Ionic chisungo

Paumbwe makemikari chisungo kunosanganisira inofanira redistribution pamusoro Erekitironi arambe achirema, pakutanga raiva maatomu siyana. Nokuti kuti maerekitironi vari externally chokuita chinoumba zvishoma rakasimba, uye yavanobata chinokosha basa paumbwe mukomboni. Kuwanda kwakaita, iro inoumbwa ane atomu mu mukomboni, rinonzi Valencia. Nokudaro, kuita paumbwe maerekitironi yakafanira kunotaurwa Valencia maerekitironi. In mashoko simba pane maatomu akasiyana pakusimba. Akatsiga zvikuru ndiye panguva kwokunze pamwero pane maerekitironi zviviri kana masere (kufadza mari). Izvi pamwero Vaibva kunzi kwakakwana. Kwakadaro dzapedza nhanho yo maatomu zviri chakanaka magasi. Nezvenyaya iyi, chaiye ezvinhu, vari mumamiriro ezvinhu monoatomic gasi, mishonga inert.

Nokuti dzimwe mabhomba zvinhu chakanangana konekwa siyana. Kana mushonga maitiro kunoitika zvokunze kuti kupera zvese. Izvi imhaka kuti hazviiti maerekitironi kana kudiwa pamwe nokuumba vanhuwo hwemvura. Saka, akaumba covalent uye Ionic chokuedza. Properties maatomu sezvamakaropafadzwa richiratidzwa Vachiedza kuwana yemagetsi kugadzikana kwokunze tsika. Ichava kana maviri-Erekitironi, kana vosmielektronnoy. mutemo uyu anonzi nheyo dzidziso makemikari chisungo.

Paumbwe mukomboni rikauya, achiperekedzwa kusarudzwa ane zvakakwana yakawanda simba. Nemamwe mashoko, kubatana inotungamirwa rinoitwa exothermically. Izvi imhaka yokuti pane nezvimedu matsva (mamorekuru) kuti anowanzoita nhaka mukuru pakusimba.

Electronegativity chikuru chinoratidza kuti yezvakaita zvichiitika kukurukurirana. mamirire Izvi zvinoonekwa kukwanisa kukwezva maerekitironi kwemaatomu vemamwe maatomu.

The electrostatic uchikwezvwa pakati ions - zviri Ionic namakemikari chisungo. Akadaro kukurukurirana zvinogoneka pakati maatomu nedzimwe electronegativity nehasha. Ionic chisungo unoumba runoenzanirana Ionic yeimwe. Zvinosanganisira munhu mamorekuru chete mhute wehurumende. Ionic chisungo ari yeimwe ari crystalline (zvakasimba) mamiriro unotora kuita ions (zvakanaka nezvakaipa) akaronga nguva dzose. Panyaya iyi, iyo mamorekuru hatisi.

The yeimwe izvo maererano Ionic chisungo inozivikanwa, vakaumba zvinhu huru subgroups mapoka 1,2,6,7. yeimwe akadaro vashoma. Izvi zvinosanganisira Somuenzaniso, zvinofanira kusanganisira inorganic munyu (NH4Cl), saltlike Organic zvinhu (amines uye dzimwe munyu).

Nonpolar covalent uye Ionic chisungo ndiyo kunyanyisa maviri riparadzirwe Erekitironi arambe achirema. Wokutanga unhu pakati chete yunifomu kuparadzirwa nezvimedu (maatomu) chokuedza maviri Erekitironi gore. Mumashoko ari pamashure pacho, kuti Ionic Erekitironi gore ndokwaJehovha zvinenge zvachose nomumwe maatomu. Zvisinei, mune vazhinji kuita yeimwe vari pagungano zvenguva yakati. Nemamwe mashoko, vanoumba polar covalent chisungo.

The kuita kuti kunoitika nokuda paumbwe Erekitironi majoko yakagovana, ndiye covalent. Covalent chisungo akazviratidza nokuda kukurukurirana pamusoro maatomu nedzimwe electronegativity, riri kuonekwa polar. The Erekitironi arambe achirema pamusoro Muitiro unobatanidza Erekitironi vaviri ari zvava atomu, izvo eletkrootritsatelnost zvakawanda. Mienzaniso mamorekuru akadai H2S, NH3, H2O, uye vamwe. In yeimwe izvi, chimiro covalent (polar uye nonpolar) kukurukurirana nokuda unpaired maerekitironi kusunga maatomu.