Emazita Yakafanira: mienzaniso. Nouns - pachako uye zvakajairika emazita avo

Mumwe munhu anoshandisa zuva nezuva mazana emazita mukutaura kwavo. Zvisinei, haasi munhu wose achakwanisa kupindura mubvunzo kuti icho muchikwata ndezvaiye mumwe kana rimwe shoko mazita akakodzera kana kuti zita mhuri, uye kana pane misiyano pakati pavo. Asi, kubva ruzivo izvi nyore zviri kwete chete pane zvakanyorwa kuverenga, asi vachikwanisa nzisisa nezvavakaverenga, nekuti kazhinji chete verenga mashoko, unogona kuona zita kana chete zita zvinhu.

Pazita: nayo

Usati kunzwisisa chii emazita dzinonzi zvakakodzera uye zvakajairika emazita izvo, zvinokosha kuyeuka kuti ndiyo.

Nouns ndiwo mashoko kupindura mubvunzo "Chii?" "Ndiani?" Uye inotaridza zita zvinhu kana vanhu ( "tafura", "murume"), ivo dzinosiyana kuderera, munhurume, nhamba uye nyaya. Uyezve, mashoko chokuita chikamu chino kutaura, pane private / zita mhuri.

Pfungwa imwe pazita: nevakawanda emazita uye zvakakodzera

Kunze zvisingawanzoitiki kunze, emazita zvose ndezvaJehovha muchikwata kana pfuma, kana chiso.

Kungotaura yakafuka muchidimbu zvinhu homogeneous kana mananara, izvo zvinogona vakasiyana mumwe mune zvimwe zvinhu, asi zvichaita zvichiri kunzi shoko. Somuenzaniso, rokuti "chitoyi" - nevakawanda emazita, asi anogumisa mazita akasiyana zvinhu: motokari, zvidhori, Teddy mabheya uye zvimwe zvinhu kubva boka iri. In mutauro wokuRussia, sezvinoitwa dzakawanda dzimwe zvakafanana emazita munogara yakanyorwa nemabhii maduku.
emazita zvakakodzera emazita - mazita evanhu aunonyanya yezvinhu, nzvimbo kana vanhu. Somuenzaniso, shoko 'mudhori "- nevakawanda emazita, zita iri chikamu matoyi, asi zita yakakurumbira muchiso" Barbie "mudhori ane zita chairo. mazita All zvakakodzera akanyorwa ane guru.
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvakafanana emazita, kusiyana kwavo pachavo, takura imwe lexical zvaanoreva. Somuenzaniso, kana vachiti "mudhori", zvinova pachena kuti chitoyi, asi kana akataura hachisi sezvo zita "Maria" kunze pezvishuvo nevakawanda emazita zvakajeka ndiani kana chii - musikana, chidhori, hachizi zita, mumwe mugeri kana Chocolates.

ethnonyms

Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro, pane pachake emazita uye zvakafanana emazita. Nyanzvi dzemitauro, masayendisiti haasati asvika nekubvirana pasi nyaya yokutaurirana pakati nenzvimbo mbiri. 2 rinoparadzirwa Kutarira mubvunzo uyu: maererano mumwe, pakati zvakafanana emazita uye emazita zvavo vane yakajeka panoparadzana mutsetse; mune imwe, panoparadzana mutsetse pakati discharges izvi hazvisi Mhedziso nokuda kakawanda Kuchinja emazita kubva zvishoma kune mumwe. Naizvozvo, pane vanonzi mashoko "zvenguva" kuti hamuzi vavo, kana kuti mhuri pazita, asi vane maitiro zvose Mapato. emazita ava ethnonyms - mashoko anoreva mazita avanhu, marudzi, madzinza, uye dzimwe pfungwa yakafanana.

Common emazita emazita mienzaniso uye mhando

Mune mashoko mutauro Russian rakajairika emazita. Vose unogona kukamurwa mhando ina.

1. Dzinenge - dzinomirira midziyo kana mananara kuti inogona kuverengwa (vanhu, shiri nemhuka, maruva). Somuenzaniso, "mukuru", "mwana", "Blackbird," "Shark", "dota", "Violet". Chaiwo zvakafanana emazita vari dzinenge nguva dzose muuzhinji uye kuchisazitasingwi siyana uye anobatanidza quantitative sezviverengo "mukuru - vakuru Two", "mumwe Violet -. Violets shanu"

2. Abstract - inomiririra pfungwa, manzwiro, zvinhu zvisingagoni kuverengwa "rudo" "utano", "unyanzvi". Kakawanda izvi mhando nevakawanda emazita anoshandiswa chete yakazonaka. Kana mumwe chikonzero kana mumwe pazita iri mhando rava muzvizhinji ( "kutya - kutya"), izvozvo anorasikirwa yayo husingaoneki pfungwa.

3. Material - kureva zvinhu homogeneous mu sezvamunoita asina vakaparadzana zvinhu: zvine maatomu akafanana (mekuri), zvokudya (with macaroni), zvinodhaka (Citramonum) uye dzimwe pfungwa yakafanana. Material emazita havasi amenable kuti nhoroondo, asi ivo kuyerwa (churu kuti Pasta). tsika emazita mashoko aya vane chimiro chimwe chete kana akawanda kana kuroorwa: "okisijeni" - nhamba chete, asi "ruomba" - muzvizhinji.

4. Collective - a pazita, zvinoreva raora yakafanana zvinhu kana vanhu, sezvo rimwe, indivisible rose, "sehama", "vanhu". Nouns izvi mhando havagoni kuva nhoroondo uye anoshandiswa chete risiri. Asi navo unogona kushandisa shoko "muduku", "zvimwe", "diki" uye akafanana: zvizhinji rebyatni sezvo vaifamba uye nevamwe.

emazita zvakakodzera: mienzaniso uye mhando

Zvichienderana lexical kukosha iri dzinounzwa matombo aya akakodzera mazita emazita: 1. Anthroponyms - mazita, aliases, nicknames uye nicknames vanhu: Vasileva Anastasiya, Zhorzh Sand.
2. theonyms - mazita uye mazita vamwari: Zeus, Buddha.
3. Mazita emhuka - surnames uye nicknames emhuka: Mongrel imbwa, katsi Marie.
4. nemhando dzose mazita - nzvimbo mazita, maguta (Volgograd), reservoirs (Baikal), mugwagwa (Pushkin), uye zvichingodaro.
5. Aeronautonimy - zita dzakasiyana-siyana nzvimbo uye ndege: asi spaceship "Vostok", Inter-orbital chiteshi "Mir".
6. Mazita mabasa ounyanzvi, mabhuku, mafirimu, mapurogiramu eterevhizheni, "Mona Lisa", "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa", "Vertical", "Jumble".
7. Mazita masangano, Websites, mavanga, "Oxford", "Vkontakte", "Milavitsa".
8. Mazita kumapati uye zvimwe zviitiko evanhu: Christmas, Independence Day.
9. Mazita nedzimwe zvakasikwa: Hurricane Isabel.
10. Mazita zvivako yakasiyana uye zvivako: mabhaisikopo "Rodina", mitambo kunzwisisa "Olympic".

Kuchinjwa varidzi vari vanhuwo emazita ndiEzekieri

Sezvo mutauro hachisi chinhu abstrakti uye nguva dzose tisavhiringwa zvose zvokunze uye munyika zvinhu, mashoko kakawanda kuchinja zvishoma avo; pfuma zvinoenda zvakajairika emazita uye zvakafanana emazita ave pfuma emazita. Mienzaniso iri kakawanda chaizvo. Saka dzinongoitika Fani "chando '- kubva rakajairika ikava zvakakodzera pazita, zita Frost. Muitiro unomutsa zita mhuri dzavo pachavo inonzi onimizatsiey.

Panguva imwe chete zita yakakurumbira yefizikisi yokuGermany Wilhelm rontgen kutanga vawana maekisirei, kare kuva muzita pakutsvakurudza chinhu pamwe yavose dzavo nemwaranzi "X-ray" mukutaura mutauro wokuRussia nezuva. Izvi zvinonzi apellyativatsiey uye namashoko - eponyms.

Sei kusiyanisa

Kuwedzera kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro kusiyana, panewo zvivakamutauro, vachibvumira zvakajeka kusiyanisa emazita uye zvakafanana emazita pachake. mutauro Russian panyaya iyi inoshanda zvikuru. Zvinoerera zvakafanana emazita, kusiyana kwavo, sezvo mutemo, ane chimiro uye muuzhinji uye kuchisazitasingwi nhamba: "Artist - vemifananidzo".

Panguva iyoyowo, mumwe muboka iri dzinenge nguva dzose kushandiswa chete kuchisazitasingwi: Picasso - zita womufananidzo wacho, munhu nemamwe nhamba. Zvisinei, pane kunze, kana zvichibvira kushandisa muzvizhinji emazita pachake. Mienzaniso rokuremekedza ichi, kushandiswa pakutanga muzvizhinji: musha musk Great. Panyaya iyi, ari oga emazita zvinowanzotaurwa kunyimwa kuchisazitasingwi: Carpathian makomo.
Dzimwe nguva mazita akakodzera anogona kushandiswa muzvizhinji, kana ivo kunan'anura vanhu akasiyana kana zviitiko, asi nemazita zvakafanana. Somuenzaniso: In kirasi yedu matatu Xenia.

Sei iwe kuperetera

Kana kunyorwa nevakawanda emazita emazita iri nyore: akanyorwa nemabhii maduku, uye vamwe vanofanira kutevera chakaipa nemitemo mutauro wokuRussia, mune imwe muboka, pane dzimwe nuances kuti kuziva kuti zvakanaka kunyora emazita avo. Mienzaniso murombo kunyora kakawanda kunogona kuwanikwa kwete chete kemabhuku vakaregeredza vechikoro asiwo mune magwaro vakuru uye vanoremekedzwa vanhu.

Kudzivisa zvikanganiso zvakadaro vanofanira kudzidza zvishoma mitemo nyore:

1. Mazita All zvakanaka, pasina chaakasiya zvakanyorwa ane guru, kunyanya kana toreva nicknames pamusoro kunozivikanwa magamba: Richard ari Lionheart. Kana zita, nokutora kana nzvimbo zita inoumbwa maviri kana kupfuura emazita, pasinei zvakanyorwa yoga kana hyphenated, nerimwe mashoko aya anofanira kutanga tsamba guru. An muenzaniso kunakidza ndiro zita remadunhurirwa rokuti huru akaipa pamusoro yakakura Harry Potter - Voldemort. Vachitya kuti kumudana nezita rake, magamba enyika muuki zvakaipa rinonzi "Uyo haagoni kunzi." Muchiitiko chino, zvose mashoko mana akanyorwa nemabhii makuru, nokuti ndicho remadunhu- ane hunhu.

2. Kana zita kana zita ine nyaya, inoramba uye zvimwe zvacho pamutemo kutaura, zvakanyorwa nemabhii maduku: Albrecht of Graefe, Leonardo da Vinci, asi Leonardo DiCaprio. In chechipiri chidimbu, "door" muenzaniso zvakanyorwa tsamba guru, sezvo mumutauro wepakutanga makanyorwa pamwe zita Leonardo Dicaprio raMwari. Pfungwa iyi zvinoshandawo zvakakodzera mazita wokumwe mavambo zhinji. In mazita rokumabvazuva anoratidza munzanga yacho inoramba "pakarova", "Suhl", "Zadeh", "Pasha", uye zvakafanana, zvisinei pakati shoko, ndivo pakupera kana yakanyorwa nemabhii maduku. The Izvozvo zvinoshandawo chiperengo zvakakodzera mazita pamwe nezvimedu mitauro. German "kumashure", "zu", "on"; Spanish "de"; Dutch "motokari", "Ter"; French "of", "Du", "the".

3. iri pakutanga mazita yokumwe mavambo nezvimedu "San", "Musande", "Musande", "Ben" zvakanyorwa aine guru uye hyphen (Saint Zhemenei); pashure pamusoro nguva dzose kwakakodzera apositurofi uye inotevera tsamba - rokuremekedza (O. Henry). A chikamu "macro-" inofanira kunyorwa dzokai hyphens, asi kazhinji makanyorwa pamwe nemhaka napedyo chemabviro kunyora: McKinley, asi McLain.

Wakabata pamwe uyu asi nyore dingindira (chii pazita mhando emazita uye mienzaniso), tinogona kamwe kwenguva dzose kubvisa pachako namapenzi, asi zvikuru kusingafadzi chiperengo zvikanganiso uye kudiwa nguva dzose kutarira muduramanzwi kuti zviedzezve.