anenge 57% of kusunungurwa zvinhu zvakadaro. Enterprises North Basin ari kutungamirira kugadzirwa zvokudya hove uye mapfupa kudya, kununurwa mbava kumapurazi.

Fishing indasitiri: nhamba

Muna 2016 matani mamiriyoni 4,7 akasiyana-siyana yokurarama hwemvura zvinhu zvakabudiswa kuRussia. Nhamba iyi ndiyo 248 zviuru. matani kupfuura yapfuura gore. Panyaya iyi hove kuFar East yakawedzera 8% yakasvika matani mamiriyoni 3.5 kuti. Muna North Basin mufananidzo uyu akasimuka ne 1,4%. In nharaunda iyi ikakohwewa 567 zviuru. Matani mvura bioresources. In Azovo-Black uye Western nembiya kukura dziine 5.6%. Makambani ari munharaunda kupatsanurwa uye akaisa pamusoro musika 103 zviuru. Matani bio-zvinhu. In Western hove bheseni yakawedzera 12%, uye muna Volga-reCaspian zvinosuruvarisa yakaderera nezvikamu 2.4%. Munzvimbo idzi, nokuti gore rakanga kumorwa 34 uye 68 zviuru. Matani bio-zvinhu.

chikuru mabasa

Nokuti chinangwa zvoupfumi, bazi iri upfumi ndowenyika boka "B" (hazvo). Zvisinei, chikamu Russian hove indasitiri emakambani dziri "A" boka (achishandisa production). Chero zvazvingava, chikuru mabasa ari chikamu vari:

• hove uye hove kugadzira;
• kuchinyanya chengetedzo goho;
• kubereka kurarama hwemvura pfuma;
• chinokosha hove kurima;
• kudzivirira mvura bioresources.

Chii emakambani vanobatanidzwa

Hove Indasitiri vakawanda vachishoropodza inonzi socio-zvoupfumi weRussia. nzvimbo iyi management munyika yedu, sezvo neimwe, chinhu chisinganzwisisiki, dyidzana maindasitiri kunzwisisa. Rikawira mukati zvomugungwa indasitiri, somuenzaniso:

• hove zvikepe;
• chiteshi uye kugadzira zvivako;
• Makambani kushandisa iri maberekero hove;
• emakambani mubasa hove kugadzira;
• mambure rokuita mafekitari;
• warehousing;
• Fisheries Research Institute, uye zvichingodaro. D.

Makambani kuti kubudisa nhumbi hove Kuronga indasitiri haana kuiswawo. emakambani akadaro chikamu munyika shipbuilding indasitiri.

Fleet: Matambudziko uye negadziriso

Zvechokwadi, vakawanda hove dzose vaipa kune epamba kumusika, unobatwa mumakungwa, nyanza, madziva, madziva nenzizi. chidimbu chiduku zvigadzirwa izvi chete vari dzabudapo chakagadzirwa madziva. Maererano nenhamba, chaiko kuzvidzora hove muRussia panguva iri magwa kunyanya uye duku. ыбной промышленности. Izvi zvikurukuru chinetso ano wechipfuwo bhizimisi ybnoy p. не могут вести лов в отдаленных океанических зонах. Pashure pezvose, dare akadaro haagoni kuva hove kure munyanza munzvimbo. Ndaratidzwa dambudziko iri, zvinosuruvarisa kare - munguva pokuwa yeSoviet. Chokwadi ndechokuti vakawanda kugadzirwa anokwanisa midziyo huru dzakanga ipapo kunze. Mune USSR, zvinomera izvi dzakavakwa kunyanya munharaunda muUkraine uye Lithuania.

а рыболовецкого флота в плане оснащенности крупными судами в России, скорее всего, в ближайшее время будет решена. Zvisinei, matambudziko uye hove rengarava tichitarisa zvokushandisa midziyo kurei kuRussia, Ungangove, achakurumidza kugadziriswa. Развитие гражданской морской техники» (2009-2016 гг.). Nechekare, nyika zvakazara akaona chirongwa "Development pamusoro Civil Marine Engineering" (2009-2016 gg.). Pakazosvika 2017, 13 shipyards kushanda munharaunda Russia. Uye vazhinji vavo zvikuru vanokwanisa kuvaka ngarava huru.

Mubasa kukura zvaMambo zvikepe dzakafanana, kusanganisira vamwe Russian tsvakurudzo Kudya. Hwaro nokuti replenishment iri hove rengarava kuRussia munguva pfupi anogona kukudziridzwa kushumira unyanzvi hwavo;

• Large furiza trawler 11480.
• Paavhareji trawler-seiner 13728.

Uyewo, masayendisiti edu vachangobva akasuma zvitsva mabasa akawanda ano magwa hove.

kugadzira miti

Production inokwana chikamu ichi National upfumi dzinowanikwa zvose kumatunhu Russia. Chinhu bedzi - munzvimbo pakarepo yakabatana mumakungwa, makungwa nenzizi huru, ivo, Chokwadi, zvakawanda. выпуском консервов, полуфабрикатов из рыбы, сушкой, копчением водных биоресурсов, их предварительной обработкой и заморозкой и т. д. Batanidzwa hove kubudiswa makambani anogona ngaateme zvomumagaba zvokudya, Semi-dzapedza zvigadzirwa kubva hove, yakaomeswa, aisvuta hwemvura utachiona pfuma, avo pre-kurapwa uye nechando uye zvichingodaro. D.

Kuva akadaro kushandiswa zvebhizimisi asingagoni chete panyika. Marara kunowanzoitwa zvakananga midziyo hove. "Vsevolod Sibirtsev" - Somuenzaniso, pane yose mai chikepe specialization ichi muna Russia. Chinhu chikuru hove indasitiri pamusoro mvura. Chokwadi, mugadziri anopa musika pamwe freshest, kupfuura inonaka zvinochengetedza. Maererano zvinonakisa kukura zvinoyangarara fekitari hove akafanana 12-storeyed imba. Muridzi mujinga "Vsevolod Sibirtsev" Parizvino ndizvo kambani "Yuzhmorrybflot".

Munguva ichangopfuura, munyika hove kubudiswa indasitiri nematambudziko yakawanda. Vazhinji vose kumorwa mupenyu hwemvura zviwanikwa vaipa kune makambani yokumwe. Zvisinei, mumakore 5-7 makore ezvinhu ichi ruremekedzo Russia akatanga kudzikamisa. Nhasi, chinangwa chikuru hove kubudiswa indasitiri ndiko kuwedzera kugadzirwa kuti kutsiva kupinza zvigadzirwa mudzimai kumusika.

The emakambani pakukura

Zvino Russia izvozvo unoshanda anenge 700 svikiro kadikidiki, zviduku hove-kugadzira zvirimwa. Uye ichi, chokwadi, hakusi muganhu. Anofungidzirwa ne 2023 nyika vachava zvinomera huru vashoma kupfuura specialization kwakadaro. Izvi yakataurwa mumiririri Federal Agency kuti Fishery ari 6 musangano pakati rechi10 Forum 2016 WorldFood.

рыбоперерабатывающие комбинаты и компании, как: Nhasi, kune Somuenzaniso, zvakadai guru hove kubudiswa zvinomera uye makambani akadai:

• "Rybprom" (Rostov nharaunda).
• "TD Altayryba +" (Altai).
• "Kerchrybholod" (Crimea).
• "Hove nyika Russian" (Moscow).
• "Sakhalin Fish Company."
• Sangana uye Krasnosel'skii t. D.

Enterprises mubasa hove kurima

Industrial Fisheries, uyewo neboka rengarava muRussia nhasi iri Virtual uye bhizimisi vaizotibata chaizvo. Mugove makambani kuti specialized munyika iri chaizvo rinokosha yaipfuurira zvoutachiona mari. Mubasa mabhizimisi kuti specialization iri huru kukura whitefish uye kabhu hove marudzi. Kufanana vakawanda mamwe makambani ari indasitiri, hove panguva apo kutambura zvimwe zvinetso, asi achiri yakatanga zvikuru kuzviita. Kurudziro kuna simbi, kusanganisira European Union vakaisa zvirango pamusoro Russia.

Sezvo chikamu chepurogiramu imupota kuzvitsinhanisa hurumende yakatanga kutsigira emakambani kushandisa kurima hove, muri zvikuru basa. корма, посадочный материал и т. д. Также в стране были закреплены приоритетные права на использование рыбоводных участков за теми предприятиями, которые выполняют государственные условия и нормы. Somuenzaniso, muna Russia chabvisa tsika mabasa ari mamwe zvokushandisa, dyisa, mbeu uye zvichingodaro. D. Kuisa kodzero kushandisa hove-ruminant nzvimbo emakambani aya uyewo enshrined munyika kuti vanoita ehurumende mamiriro uye nezvaanoda. Mukuwedzera, kambani Pari specialization ichi kazhinji inopiwa akasiyana siyana dzinopiwa uye kuderedzwa kana wabviswa mitero zvachose.

Mutemo yokudzora kubata

Chokwadi, kugadzirwa hove munyika yedu rinoitwa kufungisisa kudiwa nenguva replenishment pamusoro reserves ayo uye kudzivirira zvakatikomberedza. It inodzora nyaya dzose idzi mutemo "On Fisheries uye Conservation pamusoro hwemvura Biological Resources". Gwaro iri rakazoshandiswa November 26, 2004. Recent Dzepamutemo panguva wakatangwa muna 2016.

Maererano nomutemo uyu, akadai hove mumvura Russia haagoni kushandisa pamutemo masangano kudzorwa dzimwe makambani. Chaizvoizvo chaizvo hove munyika yedu, muna gwaro iri dzinoiswa kuti maindasitiri, kuzvivaraidza, mumhenderekedzo yegungwa, etc. D.

О рыболовстве и сохранении водных биологических ресурсов» при ловле должны в России не только юридические лица, но и физические. Zvechokwadi, kutevedza mutemo "On fishery uye ndichengetedze hwemvura zvoutachiona zvinhu" kana hove usaba chete Russian nomutemo masangano, asiwo chaiko. Nokuti kutyora zvokudya gwaro kupa zvose administrative uye mhosva mirango.

Chaizvoizvo mubati pachako kuparadzwa munyika yacho mumvura, maererano nomutemo, tinogona kuva munhu uye zvachose vakasununguka. The chete kugadzirwa bio-zvinhu munyika iyi kunofanira kuitwa nenzira kubvumirwa. Shandisa pomumbure Somuenzaniso, nokuti hove mumadziva, nzizi uye madhamu hakubvumidzwi munyika. Murayiro akaparadzanisa mitemo uye mirayiro zvavo vehove uye nhengo dzawo munzanga. Newest unozvipiwa zvimwe kodzero. суточный для личного потребления, к примеру, для обычного рыбака составляет 3 кг, для члена общества — 5 кг. The akabvumira daily hove hove toga kuparadzwa Somuenzaniso, nokuti kwakajairika wehove uri 3 makirogiramu, nokuti nhengo kwenzanga - 5 kg.